[butterfly effect] [phenomenon] [Frog] [catfish crocodile law herding effect] [] [] hedgehog rules ; [watch Law]
broken windows theory [] [] [twenty-eight law bucket theory] [Matthew] [] [the responsibility to scatter the logic cage effect] [Parkinson's Law]
[Halo effect] [effect] [Hawthorne studied helplessness test witness memories] [] [] [Rosenthal effect of artificial share deviation]
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[butterfly effect]
butterfly effect: the 1970s, an American meteorologist labeled Lorenz system theory in the interpretation of air, said the Amazon rain forest a butterfly vibration of the wings sometimes, maybe two weeks can cause a tornado in Texas.
butterfly effect is that very small changes in initial conditions continue to enlarge after its future status will cause a very big difference. Some small things can be confusing, and some small things such as amplified by the system, then an organization, a country is very important, can not be confused.
today's business, its fate also by the Consumers increasingly believe that emotion, so the brand purchaser,
Womens Lacoste Trainers New, shopping environment, the attitude of ... ... the value of these intangible factors will be their choice. So long as a little attention, we can lightly see that some management practices, work well in their enterprise philosophy will arise in this sentence:
name of the customer, the only one not satisfied, so you can be proud that only 1% of the failure, but for the customer, he got in return was 100% satisfied.
today, allow companies to change the fate of the The emergence of competition and other news vehicles, sit and worry-free corporate monopoly growing potential of micro and open competition so that enterprises must think all the latent factors that influence development.
streamlining their unions, officials laid off, the abolition of welfare housing and other amounts to qualify more and more human away from the traditional security, emulated along on their own to judge the fate. The organizational and personal freedom combined result is: who can arrest the useful life of the
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phenomenon] [Frog
frog phenomenon: a frog into peppery water instantly into the kettle, because of its harmful responses are very sensitive environment, will speedily bound out the pot outside. If you put a frog into a pot of chilly water and slowly heated, the frog will not immediately bound out the pot, the water temperature gradually increased the ultimate result is to be boiled frog is dead, because the water temperature so high that the frog can not stand, it has also late, or that there is no ability to bound out the pot outside.
frog phenomenon tells us that a number of evolution events, they often cause people to cautious, and prone to cause people to decease but it is in the feel-good case, the gradual deterioration of the tangible situation, there is no clear notice.
One revelation: the survival of our organization and a important threat to society, not from sudden events but by slow, gradual and imperceptible process of formation. Short-sighted people, only to see local, and can not see the big picture, for the sudden alteration, you can calmly face the major changes occurring quietly, but can not find, and ultimately will send us even more serious damage! ~
Second revelation is: frog, as if the blues in our lives, we must look to the future, hard thinking to new problems, eager to learn new knowledge, not the with wine, drunk today
Implications of the three is: Today's society is a knowledge outbreak, quick, knowledge also need to constantly update, so we should not blindly obsessed with the status quo, complacent, lazy, so go on, will certainly be excluded at all timess, there will be faced with the risk of unemployment!
Insight 4: we do not simply, only the face of sudden danger, the neglect of that tiny little slow and dangerous, because little of the kind of slow and small dangerous, is the most horrible!
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[law] crocodile
crocodiles rule: its ambitious is to imagine that a crocodile bite your feet if you hand to try to break your foot, crocodile will bite your feet and hands . The more you struggle, it was the more bite. In the event that crocodile bite your feet, your only way is to mash one foot.
example, in the stock market, crocodiles rule is: when you find yourself trading a departure from the direction of the market, must stop immediately, without any lag, shall not have any fortune.
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effect [catfish]
ago, sardines, cheap survival rate during transmission. After it was found that, if put in a sardine in a catfish, the situation is somewhat amended, the survival rate will be greatly enhanced. This is why it?
Had catfish in to a curious environment, will be to the stirring; and sardines found in more than a This problem is solved oxygen sardines, and sardines, will not dead.
When an organization working to achieve a more stable state, often means lower employee motivation, An organization, if there is always a
It is manifested in two aspects, one company to continuously add fresh blood, those vibrant, quick-witted young force into the workforce and even management, to those who recess on its laurels, conservative and bureaucratic laziness employees to bring competitive pressures to heave The second is to constantly introduce new technologies, new processes, new equipment, new management notions, so as to enable enterprises to fighting the tide waves in the market, enhance survivability and malleability.
catfish effect on the application, there are catfish in effect in the application of human resource management, leadership activities in the application, specifically including the establishment of a competitive machinery, capable of prologue, leading style changes, etc.. But I believe that catfish effect analysis and application of many more. Thinking of different perspectives, nail problems, solve the problem is different.
First, if the catfish body on behalf of the leader.
leaders inspire others to complete missions that the individual or collective, in the die sardine carton,
New Lacoste Trainers High Top, a character of a group of sardines on a highly homogeneous group, their capability level similar to , lack of innovation and initiative, overstaffing, inefficiency, the whole body is a swollen state, the arrival of the leader catfish (or internal sardines evolved catfish), new broom sweeps clean, straighten out penalty , normative systems, the transformation process, the logical delivery of jobs and people, financial, substance, and gradually the business organization has been promotion, cut corners prices, simplify the bloated body, incapable of sardines to be eaten, and pedaled away, there are ability of sardine has been a positive provocation, such a thriving scene showing the entire organization, a leader in the catfish under the leadership of the organization's vitality has been mustered, so that the collective power of more powerful, dominate the mart, maintain market have a solid basis.
From this perspective, catfish leader should have the following characteristics:
1 - act decisively, resolutely: rapid detection of ailment where the stagnant organization, and able to cut the Gordian node, quickly and effectively solve the problem.
2 - their words, a lusty neatness of work: technological decision-making, and to oversee the implementation of the decision-making, timely appraisal of the effectiveness of policies.
3 - promoting innovative, results-oriented: to enhance innovation, build an atmosphere that encourages innovation, from business processes, job design, staff recruitment and configuration, wage devise and appraisal, etc. reflect the innovative fancies, reflecting the innovative Lee.
4 - need for achievement, forward-looking vision: a short-and long-term development plans and objectives, to forecast the direction of organizational development and existing and future human resource breach, which can effectively identify future talent, slit out haul is not suitable for development of the organization staff.
5 - the system perspective, the spunk to change: the aptitude to scrutinize from within and outside the organizational changes in the framework and feature of the system, not only regard ourselves as part of an organization (as disapproved to a fisher, catfish leaders themselves sardines, fisherman is the leader), and should see itself as a leader in small systems, they can bring the staff open up the situation, to damage the routine, to achieve good results.
for the leader under the leadership of the skirmish for a prevalent goal of employee groups, if the leader has catfish features, then the way to survive is in film, to stimulate their energy, at least synchronized to the speed and catfish, and to ensure the same direction (business objectives), so as not to be eaten catfish grab up, or pushed by other sardines last suffocated.
Second, if the catfish on behalf of a crew.
then it method that new, strange, different, including different views, different behavior, different habits, because different, will inspire knowledge, a team needs different personalities, different skills, work experience of different people to connect, if you are all-employee, then the team produce imaginative, to produce high performance is svelte. Focus on team building, communication and team exertion today, due to attract catfish to join the team, will bring the whole team working atmosphere and lively, bringing innovation to bring win-win. However, the number of catfish should be controlled, full of catfish, the whole team will be there, the whole team foul, so some Japanese companies believe in the truth. From this perspective, the team should focus on healthy catfish molecular communication, influence the shape, the team remedied the other workers in the catfish, it should work on the foundation of their cooperation.
Again, if the catfish content of the work on behalf of people in high spirits.
Now in many companies, organizational structure and work process re-engineering of the design is still to become a major issue, unreasonable, boring, no prospects, monotonous boring job content so that people feel crowded like a bucket of dirt small fish, as there is no passion, not willing to post more, think more improvements, which slowly formed a collective inertia. If the job enlargement, enrichment of the catfish effect applied to the work design (Jobdesigning), and that the organization's financial contribution is apparent. How restless, passionate catfish into the backwater of the work as well? This is a difficult science, it was debated from the horizontal and vertical expansion of the range of work, work to deepen the content, so that employees who experience a wealth of work activities, work experience achievements, so that they reflect the face of challenging, inciting work when excitement and desire; disputed the way the use of growth rotation of staff ability, so that they work more catfish swim joy; I maintain that the application of these measures, while also focusing on matching people with jobs personality, catfish will to do things catfish, sardines sardines on to do things, have situations in both the work content of catfish should work with the content of sardines, the most important thing is to find staff preferences, look at those work that allows them to produce power and passion catfish, and only after the mate, catfish effect can really play its character, or set up a catfish though the content of work, but can not find this kind of work the staff was very moving, fighting, then this catfish has become a dead fish.
From this outlook, the work of the catfish's work on behalf of rich content, it is exciting Zequan Li, challenging job expectations, job experience, and so fresh the other. For chairmen and human resource managers, if at work setting catfish work, at what class to set the work of catfish, will be an organization's tactics.
amount up, from a different point of view,
Womens Lacoste Shua Trainers, the representative of the content of catfish are different, for a practitioner, leadership may be catfish, then your best efforts to maintain the same direction and organization, Do not swim back, otherwise the risk of being eaten, always full of passion to the upwards and perhaps one day you become a catfish to catch up fighting a group of sardines; your colleagues may be catfish, it and his Competition Competition to see who churn more energy; your subordinates may also have catfish, it is to motivate subordinates to grow in the meantime, do not forget to give yourself enrich my knowledge, maintain a strong development impetus, or you have under the risk of being eaten; your work may also have catfish, it is reasonable to prepare their own work, prioritizing work for catfish swim more joy, the best to stir up work on some level .
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[herding]
herding: sheep where to go, where to go behind the sheep to follow.
herding was first equity investment in a term primarily refers to the subsistence of investors in the transaction process of knowledge and sham phenomenon, traded among a definite duration of time the same stock.
herding theory (The Effect of Sheep Flock)
a mallet placed horizontally in front of a flock of sheep, the first sheep jumped in the quondam, second only to , and a third will follow the jump; this time, stick to the restriction of Flanagan, behind the sheep, came here, still the same as the sheep in front, jump up, even though the mallet has gone highway, which is called The Refers to the management of some companies on the market behavior is a common phenomenon. It is due to not enough message and lack of understanding, be difficult to market uncertainty about the future of the reasonable expectations, often by observing the behavior of people approximately the extraction of information, the consecutive transmission of this information, Many of the same information and mutually reinforcing, resulting in herd behavior.
herd behavior in the field of behavioral finance is more typical of a phenomenon, the fashion of fiscal theory can not unravel. Economics often use Sheep is a very radiated organization, usually with left and right is blind to buffet, but once a sheep to move, the other will without hesitation herd sheep, entirely ignoring the wolf or near the front may have better at the grass. Therefore, the
herding as a general in a very competitive industry, but also the manufacture leader on a (leader) occupied the major attention, then the whole flock will proceed to emulate the leader's each migrate, the leader go
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[law] hedgehog
hedgehogs rule: two slumberous hedgehog, as cold and owned together. Because their body can have long thorns, so they left some distance, but can not stand the cold, then get together. After a array of two hedgehog finally found a suitable distance: both get each other's warm and will not be binding.
hedgehog law mainly refers to interpersonal relationships in the
French President Charles de Gaulle is a very people who will use the hedgehog rules. He had a motto: This is also profoundly affected him and consultants, think tanks and the staff of their relationship. In his ten years of presidential years, his Secretariat, General Office and the General Staff and other personal consultants and think tanks, no one's working life can be more than two years. His newly nominated king of staff forever say: requirements. This provision for two reasons: First, in his view, mobility is normal, but fixed is not normal. This is a practice by the coerce of impact, because the legion is mobile, and not all fixed in one place the army. Second, he did not want This indicates that de Gaulle is a major decision on their own thinking and the survival of the leader, he does not allow side there is always inseparable from the people. Only to mobilize in order to maintain a certain distance, and only maintain a certain distance in order to ensure the consultants and staff with fresh thinking and decision, and full of vitality, it can discourage the course of time the consultants and senior staff who use the name of the President and the Government malpractice.
Charles de Gaulle's approach is thought-provoking and admirable. No sense of distance, making the leadership of the secretary or an over-reliance on a few people, and the resource persons from interference in domestic affairs, and thus make the name of these people under the guise of leadership, seeking selfish interests, and finally pulled into the water leading cadres, the consequences are very dangerous. Comparing the two, or maintain a certain distance is good.
sometime president of General Electric Company's attention on the work Stone individually hedgehog theory, particularly in medium and senior managers on the deal even more. Treatment in the workplace and on the issue, Stone never mean for managers of care, but in their baby boom, he never asked managers to guest home,
Lacoste Observe Strap Trainers, never to accept their invitation. It is this distance to maintain an appropriate management of the business to make common Zhimakaihua steadily high. And employees to maintain a certain distance, not make you high above, nor will you be confused with the identity of employees. This is one of the best administered state. To maintain the distance by certain principles to maintain this principle of equal treatment for all: either leaders themselves bound, can also constrain employees. Grasp this principle, also mastered the mystery of successful management.
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[Law]
watch
watch Law: Law is a watch with a chart, you can know it is a few minutes, and when he has two not creature able to resolve. Two tables and can not tell a more accurate time, so they will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time.
watch statute in business management gives us a very intuitive inspiration, is the same person or an organization can not use two different methods, can not set two different goals, even every individual can not be two people to simultaneously command, or will the business or personal loss.
story
monkeys and table a group of monkeys live in the forest, when the sun mushrooms every day they go out foraging, when the sun back to rest, day flies flat and well-being.
a tourist via the forest to see a tree fall ashore the rocks, was a monkey Smart Meng tin be
do the Monkey King's Hard work pays off,
but When a subordinate to ask the time, After some time, the monkeys were revolted, the But soon, the new monkey is also facing
This is the famous More people watch and can not tell time more accurately, but will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time.
watch law gives us a very intuitive inspiration:
for anyone one thing, can not set two assorted goals, they will make a wastage ; for a human can not prefer among two alter values, or his action would be in confusion.
a person can not be more than two people to mandate, or will the people know what to do; for a business, it is not in the meantime using two different methods of management, or will the business can not be development.
In this adore USA Online and Time Warner merger is a typical failure case. AOL is a young Internet company, corporate mores emphasizes operating flexibility, rapid decision-making, fast to seize the markets require that all of the target service. Time Warner in the development process to build long-term emphasis on the honesty of the Road and innovative corporate civilization.
two companies after the merger, senior corporate management did a good solution to two kinds of values conflicts with the staff completely confuse the company's future development intention. Finally, Time Warner and AOL century wedding finished in failure. It also indicates that, to find out the time, an accurate time table would be sufficient.
merely choice you think is right
two tables and can not tell a more accurate time, but will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time . You must do is to choose the more reliable one, try to calibrate it and use it as your standard, follow its guidelines.
Nietzsche's prominent saying: Choose what you love, love your choice However, the problems many people is that they are
there are people on the environment or others under pressure,
Lacoste Running Trainers, against his own choice did not like the road, and thus depressed for life. Even if the subject made great achievements, but also never felt the joy of success.
In real life, we often encounter a similar location. Such as two elective lessons are you interested in, but instructing time coincidence, and you do not have enough stamina to learn the two courses, this time it's hard to choose. In the face of two equally good, equally enamored of your boys, you will certainly upset a long time, I do not know how to do a determination.
career, situations, dispose no clear champion of the two elements, you will go from here? Every crossroads in life, we must face the
choice in the face of clash, we suggest using The so-called
Psychological research shows that Maybe you can not narrate a remove reason, but by the psychological subconscious, below natural circumstances can make the best decision to encounter the needs of individual psychology. Here that the subconscious, in truth, we often say the first impression.
gist concept: more choices, more standards will make people muddled.
Application Tips: clear goals, without interference; know how to choose the place is put.
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[broken windows theory]
broken windows theory: a house if the windows broke, not 1 to mend, soon separated, other windows will be broken somehow; a wall, if I were you some graffiti be bathed, and soon, the walls covered with a muddle, unsightly thing; a very wash area, people embarrassed catching out the litter, merely once on the ground with waste appears, people will not hesitate to discard, did not feel ashamed.
1
broken windows theory, also known as the Some people believe that this theory is the 19th century French economist Bastiat as the target of objection and summed up, reflected in its well-known article The Hazlitt said that if a child broke the window, people will inevitably lead to replacement of broken window glass, which would make the installation of glass and cup production were started to promote social employment.
here, scholars to illustrate the child's behavior and the government's actions could have consequences, which completely negative the Keynesian government intervention. The unlock of this misbelief in the torrent, let's, earthquakes, let's at warfare, it seems very appropriate.
broken windows theory 2
broken skylight effect, too called a window is broken, if it were not for repaired, will lead apt extra broken windows, and even plenary creating was demolished. Wilson from the American political scientist and criminologist Kerin observation synopsis of the
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[twenty-eight law]
twenty-eight law (Pareto's law): the late 19th early 20th century Italian economist Pareto that in any group of things, and only one of the most important small, about 20%, nevertheless the majority of the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. About 80% of social asset is concentrated in the hands of 20%, while 80% of people with only 20% of the social wealth. This statistical imbalance in the social, economy and life everywhere, this is the Pareto rule.
Pareto rule tells us, do not mean to examine, process and look at the issues, business and treatment to collar the decisive few; to ascertain out who can invest 80% of the profits, the aggregate capacity was only 20% of opener clients to enhance services to accomplish a multiplier effect; business leaders to work seriously on the classification thinking, are the principal energy to solve the main problem, converge on major projects.
20% ------------------ 80% of people who successfully unsuccessful
20% of the people with more money -------- neck 80% of the cervix to make money
20% of people positive meditative -------------- 80 % of negative meditative
20% of people are buying time ---------------- 80% of the selling time
; 20% of people looking for a good employee ---------- 80% of people find a good job
20% of people prevail others ------- ------- 80% of people dominated by people who do
20% ---------------- 80% of affair done
20% of people do merit experience -------------- 80% of people together magnitude to schooling
20% of people think that movements have results ------ 80% of people think that knowledge is power
20% of people how do I make money ------ only 80% of people I want to how rich I do
20% of people adore to investment ---------------- 80% of people adore shopping
20% of people targeted ---------------- 80% of people love Xia Xiang
20% of people find answers in the question - ------- 80% of people find the answer in question
20% of people in long-term perspective ------------ 80% of the instant
20% of people the opportunity -------------- 80% of people missed the chance
20% of people arrange for the future -------------- 80% of the morning just like today, why
20% of the successful experience of people by acting -------- 80% of people along to their own wishes
20% of the people to do simple things ---------- 80% of people do not want to do simple things
; 20% morrow, things to do today ------ 80% of people do today what tomorrow
20% of people how to do ---- -------- 80% of people can not do
20% to 80% of people taking notes ---------------- Forgetfulness is a good
20% of people who were affected by the success -------- 80% of people affected by the failure
20% people in good -------------- 80% of the bad attitude
20% of people believe they will succeed ------- ------- 80% of people do not absence to change the environment
20% of people will not compliment, encourage -------------- 80% not abusive, criticizing
20% of people will insist -------------- 80% of people would give up
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[theory] barrel
barrel theory: the makeup of the embark if the barrel length of lacking, then the bucket containing water is not dependent on the longest chip of wood, but on the shortest That piece of wood.
bucket effect is like a bucket full of water, must be the same each board flush with no mar, if it were not for in a wooden barrel or a missing stop of wood below the hole, this barrel can not be fraught with water. Is that a bucket can be How much water does not depend on the longest piece of wood, but on the shortest piece of wood. Also known as short-board effect. A bucket, no matter how high, its water storeroom is highly dependent on where the lowest piece of wood.
also known as bucket conviction or theory of a short board, short board bucket management theory, the so-called the amount of water, does not depend on the maximum piece of wood Tongbi, but prefer depends on the shortest piece Tongbi. According to this core content, Second, by the time the bucket, there are a sufficient height, a bucket of water can not be full.
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[Matthew]
Matthew: , be taken away. Its name comes from the Bible,
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[logic]
cage
a pretty bird trap hanging in the chamber where the most prominent place, a few days, the employer will make one of the retinue two options: throw away the trap, or put behind to buy a bird in the imprison. This is the logic cage. The process is simple, imagine you are the owner of the room, at all times people entered the room and saw the cage, it will not aid but ask you: reserve off birds. Cage rational reason is simple: most of the time is to take the inertia of thinking. So seen in the life and work amplify logical thinking is very important.
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diffusion of responsibility effect
[]
1964 年 3 月 13 日夜 3 时 20 points, outside of an room in New York before a man named Juno young women than pearly bar at the end of the way home from work between the assassination. When she cried in despair: When anything is silence, the killer returned to guilt. When she screamed, the handy dwellers and opened the lights, the attackers then fled. When she has nothing to do, go back to their home upstairs, the killer once again in front of her, annihilate her on the stairs. In the process, even although she shouted for help, her neighbors, at least 38 to the window to watch, but no one to salvage her, no one even called the police. This caused a stir in New York society, but also preoccupied the attention of social psychologists and thinking. It is considered a large number of bystanders neglecting the phenomenon known as diffusion of responsibility effect.
for the diffusion of liability effect the formation of the reasons a lot of tentative psychologists and examine results found that: this phenomenon can not just say everyone's heartless, or moral decay of the representation additional. Because on different causes, acts of aid that people truly are different. When a person in an emergency situation,
Lacoste Strap Trainers, if only he can provide help, he would apparently aware of their responsibilities, assistance to the martyrs. If he refused to produce feelings of crime, feelings of crime, which requires disbursing a high psychological amount. If the presence of so many people, the responsibility for seeking help from the people to share, resulting in fragmentation of responsibility, the responsibility of each person to share very few beholders and even that may not even his own sense of a responsibility not to produce an How to break this situation, this is a psychologist working on an important issue.
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[Parkinson's Law]
well-known British historian of North Goode Parkinson through long-term research, jot a paperback called In his paperback, agent workers explained the reasons for and consequences of inflation: an incompetent official, may be 3 ways, first is the petition for resignation, the seat give able people; second is to allow a capable person to facilitate their work; third appointment of two levels lower than they were when the co-worker. This first direction is absolutely Zou Bude, for that would lose many rights; second way can not go, because that would be learned of their antagonists; seems that only a third course most suitable. As a result, two mediocre acolyte sharing his work, he is high on orders, they will not pose a threat to their rights. Since the inability of two assistants, they are profession the shots, then two more for his inability to find an co-worker. So on, to fashion a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling with each other, inefficient leadership system.
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[Halo effect]
famous Russian scholastic giant Pushkin Zengyin role halo effect underwent a great deal. He was fanatically in love with is called the Natan Li looks unbelievable, but with different aisle sub-Puhi Kim Ji. When the time to write verse Pushkin peruse to her time. She always said, clutching his ears: duel death, so a scholastic star fall headlong. In Pushkin, a beautiful woman is bound to have great wisdom and noble role, whatsoever, is not the case, a phenomenon known as the halo effect.
so-called halo effect, that is, interpersonal communication, people who museum the characteristics of a particular facet, cover the other functions, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In annual life, For instance, some older people to young people's individual failings, or clothe, habits and repulsion, they consider they have to have agreeable because naught; some young people a thing approximately the admiration of friends, you will look him everywhere cute, so-called The halo effect is a sweeping subjective psychological assumption, the mistake is: First, it is easy to grab the individual characteristics and habits of individual shove and general, for Mangrenmoxiang as a point on behalf of the face; second It is not intrinsically linked to some identity or physical characteristics associated with, the assertion that such features are jump to have other characteristics; Third, it definitely said yeah to entire, that wrong on always the negative, which is a utter domination by the tendency of subjective prejudice. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a great psychological impact on people with cognitive impairment, we have contacts to try to lest and conquer the side effects of the halo effect.
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Hawthorne effect [a]
psychological experimenter effect. 1920s and 1930s, U.S. researchers at the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne factory's going conditions, social ingredients and relations of production efficiency experimenter effect base in experiments, said the Hawthorne effect.
first period of the experiment in November 1924 from the starting of the working conditions and productivity of the relationship between the test group and control group. Results regardless of increase or control illumination in the experimental group yields are rising, and the same illumination output of the control group also increased. In appending, tests of the wages paid, the coffee break time, the length of daily and weekly number of days of work and other factors, these conditions can not see a straight impact on production efficiency. The second phase of the trial by the U.S. Mayo led Harvard professor, focuses on social factors and the relationship between production efficiency, and found that production efficiency is mainly caused by the experimenter in the spirit has undergone colossal changes. Participate in the trial of the operators were placed in special studio researchers led by their social conditions changed, been a matter of concern, creating a feeling of participating in the trial, that he is an important part of the company, so workers From a social point of view aspects are motivated to promote increased production.
This effect tells us that when students or their consideration or attention by the public, the learn and would greatly addition the efficiency of communication. Therefore, in our daily lives to learn to get along with others, comprehend what variety of behavior is adopted by students and teachers and appreciation, and we can only live and learn and continually amplify their good behavior, it may be more people's attention and gratitude, but also can make our learning progress, full of confidence!
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learned helplessness experiments] [
earliest effects of learned helplessness Xili Krugman Ofer Kashmir and found later in animal and human studies have been widely discussed. Simply put, many experiments show that trained dogs can cross the barriers or engage in other behavior to avoid the impact the experimenter joined to it. However, if the dogs are not expected (do not know when to come) and can not be controlled by electric shock (such as interruption of cordless shock or not does not rely on the dog's behavior), when the dog was a chance to escape electric shock, they become was unable to run. Moreover, the dogs also showed other defects, such as frustration and depression, reduced motivation and so on.
dog show why this situation is due early in the experiment learned a sense of helplessness. In other words, they recognize that no matter what their own can not control the termination shock. In each experiment, the shock is terminated under the control of the experimenter, and the dog will recognize their inability to change the external control, to learn a sense of helplessness.
person who had academic helplessness, has transform a deep despair and sorrow. Therefore, we should study and life in their eyes open a mini and see the real memorabilia back the determinants do not make our own despair.
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[witness]
witness's memory, in our understanding of where, routinely to provide some objective testify, that is his own witness and listen something truly people who talk out. However, psychological research shows that the proof of many witnesses are not very precise, or that is a personal favorite, with personal views and awareness.
witness testimony of their confidence and their testimony can not determine the accuracy of the results of this study is startling. Mrs fees can be special and psychologist Howard Springs decided to make this conclusion more in-depth research. In order to investigate whether the testimony of witness something special, they will witness's memory and the memory of general knowledge were likened.
they allow to be shown a short video is about the kidnapping of a girl. The afterward day, to answer some of the content of the video in answer, and inquired them to tell their own level of confidence to answer, then do a admission memory test. Next, using the same method, the content of renowned literature from the encyclopedia and general knowledge of chose issues.
and the same occurred ahead, Perot fares can be special and Howard Springs also found that the precision of the witness on the memories of those confident of their responses than those who do not actually have no positiveness people smarter, but for general wisdom, the situation is not the circumstance, people with high confidence in memories of people who score better than the absence of confidence.
people in the general knowledge of the strengths and disabilities with self-knowledge. Therefore, tend to adjust their test results for the confidence scale. General knowledge is a database, is shared between individuals, it has recognized the correct answer, subjects can measure themselves. For instance, people will know the issue of whether in amusements or nearly better than others. However, the event witnessed the impact from such self-knowledge. For example, on the whole, than others, they are unthreaten to know the participants in the memory of the incident in cilia color better or worse.
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[effect]
Rosenthal Rosenthal, American psychologist, who in 1968 conducted a famous experiment. Them to a basic co-optation in the three sixth grade classes of children making a fuss of the In fact, this menu is not resolute according to test results, but randomly selected. It is based on Eight months later, intelligence tests and found again on the account of the general improvement in student achievement, teachers also gave them good moral conduct reviews. This experiment has achieved amazing results, it is considered by teachers to students the shrewd psychological effects, so that teachers expect students to achieve the progress of the phenomenon, known as the Pygmalion (Pygmalion was the chief of Cyprus in Greek mythology, he produced the sculpture of a girl love for his ultimate desire to make this sculpture into a real person, the two catch on).
educational train also shows that: if a teacher like some of the students, they will have high expectations, after a period of time, students feel the teachers care, love and encouragement; often a positive attitude towards teachers towards learning and their behavior towards the students more self-esteem, confidence, self-love, self-induce a positive enthusiasm, these students often expect teachers to get progress. In compare, teachers who are ignored, distinguished against students from the teacher's discourse over time, behavior, facial statements feel the teacher's requirements; these students often worse day by day, and finally become the bad units of society. Despite some exceptions, but the trend is that, meantime it also sounded the agitate for teachers.
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[false]
share deviation
we usually believe that our love is the same with most people. If you like to activity calculator games, then it is likely to overestimate the digit of people like microprocessor games. You will usually overestimate the students to poll for their favorite numbers, overestimate their own group's prestige and mastery, and so on. This overestimation of your behaviors and attitudes have the same preference digit of features is called the Some factors that may affect your share of this false bias strength:
(1) When an outer attribution was stronger than internal attribution;
(2) new behavior or events when a person is very important;
(3) When you are quite sure of their point of outlook, or deem that while;
(4) When your status all butme kind of normal life and learning are intimidated;
(5) When it comes to a positive the quality or individuality;
(6) When you and other people as when they are similar.
No stuff what career you study , how many you
Hybrid Mode
