On the
an athlete
the origin of property rights property rights issue of our athletes have, the reasons are complex. From the perspective of economics of property rights, the definition of property rights, generally in accordance with the European and American developed countries, the athletes start training an athlete to enter the sport as a labor market in Professionalism, athletes from small to large are basically the whole process of growing investment in individuals and families, their fame and all the commercial revenue interests and the risk of not famous athlete himself by themselves, in this training mode, naturally belong to their property rights to all my players. At present, China has adopted a nationwide system, almost all of our athletes is a national culture. An athlete, received enlightenment from training to the Olympic achievements, all levels of government, almost all over the sports department to do everything in training. Almost by the state training. According to the State Sports General Administration officials estimate the state at a cost of Olympic athletes spend about four million, has been reported and even obtained a cost of 700 million yuan each chop Olympic gold astonishing conclusion. Therefore, the state has reason to believe that the athletes trained by the state the property is owned by the state, the athletes of business development and promotion of individuals to be responsible for the management by the relevant departments, countries should share the athletes to business income. But the players also have reason to believe that property is their own, because he has invested, including athleticism, opportunity cost, high-risk, high pay of, primitive accumulation.
First, according to property rights theory, the sports star as a special human capital is an Secondly, from an economic point of view of interpretation of human capital, human health, appearance, physical strength, skill, knowledge, skills, including the economic implications of all spiritual energy with natural attributable to the nature of the individual. That is the right of commercial exploitation of sports stars and their natural vectors can not be separated, is a personal private property, only an integral part of its carrier. The special relations of personal dependence determines the ownership of human capital, As Professor Qiren Zhou said: to the , plus the exclusive property of human capital, we can assume that commercial exploitation of sports stars, sports stars right should be vested in himself.
sum up, the output of Athletes, both players put into the endowment, health, time, energy, the career choice for athletes to give up the opportunity cost of other options, and high commitment investment risk; also have huge national investment funds. Because of the difficulty to distinguish between what a large contribution to what is small, will not be able to make in advance a clear legal definition, resulting in the fuzzy property rights. Fuzzy property rights will inevitably lead athletes to athletes Property Rights and the confusion and discord.
Second, construct a modern property rights system, to resolve property rights issues
athletes sports economics researchers in the past, the issue of property rights, tend to see the content of property rights theory is too narrow, and its outstanding performance is only due to the issue of property rights property rights. Despite the clarity of property rights is the core issue of property rights but not the only content, in addition to the flow of property rights issues, the diversification of ownership structure issues. This article will clear property rights, property rights movement, three levels of diversification of property rights to the property rights of athletes to make further inquiry.
(This article from: vPro)
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(a) of the athlete's core property rights: property rights
classic statement from the industrial economics can understand, clear property rights is the existence and role of property rights basis. Left clear property rights, absence of property rights is bound, and thus property rights in the community for both economic and social life can not fully play its due role, it can not be effectively maintained, and thus property rights will lose their social, economic and legal significance. When the issue of property rights of athletes, the primary problem is the clear property rights issues athletes, to try to ensure the rights in the sports industry is running truly clear. Visible, clear property rights is the core issue of property rights athlete. Athletes to solve the problem of property rights is the key to clarity, it is necessary to clear its final owner, that is clearly the final affiliation; second operation to clear the behavior in specific subject, namely a clear relationship between its operation. Players clear property rights, in fact, in its end and the operation of the process, clarifying the rights of various actors. This article attempts to clear from the perspective of property rights, property rights to solve the problem of players to explore the path. And emphasized two points: first, athletes property management system reform and the combination of existing sports, because athletes are not clear property rights is largely due to the existing sports management system. Second, property rights should focus on the athletes to their specific operation process, still need to improve regulations and sports activities related to economic policy, but not reflected in the legal sense. of Bo Rui of China,
1. To reform the existing management system of the athletes, athletes into the equity market mechanisms to establish investor rights and athletes property boundary. In actual operation, you can try to build a national and athletes property rights to the and operations. Meanwhile,
Beats By Dre Headphones, the Principle can be applied to market-oriented management contract, private law through the mode similar to the sports authorities and athletes banded together with the athletes in the sports sector to build a two-way between the constraints of democratic equality, open and transparent platform for each of the key issues, particularly related with the interests of both sides, is apt to cause disputes, conflicts, instability generated items to the contract, agreement, written in the form of minutes of fixed, into the standardization and institutionalization of management track. Specifying the responsibilities, rights and interests. Athletes how to conduct business development in the end; proceeds into what was reasonable; If there is a problem, athletes and the respective authorities should bear any responsibility. The two sides carried out in strict accordance with contract terms, regardless of which side of the main contract in violation of contractual rights and obligations agreed upon, the breach must be responsible for their own.
2. reform of the national sport associations nationwide system of property rights, the governance structure established within the scientific. Most of our sport associations initiated by the formation of sports administration, often under the government, their property rights is very clear. Association of property rights reform movement is to continue to promote the physical process of sports associations, making it truly independent ownership,
Beats By Dre Studio, clearly define the legal entity. The implementation of the above mentioned the supervision of the above. Congress members (in this case refers primarily to athletes), the formation of the State Sports Administration of mutual supervision and mutual checks of the scientific management structure, so that the property rights system to be optimized and property ownership even more clear.
3. emphasis on the athlete's definition of property rights. Athletes with a special definition of property rights, because the athletes as human capital is a special The carrier, which determines the athlete is its legitimate property rights. Therefore, we must strictly follow the May consider the respective countries and athletes converted into shares, by a reasonable property rights of athletes, athletes clear possession, use,
christian louboutin italia, usufruct,
Salvatore Ferragamo outlet, the right to dispose of the specific content of the four power by contract to define the rights and obligations, for parties to train athletes to achieve the optimal equilibrium level inputs, thus contributing to the sustained and healthy development of sports undertakings.
(b) the inherent requirements of athletes Property Rights: Property Rights
smooth flow of clear property rights only, while filling the property is difficult to flow, the lack of activity make the sports industry, and its efficient allocation of resources is also will be greatly hampered, not to form a perfect modern sports property rights system. Therefore, in the research and build a modern sports property rights system in the process, must work in the system to ensure the liquidity of property rights, we must establish as soon as possible to smooth the flow of property ownership and liquidity mechanisms.
athletes transfer is the main form of property rights movement. More mature in professional sports western countries, is a very active player transfer market, the sports element, and most can identify where the commercial value of professional sports. Although the current market is not perfect of professional sports, sports agent business is still relatively narrow compared to Europe and the United States, but mediated sports agents will be free transfer move to the next phase of reform management approach the inevitable choice. Provided that the relevant departments as soon as possible to develop appropriate measures of protection or regulation of property rights, uniform and orderly manner as soon as possible to promote Players Sports Agents involved in the transfer market is to enhance the transfer market standardization, and integration with the international transfer market is an important way. Although China's current But the transfer system will be under the professional sports market an inevitable choice, the smooth flow of the athletes system of property rights protection. Conducive to free transfer players to explore the commercial value of the sports industry, athletes fully affirmed the .
(c) the organizational structure of property rights Athletes:
diversified ownership structure of property rights reform of the positioning of players can not do without modern property rights system requirements on the structure of property rights arrangements. Modern property rights system should be diversified ownership structure, corporate governance responsibilities and the limited nature of the property rights system, in the management of this property rights system level performance of investor ownership and legal separation of property rights, clear property rights property rights system. Property rights on the part of the above mentioned corporate governance, powers and responsibilities clearly, the discussion here will focus on the diversification of ownership structure and concluded that the athletes in the management of property rights reform targeting only the level of clarity on property rights, can not solve our sports industry deep-seated problems, but also difficult to bring sports industry management efficiency, it should be positioned on the diversification of ownership structure.
the socialization of property rights and market players is the inevitable trend of development of sports industry. Substantial international experience shows that under the system of professional sports clubs, athletes can achieve diversification of ownership structure. Therefore, China should be in accordance with the rights defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise management science principles, set up and develop professional sports clubs. At present, our professional sports clubs still in its infancy compared with foreign countries is still very competitive, can not copy the foreign business model of professional sports clubs, sports industry to combine their market, and can be considered in accordance with the joint-stock business in a manner athletes, sports agents, clubs, corporate investment in their shares, the formation of professional sports club management team, in accordance with the shares of company management mode of operation, set in its internal board of directors, supervisors, shareholders and other relevant organizations, agencies, and supervision of mutual cooperation among Residual Income Angufenhong approved or in accordance with the contract to run three national sports administration from the country on a macroscopic level to regulate the guidance of professional sports clubs, but not to interfere with their own business, the public and media oversight of professional sports club to ensure that the professional clubs have formed positive internal and external oversight and checks and balances, then the diversification of ownership structure to ensure that athletes run.
Third, the conclusion
property rights of athletes, both with our existing sports management system, but also with the property rights market imperfections, construction of the modern property rights system has become the sports industry trend, but the issue of property rights can not be attributed solely to property rights, it is the core content but not the only content of the smooth flow of property rights and the diversification of property rights is indispensable, the three can be described as construction of the modern property rights system, three carriage , in resolving the issue of property rights of athletes, the first athlete to be sure that the
References: (omitted)
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