nike shox for sale Heliocentric

heliocentric theory, also known as earth, said the movement of celestial bodies and the geocentric theory of phase established, it believed that the sun is the center of the Milky Way, not the Earth.
directory
Overview Introduction heliocentric Copernican difficult background to the establishment view geocentric heliocentric heliocentric question the founder of Arista Idris Yasar carefully moving at Tucker's argument that Galileo's heliocentric sense out of geocentric error of the times change on other countries, had a transforming effect on the heart that the error points outlined
heliocentric
Copernicus's heliocentric theory, reverse the long-living religious ruling geocentric realized astronomy fundamental change. Heliocentric view is 1. The earth is spherical. If you put a light in the mast top, when the boat left the shore, the shore of the people will see the light gradually decreases until it disappears. 2. The earth movement and rotation of 24 hours a week. Because the sky is much larger than the earth, if the infinite of the heavens and the earth does not move in the rotation,nike shox for sale, it is unthinkable. 3. The sun is not moving, but also in the center of the universe, the Earth and other planets with circular motion around the sun, only the moon around the Earth. About Copernicus Nicolaus Copernicus (1473--1543) is a Polish astronomer. Copernicus in high school, is interested in astronomy, he followed the teacher in the church
Copernicus
the top of the tower observation of the stars. He believed that magic of astronomy only two: mathematics and observation. He worked tirelessly to overcome the difficulties, astronomical observations every day for 30 years as one day, finally achieved a reliable data, proposed the Copernicus's Copernicus is one of the giants of the Renaissance in Europe. He used a lifetime of effort to study astronomy, for future generations to leave a valuable legacy. Copernicus remains on May 22, 2010 a grand cathedral in the Bolan Fu BP re-buried. Heliocentric generally considered a difficult background to the establishment complete heliocentric model of the universe by the Polish astronomer Copernicus published in 1543, Tucker had already mentioned the sun is the center of the universe, the earth around the sun movement. Solid earth is in motion it was in ancient times is very difficult to accept, on the other Ptolemaic geocentric system can be very good and was consistent with the observational data, so even in the half century, is still very small heliocentric people pay attention, supporters is very rare. It must be noted here is that in modern times, said on Rome and the Vatican's geocentric heliocentric Copernican struggle is a serious exaggeration. Bruno burned at the stake in 1600 suffered, not because he supported the heliocentric theory, but because of his anti-theistic religions such as that annoying anti-religious thought. In fact, until 1609 Galileo invented the telescope, and thus found that can support the new heliocentric astronomical phenomena, the heliocentric began to attract attention. The astronomical phenomenon is: the discovery of wood direct health system that is not the only center of the Earth, Venus reached its full findings also revealed the Ptolemaic system error. However, Copernicus's heliocentric Ptolemaic system from the data and the data can not match Tycho's observations, it is still a heliocentric point advantage. Kepler's elliptical orbit until replaced by revised circular heliocentric orbit, the heliocentric geocentric competition is able to achieve real victory. Heliocentric view: Copernicus to explain his own theory about the movement of celestial objects The basic idea of ​​writing entitled He provides the earth there are three sports: one is the Sun's rotation axis in the ground campaign; one is the anniversary of the movement around the Sun; one is half the precession to explain the Earth's axis rotary movement; Copernicus in his Run On, , the center of the universe near the sun; the same distance from Earth to the sun, sky height ratio is negligible; in the sky to see any movement, is caused by motion of the earth; see the sun in the sky all the phenomena of motion are not produce its own sport, but the earth movement caused by the Earth at the same time with several sports;
heliocentric
people see the planets forward and backward movement, is caused by motion of the earth. Sufficient to explain the movement of the earth in the air to see people of various phenomena; Copernican theory to support his arguments are mainly mathematical properties. He believes that a scientific theory is derived from some hypothesis to a set of ideas. He believes that the true hypothesis or theorem of the following must be able to do two things: they must be able to explain the observed movement of celestial bodies. They must not violate the Pythagorean movement of celestial bodies and uniform circular argument. There were a lot of opposition views, but with knowledge at the time to refute. Objection: if the earth turning, the air will be left behind, and form a persistent wind. Copernicus answered: air containing soil particles, and the land is the same nature, forcing the air to follow the Earth's rotation. Copernicus answered: no resistance when turning the air because the air and the earth is constantly rotating the connected. Objection: blows up a stone, will be behind the Earth's rotation,nike shox for sale, and landed west of throwing point. Copernicus answered: the pressure due to the weight of the object itself,nike shox for sale, the main character belongs to the earth, so there is no doubt the various parts and their overall maintain the same nature. Objection: If the Earth rotates, it will fall apart due to centrifugal force becomes. Copernicus answered: If the earth does not rotate, then the more massive the star the ball with great speed to be rotating, the centrifugal force to the star can easily be pulled to pieces. Copernicus answered: centrifugal force only in the non-natural human movement find, and in a natural movement, such as the movement of the earth and celestial bodies, it is not found. Geocentric
geocentric
geocentric long-term popular in the ancient theory of the universe in Europe. It was originally put forward by the Greek scholar Eudoxus and subsequently by Aristotle, Ptolemy further developed gradually established and perfected. Ptolemy that the Earth at the center of the universe static. Outward from the Earth, in turn, have the moon, Mercury,nike shox for sale, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, in their circular orbit around the earth on the run. Among them, the movement of planets than the sun, the moon is more complicated: the current round of the planets in motion, and round and round all along the run around. In the sun, moon planets, the stars are inlaid with all the celestial - the star days. Outside again, is to promote the movement of celestial objects in the original action days. Geocentric planetary system is the first model. Although the center of the universe as the planet it is wrong, but its historical achievements should not be denied. Geocentric Earth recognized as Geocentric most important achievement is the use of mathematical calculations of planetary motion, Ptolemy also the first time, According to this model, people are able to quantitatively calculate the movement of planets, suggesting that the location of the planet, this is a great creation. In a certain period, according to a certain extent, this model can correctly predict astronomical phenomena, and therefore also in the production practice played a role. Geocentric model in the current round are round, after all, Ptolemy's observations based on limited piece together, he was artificially provided by the current round, all rounds of size and speed of the planet, only to make this agreement model and the experimental results . But by the late Middle Ages, with the observation of the continuous improvement of equipment, planetary positions and movements of the measurements more accurate, the actual position of planets observed with the results of this model the deviation gradually revealed. However, people who believe in geocentric did not realize that this is the center of the earth that caused the error itself, but by increasing the current round of ways to remedy the geocentric. Can barely cope with this approach initially, later increased to more than 80 small round, but still not satisfactory to calculate the exact location of the planet. This can not but raise doubts as to the correctness of geocentric. By the 16th century, the Copernican view of the action held at heart predecessors and contemporaries of ancient Greece on the basis of academics, and finally created the Since then, the center of the earth that will gradually be eliminated. Simply put,nike air max 2010 Man stabbed by the bike owner fa, Heliocentric question the creation of 1499, Copernicus graduated from the University of Bologna in Italy,nike shox for sale, any Catholic priest. He returned to Poland to work with his uncle. His uncle, 瓦茨恩罗德, so that charges the Catholic Cathedral of the Bishop of Fort Lang. Copernicus was living in the top floor of the church, so the long term astronomical observations. At that time, people believe that 1500 years ago, the Greek scientist Ptolemy created the universe model. Ptolemy that the earth is the center of the universe and still,nike shox for sale, sun, moon, planets and stars all revolves around the earth, and stars away from the Earth, in space outside of the giant sphere. However, after careful observation, scientists have discovered laws of planetary motion and the Ptolemaic universe model does not fit. Some scientists modified the Ptolemaic theory of the universe orbits,nike shox for sale, in the original track (or track small objects) were added to the more celestial bodies orbit. Each planet, said this model, both along the circumference of a small track for running, and the small track and along the planet's large orbit around the Earth in circular motion. After several hundred years, more and more obvious flaws of this model. Scientists have increased in this mode a lot of track, so the planet has an orbit along a circular motion. Copernicus would like to use For nearly 20 years at the time, day and night tirelessly Copernicus measured position of the planets, but the measurement results obtained with the Ptolemaic celestial bodies are still operating mode is not much difference. Copernicus would like to know while running another planet observing the operation of these planets would be like. Based on this idea, Copernicus germination of an idea: If the Earth in the operation, these planets appear to be what is the situation? This idea in his mind became clear again. Year, Copernicus at different times, different distances from the Earth to observe planets, each planet is different, and it is not in the stars, he realized that the Earth orbits the center. After 20 years of observations, Copernicus found that the annual solar alone did not change significantly. This means that the distance between Earth and the sun has not changed. If the earth is not the center of the universe, then the center of the universe is the sun. He immediately thought of the sun on if the center of the universe, then the earth around the sun on. So that he could cancel all of the small circular orbit model directly to all of the known planets around the sun in circular motion. However, whether people can accept the universe, Copernicus proposed a new model? People around the world - especially the great powers of the Catholic Church believe that the sun is the center of the universe in this argument? Fear of punishment for the Church, Copernicus was still alive did not dare open his findings. In 1543, this discovery was made public the world. Even at that time, the discovery of Copernicus also continue to be churches, universities and other institutions and astronomers of the contempt and ridicule. Finally, 60 years later, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Jiali Lei proved Copernicus was right. In China, as early as 3,000 years ago had a This is the light of day, in essence, is heliocentric. But did not get much recognition. Arista Yasar 里斯塔克斯 (Aristarchus, 310 BC - 230 BC), is the first recorded human history to promote heliocentric astronomy, was the ancient Greek period, it was recorded in human history the greatest astronomer, mathematician. He was born in ancient Greece Samos. He placed the Sun rather than Earth's center in the entire known universe, he is documented in human history of the earliest advocates of heliocentric one. But at the time of ancient Greece, his world view and not the wisdom of outstanding people can be understood at the time, Aristotle and Ptolemy was overshadowed by the talents of,nike shox for sale, until the 16th century (about 1760 after ), Copernicus was well developed and improved view of the universe and the theory of Ali Starks. Ali Stark said the Japanese move carefully advanced astronomy of ancient Greece's most famous school of Alexandria, Ali Starks is representative of this school early. Most of his writings has been lost, and spread so far the only book is about the size of the sun and the moon and to the distance of the Earth, but cited by others, can know that he also wrote another book, in which he developed a flexible heliocentric model. In the article, he described from the solar and lunar eclipses in the shadow of the moon and the proportion of the size of the Earth, suggesting that the sun is actually much larger than the Earth, the moon smaller than the Earth. And by the moon in the angle between the upper and bottom chords, suggesting that the sun is the moon from the Earth ten times from Earth. Ali Starks that the sun, moon and earth in the first month or the last quarter of the period, constitutes an approximate right triangle. He estimated that the maximum angle of about 87 °. Although he applied the geometric theory is not wrong, but because of observational data are biased, he found the Sun-Earth distance is 20 times the distance on the conclusions. In fact, the former is 390 times. Ali said Starks, the moon and the sun had nearly the same perspective, so their diameter and their distance from the Earth is directly proportional. This is logical. Ali Starks said the sun was greater than the earth, just could be used to prove heliocentric model. Ali Starks observed the shadow of the moon through the Earth needs a sidereal month of time. Therefore, he estimated that the Earth three times the diameter of the moon. Calculated according to Ai Latuo Essenes 42,000 km circumference of the earth, he considered the perimeter of the moon should be 14,000 km. In fact, the Moon's circumference of about 10,916 km. Harry Starks is also something that should not be a big small things turn around, so he proposed a He believes the Earth from west to east on the one hand one revolution per day, resulting in the ascent of the West off the scene objects. On the other hand it the year around the sun a week, water, gold, fire, wood, earth and other planets revolve around the sun is the same. He also said that with the Earth around the sun compared to the track diameter, the star is almost at infinity. Can not see the Earth turn caused the phenomenon of stellar parallax. Starks on the heliocentric Ali Ali Starks at the heart of the papers presented have been lost. We know it exists because some descendants of scholars have raised, most notably Archimedes and Plutarch (Plutarch). Archimedes pointed out that the heliocentric model of the universe Ali Starks focus on are: * Sun and the fixed stars do not exercise. * Earth around the sun. * Earth's orbit is circular. * Sun in the center of the circle. * Fixed the star is very far from the Sun and the Earth. Roman historian Plutarch in the two centuries later, the paper provides more details. He told us that Ali Starks think this is because the Earth rotates daily a week, give us the impression that the sky rotate around the Earth. Therefore, Ali Stark clearly understand the Earth is spherical, and the sky looks like in the rotation, in fact, the rotation of the Earth caused by the daily. This may explain why he is generally considered the inventor of a new astronomical instruments skaphe, skaphe is a bowl-shaped sundial, and from the Babylonians plane sundial (gnomons) different, skaphe can correctly track the movement of the sun in the sky path. Plutarch also tells us that Ali Stark teaches earth along the Most scholars believe that Ali Starks in the Earth as a planet, too, put the other planets orbit around the sun. Ali Starks knew he would substantially increase the model size of the universe. If the Earth did not move, it may fall on the star to the sun, moon and planets beyond. However, if the circumference of the earth around the sun along the huge movement, it is sometimes closer to some of the stars,nike shox for sale, sometimes far away from them. Unless the star very far from Earth, or near the Earth or away from the stellar populations, they should look to expand or shrink. However, because this phenomenon does not occur, so the Earth must be in the great universe in constant motion. Unfortunately, Ali Starks world outlook and theory, was far ahead of ahead of the times, and thus not recognized by the general public, Craig Anders actually asked the Greeks of blasphemy against Ali Starks of the crime. The idea of ​​后阿里斯塔克斯 theory was thrown into the ring as precious as the sea disappeared. Until the appearance of Copernicus. Galileo's argument, as discussed in the same Nie Wentao, Galileo that Copernicus, through mathematical logic. This is no different with Bruno. At the same time, Galileo invented the telescope, Copernicus proved to some extent correct. However, in Rome, the academic discussion of religious organizations in the firm, Galileo did not overcome their opponents, leading to the final tragedy: when The flaw is one of the scientists may not be detected, What is the passage of time it? This tricks is very scary, in fact, meaning is very simple. Figure I shows, assuming the stars A and B stars suspended in space, the Earth's surface, I look up at the stars of the observation point 1, A and B stars, they seem very close distance, if the Earth's rotation, even if I do not stand still move, I will move the earth away with the observation point 2, 2 from the observation point to see the same two stars, their relative positions will change, from angles than the angle X Y large can know. In other words, if the phenomenon found in the passage of time, then the Earth's rotation to be established; if there is no passage of time, the Earth should be in a fixed place. XVI century when astronomers Thai high. Lubumbashi (Tycho Brahe) was the most sophisticated equipment in order to detect whether there is However, the value of Galileo guiding principles of mathematics. He always believed in heliocentric. Heliocentric geocentric out the significance of the error Copernicus's Since ancient times, humans have the structure of the universe constantly engaged in thinking, as early as ancient Greece philosophers have put forward the idea of ​​the earth in motion, but was lacking and was therefore not recognized by the people. In ancient Europe, Aristotle and Ptolemy advocated The proposed theory and the Christian to maintain their rule. Thus With the continuous development of things, the accuracy of astronomical observations gradually improve, people gradually discovered the geocentric theory of the flaws. To the Renaissance period, it was discovered that both Ptolemy's actually round and round the number up to eighty or so, which is obviously unreasonable and unscientific. It is expected to have a scientific replaced geocentric celestial system. In this historical context, the Copernican theory of earth came into being. About 1515 years ago, Copernicus to explain his own theory on the basic idea of ​​celestial motion to write an article entitled the center; the earth is only the center of gravity and the moon orbit the center, not the center of the universe; all objects are around the sun, the sun near the center of the universe; the same distance from Earth to the sun, sky height ratio is negligible; in the sky to see any movement, is caused by motion of the earth; see the sun in the sky all the phenomena of movement, are not produced its own movement, but caused by motion of the earth, the earth simultaneously with several sports; people see The
heliocentric
planets forward and backward movement,nike shox for sale, is caused by motion of the earth. Sufficient to explain the movement of the earth in the air to see people of various phenomenon. In addition, Copernicus also describes the Sun, the Moon, three outer planets (Saturn, Jupiter and Mars) and the two inner planets (Venus, Mercury) in apparent motion. The book, criticized the Ptolemaic theory of Copernicus. Scientifically explained the phenomenon of celestial bodies, to overthrow the long-dominant geocentric living and fundamental denial of the Christian God created everything on the fallacy, in order to achieve a fundamental change in astronomy. He correctly described the functioning of the Earth around its axis, the moon around the earth work, earth and other planets around the sun all the facts. But he also, like their predecessors seriously underestimated the scale of the solar system. He believes that orbit stars is a series of concentric circles, which of course is wrong. His doctrine in the mathematical calculations are complex and very accurate. But his book immediately drew great concern, driven by a number of other astronomers to make more accurate planetary motion observations, most notably the great Danish astronomer Thai life Bolai He, Kepler is based on the accumulation of Thai life the observed data, and ultimately derive the correct operation of law of the stars. This is an unheard of doctrine of a new era for thousands of years regarded as a conclusion of the academic center of the Earth said that Ptolemy is undoubtedly a blow. Although Ali Starks made heliocentric theory of Copernicus more than 1700 years earlier, but in fact was the reputation of Copernicus. Ali Starks made only by virtue of an inspired guess, and not to be discussed in detail, so his theory is scientifically useless. Copernicus solved the conjecture in one by one math problem and turn it into a useful scientific theory ─ ─ A theory can be used to make projections, celestial observations by the inspection center of the universe with the earth is old comparison theory, you will find it of great significance. Copernicus's theory apparently is the revolution of human knowledge about the universe, which allows people to have the whole view of the world has undergone major changes. However, the impact of Copernicus in the valuation, we should also note that the scope of application of astronomy than physics, chemistry and biology as extensive. In theory, the Copernican theory that people even know nothing about the knowledge and application, will create television sets, cars, and modern chemical plants and the like. But does not apply Faraday, Maxwell, and Newton's theory of Lavoisier is unthinkable. Consider only the impact of the Copernican theory of the technology will completely ignore its true meaning. Copernicus's book on the work of Galileo and Kepler is an indispensable prelude. They became the main predecessors of Newton. Is that the two discoveries that have the ability to determine Newton's laws of motion and universal gravitation. Copernicus's heliocentric system, since the universe is the product of the times, it can not be age restricted. Is not completely opposed to theology, while some of the views expressed in Copernicus, his system is flawed. Copernicus referred to in the universe is confined to a small area, and specifically, his structure of the universe is the solar system we know today, that the sun as the center of the celestial system. Since the universe has its center, it must have its borders, although Copernicus rejected Ptolemy's In fact, he is the belief that the universe of stars is the celestial sphere But as the founder of modern science, Copernicus is a great historical achievement. Confirm the Earth is not the center of the universe, but one planet, which set off a revolution in fundamental astronomy is the search for objective truth, the human milestones on the road. Copernicus's great achievements, not only paved the way to the modern astronomy and natural science to create a whole new era of forward. From Copernicus times, separated from the Church fettered access to natural science and philosophy began to leap in development. Copernicus's scientific achievements, is a product of his time, and in turn promote the development of the times. Change the times fifth, sixth century Europe, it is capitalism from feudal society to a critical period of social transformation, in which two hundred years, society has undergone tremendous changes. Europe until the 14th century, a small city full of fragmented. Later, with the rise of urban industry and commerce, especially in the mining and metallurgical industry, the emergence of many new cities, the small city-states have come together to form the national trend. 15 end of the century, in many countries have emerged largely centralized monarchy. Poland was not only like Krakow, Poznan this city, there are many handicraft prosperous city. Merged in 1526 Warsaw, Poland has become an important commercial, political, cultural and geographic center of the 16th century became the capital of the Polish state. This political and economic changes and adapt,nike shox for sale, culture, science began to be reflected. At that time, Europe is stake. The emerging bourgeoisie for their own survival and development, setting off a campaign against the feudal system and the struggle of the Church of superstition, there has been thought of humanism. Combat weapons they use is not contaminated Greek theological philosophy, science and literature. This is the shock of the Renaissance in Europe. Renaissance first occurred in Italy,nike shox for sale, soon to expand to Poland and other European countries. At the same time, commercial activity also contributed to the development of foreign trade. In the Ocean sailing requires a rich knowledge of astronomy and geography, from the actual observation data accumulated up to make people feel at the popular the development of astronomy and geography. In 1492, Italian navigator Christopher Columbus discovered the New World, Magellan and his companions around the globe to prove that the earth is round, so that people began to really understand the Earth. Changes in other countries impact on the church under the strict control of the Middle Ages, have also been vigorous religious revolution. Because many of the Catholic doctrine does not comply with the teachings of the Bible, but added too many and the will of the Pope's personal theologian own types of results, so many believers to question the Catholic doctrine and organizations, initiated action to return to the Bible. Czech patriot, president of the University of Prague Jan Hus (1369 ~ 1415) in Constantinople, publicly condemned the religious meeting of the German feudal lords and the Catholic Church's oppression and exploitation of the Czech Republic. Although he was a reactionary Church burned at the stake, but his revolutionary activities aroused a strong reaction. Czech farmers under the banner of Aarhus partisan uprising, the movement spread to Poland. 1517, in Germany, Martin Luther (1483 ~ 1546) against the Church of Atonement character trafficking, public break with the Roman Pope. 1521, Luther and the Holy See Worm Congress to expose the evil, and proposed the establishment of Protestant ideas. Protestant doctrine supported by many countries, Poland is also seriously affected. To major changes in such a turbulent era, February 19, 1473 Copernicus in Torun Wei Siwa River City was born. His father was a wealthy businessman when members, he has a brother and two sisters. Copernicus 10 years old when his father died, his uncle was sent to the Archbishop of business cards at home support facilities. Card facilities is a humanist, he and Poland had very close between intellectual progress and excellence with the Italian revolutionary,Down foreign men were masked suspects robbed $ 750,000, humanist Philip Buao Na Kexi is a good friend. In high school, when Copernicus, service card facilities to participate in humanist with his party. 1491, in accordance with the arrangements uncle, Copernicus to Krakow University to study astronomy and mathematics. At that time, Poland has produced some famous astronomers, such as the Mall of State Clore, who in 1450 wrote, Another example is the famous astronomer Vojislav Cech, who compiled astronomical calendar,Cadres and injured five people suspected of drunk driving crimes against public security arrested, he lectures at the University of Krakow, is the time of Copernicus to study mathematics and astronomy professor. Copernicus's Although the But in the Middle Ages, also has an extension of astronomy in ancient Greece, through the framework of scholastic theologians good government argument. In order to consolidate the feudal rule of the Catholic Church's Inquisition burned many valuable scientific works, and sometimes actually burned 20 carts a day. 1327, Italian astronomer Scott in mining subjects were burnt alive, his Revelation In fact, the existence and development of science an eternal problem is the contradiction between standards and innovation. On the one hand, will inevitably lead to the emergence of scientific knowledge related to the evaluation criteria and wrong, on the other hand, the process of scientific knowledge, there is a breakthrough in the process of the original standard, and therefore bound by the original standard limited or suppressed. This requires us to reflect more deeply the tragedy of two kinds of science: one is the implementation of the standard error of the consequences; the other is the innovation brought about by the indiscriminate humanitarian disaster. Stephen Zweig in the , unless the economic freedom, the power will become a tyranny. evidence; (2) All people who hold heterodox opinions need to prove himself right, without having to complain about in this society do not understand before. (3) the significance of the so-called scientific development, is on changing the original understanding of human beings. Therefore, the choice is a right and wrong, otherwise there is no rational scientific inquiry. Heliocentric heliocentric error point is a theory that the earth revolves around the sun, but also an error: 1. The sun is not the center of the universe, but the center of the solar system. 2. The earth is not the center of gravity. 3. The sky to see any movement, failure is caused by the earth movement. 4. Earth and other planets orbit is elliptical rather than round, do not do circular motion. Because these errors, so can only be regarded heliocentric theory, and more geocentric, but is relatively better. Because it demonstrates that the Earth revolution around the Sun. Atlas Atlas entry for more extended reading: 1
http://baike.baidu.com/view/1186419.html?wtp=tt
Open Category: science, philosophy, standards, theory, physics I learn to improve the