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Reprinted from alumni of the user at 15:04 on May 24, 2010 Reading (loading. ..) Comments (1) Category: Personal Diary
one, flat ground: the thickness of the building site within the ± 30cm cut, fill, transport, and leveling.
1, land leveling and calculation rules
(1) list of rules: the icon size by design the first floor area of a building.
(2) a fixed rule: according to the design icon size to the outside line of external walls of buildings on each side plus two meters in square meters floor area.
2, flat ground formula
S = (A +4) × (B +4) = S end of +2 L +16
outside where: S --- flat ground quantities; A --- length of the external walls of buildings outside the line length; B --- width of the external walls of buildings outside the line length; S --- the end of the bottom floor area of buildings; L --- outside the building outside perimeter wall edges.
The formula is applicable to any rectangle formed by the building or structure calculation the site formation works.
Second, the foundation excavation of earthwork excavation calculated
calculation rules
(1), list of rules: basic earthworks dug by the design basis for the icon size to cushion the bottom area by digging Soil depth calculation.
(2), the fixed rule: manual or mechanical excavation bottom area should be multiplied by the volume of excavation depth calculation. Bottom area should be multiplied by the bottom of the long bottom width, length and width of bottom is the bottom width plus the basis of face, when you need to put slope, slope of the earthwork should be put on the total combined volume of the earth.
2, earthwork excavation formula:
(1),
April, list the volume calculation of excavation: excavation earthwork volume = area × digging depth of the bottom.
(2), the fixed rule: foundation trench excavation: V = (A +2 C + K × H) H × L. Where: V --- foundation trench earthwork; A --- bottom width; C --- face width; H --- base slot depth; L --- length of foundation trench..
Which the length of wall to wall foundation trench centerline calculation, the length of the interior walls of net-based long-slot basis, the transfer of a coincidence not to be deducted.
excavation: V = 1/6H [A × B + a × b + (A + a) × (B + b) + a × b]. Where: V --- pit volume; A-Pit catchy length; B --- pit catchy width; a --- the length of pit bottom; b --- pit bottom width.
three, back to the filling of the rules and calculation formulas
1, foundation trench, pit backfill volume = foundation trench (pit) excavation volume - The following building design outdoor floor (structure) part of the volume of material is embedded.
outdoor terrace where the following construction (structures) are embedded part of the volume generally include bedding, wall base, column base,
new balance shoes, and underground buildings and structures, the size of a
2, interior backfill volume = net area between the main wall thickness Backfill × - the volume occupied by a variety of channel between the main wall
net area = S at the end - (L + L in the × × thickness of the wall thickness of the wall)
where: --- the end of the bottom floor area; L --- external walls of the center line in length; L --- within the walls of net long-term length.
backfill height minus the thickness of the ground means the indoor and outdoor cushions, leveling layer, the total thickness of the surface layer , such as the right:
four, transport rules and earthwork calculation formula:
refers to the excavation of earth after the excess soil to the designated location, or lack of backfill backfill borrow from the designated locations. Moving transport should be different modes of transport and distance to cubic meters, respectively.
excavation of earth works volume = total volume - total volume of backfill
where the results are positive, said more than soil Sinotrans, said negative dug backfill.
five, fighting, pressure precast reinforced concrete square piles
1, hit the volume of precast reinforced concrete piles, pile length according to the design of volume, the length of the pile tip by including the full length of Jisuan, the virtual volume without deduction of the pile tip. Unit: m3, the volume is calculated as follows:
V = pile cross-sectional area × design pile length (including the length of the pile tip)
2 , get reinforced concrete square piles (pile): When the design requirements the top of the reinforced concrete piles into the ground below, the pile must use tools to complete the pile, the pile using tools (usually 2 ~ 3m long, from hardwood or metal) to complete the piling of the process is called Method provided by a fixed length of the pile to pile to the top floor plus a natural cross-sectional area multiplied by 0.5 meters to cubic meters, measurement unit: m3, the formula is as follows:
V = pile cross-sectional area × (pile length of +0.5 m)
pile length - the design of pile top elevation to the natural floor.
3, then pile: pile connecting means according to the design of the plant by a section of prefabricated pile transported to the site first first pile into the vertical lifting the second pile, and connected to the first pile and then continue to pile by pile
sulfur clay - Unit: m2; by cross-sectional area
welded pile pile - Unit: t; angle or package by package weight of steel.
six, playing, prestressed concrete pressure pipe
according to the design pile length of volume, length, by including the full length of the pile tip calculation, the virtual volume without deduction of the pile tip, the hollow pipe volume should be deducted from the hollow part of the design requirements of pipe pouring of concrete or other filler material, should be calculated. Unit: m3, the volume is calculated as follows:
V = pile cross-sectional area × design pile length (including the length of the pile tip)
grouted piles in engineering calculation, measurement unit: m3
V = hole diameter pipe pile design of cross-sectional area × depth
grouted seven piles
(1) drilling sinking piles singles, multiple play: Unit: m3
V = tube diameter cross-sectional area × ( design length of pile length + plus irrigation)
design pile length - the length of the design drawings under the pile tip, such as use of valves, including precast pile tip, the use of precast reinforced concrete pile tip is Length does not include
plus irrigation - to meet the concrete filling volume infusion, according to design requirements; no requirement, taking into account by 0.25m.
(2), rammed piles: Unit: m3
V1 (once or twice rammed) = standard tube diameter cross-sectional area × design rammed feed length (not including precast pile tip)
V2 (the last infusion of concrete pipe) = standard tube diameter cross-sectional area × (design pile length +0.25 )
designed rammed feed length - calculated according to design requirements.
(3) holes drilled into the concrete pile
quantities, units of measurement: m3
drill hole V = pile diameter soil cross-sectional area × the natural ground to the depth of the rock surface;;
rock drill hole V = pile diameter depth into the rock cross-sectional area × degree
quantities of concrete poured into the units of measurement: m3 V = cross-sectional area of the pile diameter × effective length, effective length design provisions required, no provision by the following formula:
effective length = design pile length (including the length of the pile tip) + pile diameter
design pile length - top of the pile to the pile bottom elevation elevation
based super filling length - be calculated according to design requirements.
the amount of mud and Transportation Engineering: Unit: m3, construction volume is based on accrual hole quantities.
eight, hand-dug pile
(1), the amount of manual digging works: Unit: m3
V (manual digging) = Wall peripheral hole cross-sectional area × length; hole length - a natural floor to the design of pile elevation
V (mud, quicksand, rock) = actual excavation (digging) the amount of
(2) brick, concrete Wall and Bored volume of concrete core: Unit: m3 quantities according to the design size of the actual size of the icon
nine, cement mixing pile, pile, in cubic meters
V = (design of pile length +500 MM) × design of pile cross-sectional area (length of the design if the design requirements stated at length.) Axis of Quantities shall not be double counting, the overlap between the group piles is not deductible.
ten, long spiral or rotary bored pile method to cubic meters
V = (design pile length +500 MM) × cross-sectional area or spiral design pile diameter area (the length of any design requirements stated at the design length).
XI Shotcrete Wall foundation hole and the hole grouting.
according to design drawings to extend the twelve
in meters, Wall
sprayed concrete according to design drawings in square meters.
XIII brick basis rules
1, base and wall (pillar) of the division:
(1) foundation and the wall (column) in the body when using the same kind of material to design the indoor surface for the community (those who have basements, the basement floor for the interior design profession
), the following is based on the above for the wall (column) body.
(2) foundation and walls of the use of different materials, in the interior design of the ground? 300MM or less, the dividing line between different materials, more than? 300MM when the ground is to design the indoor boundary.
(3) brick, stone walls, in order to design an outdoor terrace for the line, the following is based on the above for the walls.
2, brick-based calculation (the meter rule)
(1), regardless of wall thickness and height of the brick base, calculated by the icon size to m3. The basis of the length of which: external wall of the base at the center line of the external walls of calculation; interior wall of the base at the top step of the base walls of net long-term calculations.
(2) does not deduct the part: big release based on T-joint of the foot overlap, embedded base of steel, iron, pipes, basic vapor barrier, within a single area of 0.3m2 holes the size of a, but the wall does not increase the heating groove overhangs. Qiangduo wide basis with a part of the amount of volume should be included in the basic project.
(3) should be deducted parts: an embedded base of reinforced concrete ring beam and column to the size of plates and
(4) foot brick base big release engineering calculation: the basis of general common brick form for the shape of the ladder,
new balance mens, each step outward layers of fixed size stack out,
new balance running shoes, commonly known as the place foot basis. According to the form of a large section of the foot into place: Large put feet high and put big-foot intervals. Great place for simple foot brick base the calculation of quantities can be folded into the area put the foot part of the same base of a wall section of the area. In general, we can start conversion conversion table found high increase in cross-section calculation again.
big release pin is calculated as: large quantities = put foot basis based on the length of the base × wall thickness × (height + based on converted height)
fourth , brick masonry construction project of implementation of calculation Rules
1, the calculation method and formula: thickness of the wall and should distinguish between different types of masonry mortar to m3 calculation. Wall volume = (length × wall height of the wall - an area of window and door openings) × thickness of the wall - embedded in the wall of reinforced concrete column, beam, lintel sizes + brick stack, parapets and other volume
2 shall be deducted parts: door and window openings, extraordinary holes, empty circle, embedded in the walls of reinforced concrete column (such as GZ), beam (GL, QL, etc.), reinforced brick lintels, niches such as the volume of heating package.
no deductions: beam head , both inside and outside wall head, purlin wood, skids, wooden flute head, along the rafters,
new balance 574, wood tiles, doors and windows take the head, the reinforced walls, wood bar, Iron, steel pipes, each of these holes and other percentage in volume of 0.3m2.
not increase for some: tiger bay windows projecting brick wall, top line, gable flashings,
new balance outlet, chimneys, roots, door and window sets, three less than the waistline and leather brick overhangs equal volume;
3, to determine the length of the wall: wall length of the outer wall of the center line by calculation, according to interior walls of the net length of long-term calculations.
4, wall height to determine
(1), external wall height
① ceiling sloping roof eaves were not counted until the end wall of the center line of roof, as shown in Figure 1 No roof, considered to the top rafters, as shown in Figure 2.
② a roof, ceiling and indoor and outdoor are those considered to truss bottom chord plus 200mm; no ceiling to the roof truss bottom chord at the end were counted plus 300mm, as shown in Figure 3.
③ There situ reinforced concrete slab floors, shall be counted to the flat bottom.
(2), interior walls of the roof height
① in the last Quarter, the height calculation to the roof at the end. Figure 4
② no roof who is counted until the end of the ceiling plus 120mm. Figure 5
③ compartment floor there were reinforced concrete, considered to the plate bottom. A frame beam, that is infilled frame should be counted to the bottom frame beam.
(3), inside and outside the gable wall height according to their average height calculation. Figure 6. Parapet wall beam height from the daughter board to the top of the wall surface of the surface operator (if any concrete pressure when the operator to press the top of the top of the lower surface)
fifth, the frame structure infilled frame engineering calculation rules
between the masonry, the clearance between the frame beam area multiplied by the thickness calculation. Xiangtie brick exterior part of the framework should be incorporated into the framework of the quantities calculated within masonry between
XVI empty Huaqiang, Cavity Wall engineering calculation rules
empty wall displaying dimensions in m3 by calculation take part without deduction of air, air to spend a solid masonry wall, in which part of the real puzzle to be calculated m3. Cavity Wall calculated according to dimensions in m3. Partially empty net
seventh bucket, brick wall construction brick wall calculation rules in order to design icons
length multiplied by height in m; the design height of the fence to the outdoor floor tiles top. If the top surface for the tile roof tiles were pressed, count to pressure Dingding surface; top of those without pressure, calculated to the top surface of the wall; such as the top pressure is calculated for the concrete to the top and bottom pressure.
eighth, brick walls, hollow brick engineering calculation rules
thickness as shown m3 basis, without deduction of the hole, the hollow part of the volume.
nineteenth, masonry engineering calculation rules
aerated concrete wall, silicate brick wall, hollow block walls, and so, according to the icon size to m3 calculation block hollow part of the volume itself is not deductible. Design requirements needed by the body part of the mosaic of brick, is included within the fixed, without any additional calculations.
twenty, garbage Road, flue, ventilation channel, with a wall of the chimney and other engineering calculation rules
by appearance of volume, are embedded into the wall volume. Cross-section of each hole without deducting the following in the 0.1m2 volume, but the pores do not increase the amount of plastering projects
the twenty-first, brick columns engineering calculation rules
volume in real puzzle to m3 calculated applying the appropriate column based on basic items.
XXII other masonry engineering calculation rules
(1), brick steps (not including ladder) at the level of the projected area in square meters.
(2), brick door squatting, housing on the chimney, the ridge of the wall, sink, sink legs, litter bins, a low wall on the steps, flower bed, coal boxes, bins , the volume within the three cubic meters pool, toilet tank, including still, balcony railing, etc. in real puzzle volume to m3 terms, apply a small masonry project.
(3), the trench: the Ministry of big brick wall and the trench wall base, it should be combined volume calculated in cubic meters.
(Zhou Feng for the draft)
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3
Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6
xxiii, steel projects procedures to calculate
(1), to determine the strength grade of concrete structures and seismic levels; (2) to determine the thickness reinforcement; (3), calculate the length of the Bar Anchorage La, seismic anchorage length Lae , reinforced The lap length Ll, seismic lap length Lle; (4), the next of Reinforced material length and weight (5),
休闲搞笑31条，精心收集 - Qzone日志, according to different diameter and steel components were cast reinforced aggregate weight (6), using standard calculations or check Atlas to determine the weight of prefabricated steel; (7), according to different kinds of steel are summarized in diameter and weight of
round reinforced precast, reinforced the basic calculation rules quantities and formula
(1), calculation rule: the amount of reinforcement works should distinguish between the different steel types, species and diameter of steel in tonnes (t) to calculate the weight.
(2), the formula: volume = steel reinforcement works blanking length (m) × corresponding reinforcement weight per meter (kg / m)
where: steel cutting length (m); = component icon size - reinforced concrete protective layer + + bent steel hooks bent to increase the length of some of the increase in length - measured deviation (bending to adjust the value) + map overlap length has been specified <br Steel electroslag welding, and other joints pressed sleeve, with
XXV, steel beam calculation rules and formulas
1, single-span steel beam formula: straight steel net long = L-2C; bent steel net length = L-2C + 2 × 0.414 (0.268 or 0.577) × bent height; bent steel hook at both ends of the net with a straight length = L-2C +2 × 0.414 (0.268 or 0.577) × bent height +2 × (Leung - cover thickness × 2);
2, multi-span steel beam formula
(1), the calculation of the first cross-bar: the upper pass through cross-bar clear span length = length + value of the first end of the bearing anchor
end bearing design structure of negative reinforcement length = length + end bearing anchor value; lower steel clear span length = length + about bearing anchor value
(2), intermediate cross-reinforcement calculation: the middle on both sides of bearing a negative cross-bar design constructed length = length + middle bearing value; (3), stirrup: stirrup length = (beam width -2 × protective layer +2 d) × 2 + (Liang High -2 × protective layer +2 d) × 2 +14 d or 24 d
stirrups root number = (beam net long-100MM) / design space +1, encrypted area separately.
(4), lumbar muscle, stretch, hanging bars should be constructed to calculate the required length.
XXVI, place plate with the formula for the calculation of reinforced cast Ligament
are: muscle force (one-way or two-way, single or double), bearing negative reinforcement, distribution of tendons,
Preface - Qzone log, additional reinforcement (additional radiation corner bars, additional reinforced hole), shoring bars (when the support bar on the lower layer).
(1), the axis of the force bar length = size + left + right anchor + anchor both ends of the hook (in the case of grade Ⅰ bars); root number = (board net long-100MM) / fabric reinforcement Pitch +1
(2), negative reinforcement negative reinforcement length = length + left + right bending bending; negative reinforcement root number = (cloth reinforcement range - reduced value) / fabric reinforcement spacing +1
(3), distribution of muscle length = length of the range of negative reinforcement layout - deduct the value of negative reinforcement: the distribution of negative reinforcement negative reinforcement bars root number = length / spacing distribution of tendons +1
(4), Additional reinforcement ( additional radiation corner bar, an additional reinforcement hole), support bars (when the support bar on the lower layer)
direct calculation based on the actual situation of the length of reinforcement, number of roots. XXVII, cast steel reinforced concrete columns is calculated with the formula
(a), base layer: column reinforcement based Reinforcing = thickness of the base - stretching from the upper protective layer + length + design of reinforced structural requirements Length
(b), the middle layer : Column longitudinal reinforcement = story - out of the current layer on the ground floor height + the height of the ground floor out
(c), top: top KZ because of their different location, divided into corner posts, side columns and column, and thus a variety of anchoring the top of column longitudinal reinforcement design requirements should be calculated according to the length specification. The top layer of clear height of longitudinal reinforcement length = Hn + top steel anchor value.
(d), column stirrups:, KZ middle layer of the root of the number of hoops one encrypted area = N / encrypted area spacing + N + non-encrypted area / non-encrypted area spacing -1
twenty-eight, concrete cushion engineering calculation rules and formulas:
1, concrete strip foundation formula
cushion strip foundation wall concrete wall cushion volume = center cushion concrete strip foundation cushion length × cross-sectional area of concrete strip foundation concrete walls
cushion volume = concrete strip foundation walls of net long-term cushion cushion length × cross-sectional area of concrete
2, the whole Board Foundation, an independent volume based
cushion cushion cushion volume = area ×
twenty-nine cushion thickness , concrete foundation engineering calculation rules and formulas
1, Article form the basis of engineering calculation and formulas
quantities of strip foundation wall = wall length of the center line of strip foundation strip-based cross-sectional area ×
beam interior construction of strip foundation = strip foundation walls the length of net long-term cross-sectional area of strip foundation ×
Note: the calculation of net long-term concrete strip foundation to be vertical and inclined stratified by net long -term Jisuan
2, Full basic engineering calculation, and basic engineering formulas
Full volume = full house full house foundation area of the base × the thickness of the vertical part of the upper bevel + volume
3, independent basis (independent foundation and concrete columns Based on the surface of the boundary)
(1) rectangular foundation: V = length × width × height
(2) stepped base: V = Σ of the order (length × width × high)
(3) the basis of truncated conical side: V = V1 + V2 = 1 / 6 h1 × [A × B + (A + a) (B + b) + a × b] + A × B × h2
which V1 - based on the upper bevel size, V2 - the basis of the lower rectangular volume, h1 - bevel height, A, B - bevel bottom edge of the length and width, ab-- Bevel the top edge length and width, h2 - height
thirty rectangular lower base, concrete column construction rules and calculation formulas
⑴, structural column construction engineering calculation
① column volume = volume + horse teeth structural difference column volume = H × (A × B +0.03 × b × n)
formula: H - high degree of structural columns A, B - a long column section constructed W b - bad bite structural columns and walls 1 / 2 width of the n - poor horse teeth edges
⑶, place concrete frame columns
① column by design icon size of volume. Net components are not within the steel, the volume occupied by embedded iron.
volume = COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN column cross-sectional area * High
which column height:
a slab in the column are high, since the column base should be on the surface (or floor on the surface) between the first layer of the height of the lower surface of the floor calculation. Figure 1
b flat-slab of the column height, column base should be from the upper surface (or floor on the surface) to the column height between the lower surface of cap calculations. Figure 2
c Columns column height, column base should be from the upper surface to the top of the column height calculations. Figure 3
d precast concrete column according to the design icon size by volume and not net of elements within the steel, the volume occupied by embedded iron, attached to the columns of the bracket, the body column into the corresponding volume calculations. Figure 4
XXXI, the amount of reinforced concrete beam construction rules
1, general formula = beam cross- sectional area of beam length * beam size according to the design icons of volume. Net components are not within the steel, iron embedded share of volume, stretching the walls of the beam head and beam into the beam volume of cushion.
2 , beam length of beam and column connections
emulated, the beam length to the column side of the operator, the main beam and secondary beam connection, the secondary beam to main beam length of the side operator. Figure 5
3 , to ring beam quantities
wall to wall ring beam to the project volume = length × ring beam centerline to the ring beam cross-sectional area
wall to interior wall ring beam construction beam = net long-term to the length of ring beam to ring beam cross-sectional area ×
3, based on the volume of
beam method: based on the volume of beam = beam net clear height of the beam length ×
XXXII, reinforced concrete slab engineering calculation
1, the general calculation method Slab: Pouring Concrete plate according to the design icon size of volume. Net components are not within the steel, iron, and embedded within a single area of 0.3m2 volume occupied by the holes . Formula - V = plate length × width × thickness
2, a slab refers to the main beam (secondary beam) and the board cast into one. The project size and the amount of calculation by slab slab (including primary, secondary beams and plates) by beam, plate and calculated the volume of,
3, flat-slab means without the cap beam directly supported by column the board. Its volume by volume plate and column caps and calculation
4, plate means no columns, beams and directly supported by the wall plate. The actual volume quantities calculated by board.
xxxiii, cast concrete wall of the engineering calculation rules and formulas
1, place the wall frame structure calculation method: Press the icon size to m3 calculation. And window and door openings should be less than 0.3m2 volume occupied by holes. Formula: V = wall length × height × thickness of the wall-0.3m2 wall outside the door and window openings in the area × thickness of the wall
type: long wall - wall by L, the interior wall by L in (a column to the column side of the operator thereof); wall height - from the calculation based on the surface to the top of the wall. Thickness of the wall - by drawing requirements.
xxxiv, metal structure the engineering calculation rules and formulas
1. metal structure fabrication and installation according to the icon size calculated in tonnes of steel, not less hole, cut limbs, trimming, Notching the weight of the electrode without any additional increase in weight, irregular or polygonal plate thickness of its external rectangular area multiplied by the unit multiplied by the theoretical weight.
2 .. brake truss, combined weight of the brake plate, apply the brake beam scale. Studs, wall bracket, pole beams and the weight of connecting together, apply the fixed wall bracket. The bracket attached to steel columns and beam together, apply the steel columns fixed.
3, steel platforms, walkways should include stairs, platforms, railings together, the steel ladder should include stepping, railings combined.
xxxv component transportation and installation engineering calculation rules and formulas
1. prefabricated concrete components according to component transportation and installation of the icon size, in real terms of volume; metal component component by component Dimensions shown in ton, wooden doors and windows transport at the area of window and door openings.
2. aerated concrete plate (block), block transport silicate equivalent per cubic meter of concrete member sizes 0.4M3 transport components calculated according to class Ⅱ.
3. prefabricated concrete components to install:
(1) welded to form the prefabricated reinforced concrete frame structure,
new new balance shoes, according to its COLUMN column installation, installed by frame beam beam calculation; precast columns, beams first made Siamese frame by forming the framework of the beam and column calculations.
(2) pre-shaped reinforced concrete columns, rectangular columns, empty columns, double-limb columns, hollow columns, pipe support and other installation, according to column installation calculations.
(3) combination of roof installation to concrete part of the physical volume, not the other parts of steel parts calculation.
(4) installation of precast reinforced concrete multi-column, column by column to install the first floor calculation, the second floor above the second floor and then column by column calculation.
XXXVI, wood structural engineering engineering calculation rules and formulas
1 , all kinds of doors, windows, production, installation volume by the door, window area of the hole.
2, fabrication and installation of wooden frame for completion according to the design section to cubic meters of wood, its length and the preparation of loss reserves are not calculated separately. Connected with the roof overhangs wood, support, etc., into the corresponding quantities of its timber volume calculation completed roof. Roof of the tail, knuckle and orthogonal part of the half-rack, should be
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