How apt peruse test report ( full edition )

1. Blood
general remedial concern usually do is 3 large normal, which is inside the necessary medical records, especially in children with fever cold, suggest that you go to the hospital to test their own apply, to see see is not a virus infection, so doctors can avert the damage of antibiotics.
fingertip blood tests are generally the blood (peripheral blood over the past taken earlobe), including hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count and platelet count and assortment, in the English acronym said.

hemoglobin (HGB) for the normal 120-150g / L
leukocyte count (WBC) normal for the 4 × 109/L-10 × 109 / L
which neutrophils ( NEUT%) was 0.5-0.7
normal lymphocytes (LYM%) when 0.2-0.4
normal eosinophils (MXD%) normal for the 0-0.02
platelet (PLT) is normal 100 × 109/L-300 × 109 / L
HCT
mean corpuscular volume (MCV) for the 82-92fL
normal average hemoglobin concentration (MCHc) normal is 340-360g / L


clinical significance:

If HGB is lower than 120g / L, it means anemia exist, ought be beyond checkup is the nature of the anemia, if the HGB value is higher than 160g / L, probably because patients with higher hemoglobin concentration or blood is the reason, WBC pearly blood cells represent the body's barricade system is one major component, equivalent to the citizen army, a absolute boost in the total number (more than 10 × 109 / L), the extra namely inflammation, infection exists, many patients with fever omens at this time, whether the WBC count is also tall in the (30-50) × 109 / L or more, the patient is in kid or juvenile human, accompanied by more serious anemia can not be explained, amuse do not take it lightly, do bone marrow biopsy ought be further eliminate the likelihood of leukemia, leukocyte count fewer than 4 × 109 / L, may be accepted radiation, pills and viral infections caused along chemical poisoning. The proportion of neutrophils additional more than mean infection (principally bacterial infection) exist, lymphocytes additional more prevalent in chronic disease and receive long-term radiation exposure, eosinophil white blood compartments increased, there is often namely the body caused by allergens allergies exist, such for parasites (common roundworm), allergic abscess, allergic response and so aboard. PLT decrement, there may be bleeding, such as ITP so increased, that the blood is hypercoagulable state, prone to thrombosis.


red blood cell count (RBC) and hemoglobin (HGB) to reduce, to a diagnosis of anemia. Red blood cell volume by the size of giant cell anemia can be divided into small cell anemia and positive cell anemia. MCV (mean corpuscular volume) and MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) as the chief basis for classification.

2.

urine protein (PRO) was negative
normal urine (GLU ) negative
normal red blood cell (RBC) normal 0-1 / HP
leukocytes (LEU) normal 0-5 / HP
urate crystals (NIT)
ketone (KET) negative
regular urinary bile ingredient (UBG) ; qualitative: quantitative 1-4mg/24h
weak positive bilirubin (BIL) normal negative
Urinary occult blood (ERY) the proportion of the normal negative
(SG) ; normal clinical significance of 1.018

:

urinary tract infection, LEU often 30 to 50 / high power (normal value is negative: neg), PRO If accompanied by a large number of NIT, and ERY-positive (normal is neg) then hint for the urinary tract stones (secondary); GLU . Due to diabetes, more likely, or other parts of the urinary tract infection.


3. Blood gas and electrolytes (blood chemistry)

; normal reference values ​​
pH (PH) 7.35-7.45
carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) 35-45mmHg
partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) 75-100mmHg
bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) 21.3-27.3 mmol / L
sodium ions (Na +) 136-146mmol / L
potassium ions (K +) 3.5-5.5mmol / L
chloride ion (Cl-) 96-106mmol / L


Clinical Significance:

electrolyte imbalance may have metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis 4 cases. Blood PH (on behalf of pH) and HCO3-(bicarbonate ion) increased, is a sign of alkalosis. When alkalosis respiratory heart depression, hardship breathing, blood CO2 (carbon dioxide) amass result PaCO2 (prejudiced pressure of carbon dioxide) increased and PaO2 (oxygen partly pressure) decreased.

gastric beverage is wealthy in K + (K), Cl-(chloride) ions, K + caused by prevalent vomiting and detriment of CL-large, so that the serum K +, Cl-decreased. Metabolic alkalosis is caused, not breathing causes. Accompanied by serum K + and CL-reduced, it can be diagnosed as metabolic (cheap potassium chloride) alkalosis, immediate rehydration treatment line, replace lost K + and CL-, and correct the alkalosis, further changes to avoid the disease, serious consequences

4.


Projects liver function element normal reference values ​​
alanine aminotransferase (ALT) IU / L ; (1 ~ 38)
aspartate aminotransferase (AST) IU / L (8 ~ 40)
alkaline phosphatase (ALP) IU / L (100 ~ 275)
r-turn peptidase (GGT) IU / L (9 ~ 40)
total bilirubin Su (TBIL) umol / L (4 ~ 20)
direct bilirubin (DBIL) ; umol / L (0 ~ 7)

clinical significance:

ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), GGT (r-GGT), significantly higher results, reflecting liver dysfunction (damage), TBIL (total bilirubin) increased tips jaundice, caused by the biliary obstruction. Common causes of biliary stones, bile duct ascariasis, biliary cancer, biliary obstruction or pancreatic brain caused by tumor compression, caused by violations of common bile duct.

5. HB 2 on the half-test
normal
surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative
surface antibody ( anti-HBs) assured alternatively negative
e antigen (HBeAg) ; negative anti-HBe negative

core antibody ( anti-HBc) negative


clinical significance:


here refers to the positive is to check the hepatitis B antibody in hepatitis B virus antigen, hepatitis B virus infection should be referred to as signals, because of three antigens and antibodies and their corresponding three core antigen is usually not detected, only two varieties of detection antigen and three antibodies, two types of antigen is surface antigen (HBsAg), e antigen (HbeAg); three antibodies were the surface antibody (anti-HBs) core antibody (anti-HBc) and (anti-HBe). Found HbsAg, HbeAg and anti-HBc or

surface antibody or anti-HBs, hepatitis B infection is produced protective antibodies. When they ascertain anti-HBs positive only when there are several possibilities: First, the resumption in acute hepatitis. Anti-HBs negative HbsAg often occurs after a phase of time, sustainable for many years; second base that only surface antibody-positive, without a clear previous history of hepatitis B infection, but also shows the secret elapse have had HBV infection, disease has been cured, the virus has been cleared; the last is the outcome of hepatitis B vaccination. The intention of hepatitis B vaccine, it is wished to produce a protective antibody to hepatitis B hindrance purposes.

addition, a infrequent fulminant hepatitis, due to very strong immune response, this time the surface can produce high titer antibodies, but this may damage the body's immune hyperthyroidism, disadvantageous consequences, the occurrence of heavy hepatic necrosis leading to liver failure.

of HBsAg carriers teaching, employment, wedding, etc. What are the limits?

because of people not fully understanding of HBsAg carriers, as well as a number of HBsAg carriers in youngster education, employment, marriage, and even overseas have undergone a variety of issues. In truth, some problems are not so serious. HBsAg carriers account for approximately 10% of the total population in China, there is not deficit of them scientists, notable players and reputation for the country's altitude athletes. In addition to some studies, such as the Kindergarten Teachers, nurses, edible service industry endures, further education, employment, or overseas should not have too many restrictions. This is because hepatitis B infection is primarily through blood, and sometimes through saliva, semen, infection, exposure to journal life is generally less likely to spread to other people. As for marriage, as long as the other anti-HBs-positive, or HBsAg-positive, there is no common transportation problems. If all of the other HBV-negative, the proposed injection of hepatitis B vaccine after the marriage.

liver cells infected by the virus and the emergence of clear feedback to the virus, which is the body of a self-protective reaction. The result is a large number of virus is cleared, while the infected liver cells are being destroyed, elevated aminotransferases, and occasionally there will be elevated bilirubin (ie, jaundice). But this is often not completely clear, for the non-replicating state often can not kill the virus was latent state. When the body's immune system ebb, the virus begins copying afresh, infection of new liver cells and guide to a new immune onset. So repeated removal, havoc, and then cleared, then the process of erasure is the process of development of chronic hepatitis. With the clearance of virus in the blood, serum anti-HBe arose, HBeAg vanished, also from the Thus, from the even detected the virus in the blood.
Although the total hoping to



three-line-positive hepatitis B and liver mar are 2 different entities. Surface antigen (HBsAg), e antigen (HBeAg) and core antibody (anti-HBc) positive, commonly known as positive, the only show that the existence of hepatitis B virus in vivo, and the viral load is greater, but not equal to liver inflammation and damage to weight. Whether and the extent of liver damage can be looked simply to determine liver function test results, the more exact decrees should do liver biopsies.

has been the normal people, also known as hepatitis B virus carriers.

It is estimated that the world population carry the hepatitis B virus, about 215 million people, about 120 million know next to nothing of in China, Beijing nearly 60 million. People carrying hepatitis B virus is the hepatitis B virus which continued survival of the host, for the spread and incidence of hepatitis B melodrama an important character, has become a serious social problem. Asymptomatic HBsAg carriers was not really a Therefore, HBsAg carriers not donate blood, to observe good personal hygiene and public health, to develop good health habits, do not mingle with other toiletries. And bring people in near contact with hepatitis B virus, the hepatitis B vaccine injection in time, before they occur. Can

HBsAg and HBeAg negative?

patients with keen hepatitis B surface antigen and e antigen negative conversion is very high; yet HBSAg chronic hepatitis and negative carriers are few, only 1 in negative -2%. Existing drug did not make it go away. As for the HBeAg, over time, at least 50% of the people will be somber, and the production of anti a HBe. Existing antiviral drugs, such as interferon, Famciclovir and others have may have the e antigen negative. HBeAg converted to anti-HBe is testify of potential infection, indicating viral replication is not active. Hepatitis B surface antibody only when there is (anti-a HBS) positive, can be thought basically eliminated or completely eradicate the virus.

HBsAg and HBV risk women in childbirth, what?

risk can be summarized as with:

1. The greatest peril is to infants infected with hepatitis B, but for HB Soft carriers and chronic HBV infection to the newborn carriers the chance to be assorted. Has been reported, HBs and HB bordering to double-positive mothers of infants in the expulsion of the possibility of perinatal HBV infection was 70% hundred grumble, but pure single-HBs positive mothers of infants in the dismissal of the possibility of perinatal infection only 30%. Where perinatal infection -95%, 6% will amplify a chronic HBV carriers; early infancy infections, there it will transform chronic carriers of 30, while the adults become chronic carriers after infection, the proportion of only 5% to 10% . This entirely shows that during the neonatal period and infants infected with hepatitis B virus is most hazardous.

2. If the patient actually is a chronic HBsAg or HBV carriers, that is, she is not hiding the progress of chronic hepatitis. Liver cirrhosis, the pregnancy and the health of women through no big feud, if it is well-compensated liver function, chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis, which may occur after pregnancy, liver damage, ALT increase, or even jaundice , in childbirth, danger, such as postpartum hemorrhage and so on.

3. For the fetus, in early pregnancy, miscarriage may occur; in late pregnancy, fetal necrosis may occur, precocious birth, etc.; in the production of fetal rates may of Health and so on. Some of the on >
because HBV may be through the parent - infant, the mother - infant transmission of, for prenatal and postnatal care, fertility problems should be remedied cautiously.

pairs where one gathering is HBsAg positive and HBeAg positive or HBV -DNA positive,Gucci Shoes UK, contagious stronger or nipple semen, vaginal secretions may be catching, it should not be productive at this time, should actively carry out treatment, waiting for HBeAg or HBV-DNA negative conversion ahead considering pregnancy. If the other gathering exists have anti-HBs, that there is immunity, fertility can be considered at this time. However, high costs during pregnancy should be immune globulin injection, and time after birth and hepatitis B vaccine immune globulin injection high prices, this would block the mother - infant scatter. If the person is anti-HBs negative, then easily infected with HBV,Womens Gucci Sandals, the need for timely injection of hepatitis B vaccine, to be produced when sufficient anti-HBs consider fertility problems.

6. Lipids Check
; normal reference values ​​
triglyceride (TG) ; 0.4-1.86mmol / L
total cholesterol (TC) 3.89 -6.48mmol / L
low-density lipoprotein (LDLC) 0-4.14mmol / L
high-density lipoprotein (HDLC) ; 1.04-1.74mmol / L

steroids if the serum total bile reached or exceeded 5.72mmol / L, triglyceride reached or exceeded 1.70 mmol / L, respectively, can be diagnosed as If less than 0.91 mmol / L (35mg/dl) is a lipid metabolism disorder is also known as the


risk factors for coronary heart disease hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis is the major risk factor. Most of the serum total cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease in the 5.0-6.5 mmol / L, serum total cholesterol 4.5 mmol / L under the greater the likelihood of coronary heart disease, it reduced by 1% every, the risk of coronary heart disease can be reduced by 2%.
studies have shown that high triglycerides are risk factors for coronary heart disease. Although secondary or genetic factors can increase triglyceride levels, but most of the increase of serum triglycerides due to the metabolic syndrome.
low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is an important risk ingredient for coronary heart disease. Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels lower, the accident of atherosclerosis in the greater the risk.
low density lipoprotein cholesterol induced atherosclerosis is lipoprotein. Many studies suggest that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is the main reason for coronary heart disease, lowering LDL to the treatment, can reduce the immediate risk of heart disease 40%.

7. Diabetes Check

diabetes, is a common endocrine and metabolic diseases and frequently-occurring disease. Its incidence increases each annual in the globe can be classified as following the heart and cerebrovascular diseases, malignant disease the third largest disease. Because diabetes can likewise cause a kind of chronic complications, mortality is relatively high escalator this complication, a serious threat to person life and health; Therefore, the detection of diabetes is an important chapter, to early diagnosis and handling.

mainly through the detection of diabetes, blood glucose and urine sugar content.

1. Urine: (1) qualitative urine test: positive urine important hint for the diagnosis of diabetes, but diabetic patients with mild fasting or before meals can be negative, forever positive urine sugar after a repast, it can check urine 2 hours after meals ; elderly patients with urine examination can be negative. (2) quantitative determination of glucose in urine: quantitative determination of 24-hour urine treatment of diabetes can be observed.

2. Blood glucose: fasting blood glucose levels as frequently reached or exceeded 126mg/dl (7.0 mmol / l), tips diabetes.

3. Oral glucose tolerance test: diabetes suspicious, and fasting and postprandial blood glucose normal or slightly elevated, production sure not diagnosed in need of spoken glucose tolerance test. Methods: Fasting blood and oral administration of 100 grams (75 grams accustom in recent years, many foreign countries) glucose, were measured after serving 1 / 2, 1,2,3-hour glucose concentration, fasting plasma glucose concentrations. Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 125mg/dl, 1 / 2 小时 ≥ 200mg/dl, 1 小时 ≥ 190mg/dl, 2 小时 ≥ 150mg/dl, 3 小时 ≥ 125mg/dl, as an exception; where fasting, 1 / 2 or 1 hour , 2 hours and 3 hours 3 times more than four times in this standard, compared with diabetes, if approached or surpassed for the second normal glucose tolerance.

4. Determination of glycosylated hemoglobin: glycosylated hemoglobin content of normal human peripheral blood 4-6% of the total hemoglobin in patients with uncontrolled diabetes and its content 2-4 times higher than normal; when 2 months after the diabetes control can be reduced to normal or approach normal; Therefore, determination of glycated hemoglobin can be reactive in the past 2-3 months, the total change in blood sugar, assists to determine the degree of diabetes control.

diagnostic criteria for diabetes:
who were analyzed with typical symptoms of diabetes such as by repeat examination and correct diagnosis of diabetes can be.
diagnostic fasting plasma glucose fasting blood glucose <6.1mmol / L (110mg/dl) was normal; fasting plasma glucose 6.1mmol / L (110mg/dl)-6.9mmol / L (125mg/dl) by fasting plasma glucose Loss (IFG); fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0mmol / L (126mg/dl) for diabetes.
oral glucose tolerance test in diagnosis of 2-hour postprandial blood glucose <7.8mmol / L (140mg/dl) was normal; fasting blood glucose <7.0mmol / L, while the two-hour postprandial blood glucose 7.8mmol / L -11.0mmol / L as impaired glucose tolerance, 2-hour postprandial glucose ≥ 11.1mmol / L as diabetes.
8. The diagnosis of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia


for different gestational old / birth weight premature children jaundice standard recommended interventions ,35-36w / 2000-2500g to phototherapy in preterm children the standard is:
A. 24 hours of serum bilirubin levels ≥ 5mg/dl
B. 24 hours of serum bilirubin levels ≥ 7mg/dl

a non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia diagnosed

serum bilirubin levels in the diagnosis of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia an important indicator. In the first 4-5 days after birth, most newborns have an increased serum bilirubin peak period, from birth, umbilical ligature blood bilirubin 26μmol / L (1.5mg/dl) to 4-5 after birth day 102-205μmol / L (6-12mg/dl). Even under normal circumstances, serum bilirubin levels than adults. Adult bilirubin> 34μmol / L (2mg/dl) can see the skin, sclera jaundice, neonatal vein rich because, bilirubin> 86-120μmol / L (5-7mg/dl) before jaundice.
observation and testing should be a day neonatal jaundice were observed in the fitting nude normal light newborn, in most cases can be observed in early peel and sclera jaundice. Examiner with the thumb urgent hard parts of the body surface of the rind, such as: forehead, breast, or thigh, are mainly white endow to the observed latent skin yellow.

using skin reflectance measurements using transcutaneous bilirubin measure as a clinical assessment of jaundice in the nursery level of distinct way. Transcutaneous bilirubin measurements and serum bilirubin levels were well correlated, standardized technology and equipment can be used for screening of hyperbilirubinemia. Transcutaneous bilirubin meter measuring the correlation among serum bilirubin than non-whites in the white better.

clinical detection and measurement of bilirubin transcutaneous jaundice are accustomed full-term babies progress from the face downward, when the bilirubin level can be observed 6-8mg/dl scleral and facial jaundice, 137 -171μmol / L (8-10mg/dl) elbow and torso when the jaundice, jaundice was significantly lower extremity 171-205μmol / L (10-12 mg / dl) levels. See the whole body estimates of serum bilirubin jaundice in 205-256μmol / L (12-15mg/dl) level. Although this namely merely the most cursory assessment of neonatal jaundice because a day of detection, and often the competence to discover and acknowledge progress in hyperbilirubinemia. Conducive to early revelation, diagnosis and cater interventions and tracking. The premier day after birth abnormalities observed in jaundice, the need for timely appraisal and tracking. In the first 3-4 days after birth or at dismiss, showing a delicate jaundice, the bilirubin level for the average full-term newborns, in common nice, can no intervene. But it is essential to educate parents how to observe the baby jaundice.

addition to laboratory determination of total bilirubin and direct bilirubin (conjugated bilirubin), the clinical hyperbilirubinemia should be made on the comprehensive examination, including abdominal palpation Recalling his mother's blood group incompatibility and neonatal medical history and laboratory based, antibody titers and Coomb test results and household history of newborns, children, siblings or relatives in the history of the period of jaundice.


Second, the diagnosis of hemolytic disease of newborn

1. Rh hemolytic
Rh blood group incompatibility with the group of severe autoimmune hemolytic is one of the causes of hyperbilirubinemia, kernicterus is the common term for children. 16% of North American women are Rh negative, most of the D antigen negative. Rh hemolytic relatively rare in China. Rh-positive in the first delivery of neonatal hemorrhage due to placenta, the mother had Rh-positive fetus abortion, Rh negative mothers received a small measure of Rh-positive fetal cells in the blood. When these cells into the Rh-negative Rh-positive mother of wheels, the mother's immune system, the Rh-positive red blood cells to foreign antigen antibodies. The latter were exposed to Rh positive fetal cells in any subsequent Rh-positive fetus once the pregnancy, or in the same pregnancy, fetal cells through the placenta when the mother have increased anti-IgG antibody titer of the fetus, the mother anti-Rh-positive The IgG antibodies through the placenta and then to the fetus Rh-positive fetus's red blood cell destruction. Increase the motherly antibodies, fetal red blood cell antigens soon be recognized by circulating antibodies in the blood vessels inside and appearance to be destroyed and liquefied. The second pregnancy produced fetal intrauterine further hemolysis and hyperbilirubinemia. Severe cases, severe intrauterine anemia that results in high cardiac output heart failure, edema, edema of the fetus can be observed from the ultrasound.
can be used to measure the Rh antibody titer of Rh-negative mother's pregnancy monitoring after, ultrasound monitoring can browse hepatosplenomegaly and peripheral edema, and can be detected by abdominal amniocentesis in the presence of bilirubin in the amniotic fluid. The increase of bilirubin in the amniotic fluid, especially with ultrasound confirmed hepatosplenomegaly or edema,Cheap Gucci Shoes, the prognosis in critical need through the abdominal wall under ultrasound guidance in the red blood cell transfusion, as soon as likely if the fetus near the end of term pregnancy.

2. ABO blood team incompatibility hemolytic
ABO hemolytic disease is more common than Rh hemolytic disease, but after good. Almost all cases, the mother blood type is O, newborn blood type is A type or B type. Mother's anti-A or anti-B IgG, in late pregnancy or childbirth passively transported to the baby. With the spleen of antigen-antibody complex to nail and exclusion, early and rapid fetal hemolysis. Because the fetal red blood cells per hundred only near 7500-8000A or B antigen attachment points (compared to adult 15000-20000). Antibody on the adhesion of fetal cells is not cozy, and not be completely destroyed. Antigen-antibody in fetal cells of the small number of attachment points can make a direct Coomb test weakly positive or even negative. Although 25% of pregnant women have a potential ABO blood group incompatibility, only a minority (10-15%) newborns Coomb test was positive. In the want of positive antibody results, could not validation the diagnosis of neonatal hemolysis. Because not all of the ABO blood group incompatibility can lead to neonatal hemolysis, confirming the diagnosis must be direct or oblique Coombs test or release test antibody positive results.

In short, all mothers in the prenatal and hospital allocation should be done before the ABO blood group and Rh blood type checks, if the mother is Rh negative nature, should determine the titer of Rh antibodies to determine the production and productivity through time , the post-emergency treatment. If the mother's blood type is O-or Rh-negative, neonatal ABO blood group and Rh should check blood; blood group incompatibility, should be screened for the antibody, in addition to direct anti-human globulin test (Coombs), the serum antibody free newborns test positive that the body has antibodies are not necessarily allergic, can not serve as basis for the diagnosis and antibody tests confirmed the release of red blood cells have been sensitized infants, diagnosis was created.

suspected neonatal hyperbilirubinemia due to hemolysis,Gucci Shoes Sale, in addition to serum bilirubin, we must also check the hemoglobin, hematocrit, reticulocyte count, red blood cell morphology. Rh hemolytic for cases of extremely suspected, swiftly after birth, umbilical cord blood specimens do hemoglobin, hematocrit and bilirubin determination. ABO hemolytic suspicious cases, cord blood do not check, because ABO hemolytic seldom cause significant birth, jaundice and anemia.

Third,Gucci Wallet UK, the prediction of hyperbilirubinemia

clinical jaundice can be the first time in days and the subsequent rate of increase of serum bilirubin, recommending the possible clinical way and high the degree of hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin is dissipated after the tarry. For instance, for non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia in normal neonates the highest rate of mushroom in bilirubin 85μmol/L.d (5mg/dl.d), or 3.24μmol/L.h (0.2mg / dl.h). The first day after birth, jaundice or apparent to the nude eye among 48 hours after birth, bilirubin level ≥ 171μmol / L (10mg/dl), bilirubin increased faster than the normal range, it is possible with some of the pathological factors of potential . Assessment of the growth rate of bilirubin can be estimated in the next 12-24 hours, the level of bilirubin may be. Most cases, if the newborn within the first 24 hours of observation of obvious jaundice, serum bilirubin level of ≥ 103μmol / L (6mg/dl), and the growth rate of bilirubin than 3.24μmol/L.h ( 0.2mg/dl.h), repeated every 8 hours should be resolute until the bilirubin level of permanence, or to interfere with standard treatment. During this time, not sure if alive jaundice, clinically based on the initial bilirubin level and the growth in the studio for further thinking and diagnosis of potential causes.

end-expiratory carbon monoxide (end-tidal CO corrected for ambient CO ETCOc) is to monitor the endogenous CO produced good arrow. Heme from aging red blood cells and proteins produced by hemoglobin, the heme by heme oxygenase into biliverdin unlock process of CO, per mole of heme metabolism in a will have a number of additional mole CO. Clinically severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, monitoring the generation of endogenous CO could be more intuitive prediction of serum bilirubin generation.

counting, deserving to obstruction of various causes of liver disease can also happen in the neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Diagnosis requires the resolve of total bilirubin and straight bilirubin. Direct bilirubin higher than the 17.1-26μmol / L (1.0-1.5mg/dl), particularly in the days or weeks after birth, the straight bilirubin proceeded to increase, and the need for differential diagnosis should be suspected. In rule, all infants should be contained in the total bilirubin bilirubin and direct bilirubin. Rapid resolve of total bilirubin mini blood only for track conditions should be determined if direct bilirubin.


9, stool examination





10, ######ually transmitted diseases, check





11, forgery system-related hormones







12, vaginal examination

13, thyroid function tests




14, cervical examination
[project appoint] vaginal cytology of a cervical tarnish
by taking vaginal or cervical secretions, exfoliated cells acquired after the smear,Womens Gucci Pumps, and through handbook observation or through the microcomputer scan analysis to check the fashion of vaginal or cervical cells, with the aim of detection and diagnosis of cervical cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, very early changes in detection and diagnosis of human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus infection, detection and diagnosis, such as drip moth vaginitis, fungal vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis and other microbial infections, determination of ovarian function.

[contraction] C tablets, V-chip, CCI, TCT

[reference] normal range, and no abnormality was found

[clinical significance]
1. Detection and diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginitis, fungal vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis and other microbial infections, according to diagnosis of symptomatic treatment.
2. Can be found in the human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus infection.
3.
4.
5.
6.