pipeline construction plans
reading the first chapter
1. Design specifications, heating branch shall less than DN20.
2. insulation standard practice water: anti-condensation insulation, hot water: thermal insulation, fire: do not heat,
chilled water: not even have to be holding valve cooling water: according to design requirements,
tory burch zip wallet, no requirements can not be. General ceiling insulation is required in the pipeline.
Water Supply: Concealed anti-condensation insulation; for surface through the hall, bedroom and living room window-place to do anti-condensation insulation. Drainage: Concealed do anti-condensation insulation; public toilet Toilet for surface bending must be done on the defection.
tube wells except the fire, sprinkler pipes were made outside the pipe insulation.
3. galvanized steel pipe connection: ), a small amount can be threaded flanges.
4. pipeline distance from the wall skin of 25-50mm.
5. heating dry riser pipe connection, when the riser line pipe 15m 3 used 90. Elbow.
6. construction, drainage rather high not to low, to leak rather low not high.
7. elevation provides: indoor plumbing is generally tube to tube outside the end of the drainage pipes, water supply for the tube top.
8. Heating the film to be coaxial with the window.
9. valve: switch the role of the drag coefficient of 0.5; valve: the role of regulating switch, drag coefficient 19.
10. compensator is divided into: natural compensation, square expansion force, elbows, bellows, sleeve compensator, spherical expansion force, horny expansion force.
11. set of cylinders: trunk end, its diameter is 4-6 times the diameter of the pipe end. Expansion tank: regulator, exhaust, to accommodate expansion of the water, the signal effect. Pressure tank: regulator, exhaust. A total of five pipeline expansion tank
: expansion tube, circular tube, overflow pipes, sewage pipes, signal management.
collection tank installation location: pipe fittings from the collection tank top 2 / 3 from the bottom 1 / 3.
12. in accordance with the standard atlas, master heat medium inlet conditions.
13. PP-R aluminum-plastic composite pipe can be applied to U-PVC pipe or water pipe fixed.
14. (1) rigid waterproof casing: Ⅰ waterproof casing, Ⅱ waterproof casing, Ⅲ waterproof casing
; Ⅰ waterproof casing for cast iron pipe and metal pipe; Ⅱ waterproof casing for steel; Ⅲ waterproof casing for steel embedded, the wing containing the pipe directly on the ring.
(2) generally applicable to flexible waterproof casing pipe through the wall or at closely by the vibration of structures in water requirements.
pipeline through external piping generally plus waterproof casing. Pool using the flexible pipe through waterproof casing.
If high water uses flexible waterproof outdoor casing,
spyder softshell, if the low water level outside the rigid waterproof casing.
15. General meter diameter than the pipe diameter size smaller.
16. water supply branch pipe connected two or more on all of the water points, branch pipe fittings and flanges were added live. Except if the branch pipe connection meter.
17. provides: wash basin (basin vegetables) on the edge of the distance to 800mm.
Tap on the edge of the basin from the 200mm.
Mop Mop water from the mouth edge 300mm
Ikegami ; Toilet water from the basin water from the ground 250mm
to 450mm
18. ; standpipe must be added to the surface when the valve and union.
19. hydrant: single bolt DN65 Specifications: plug port out, should not be installed on the door shaft bolt DN65 or DN50
double the thickness of fire box br> single bolt + self-help reel 1.1m
20. ; water meter installation: Residential: Valve + meter
public buildings: Valve + water + valve
Outdoor: Valve + water + valve + leakage damping valve + other
21. clean mouth: two or more connected to the sanitary ware branch should be added clean mouth, if There can be no floor drain.
riser checkpoints: the bottom and the top must be set, every one to two settings.
trunk length through several rooms should be added every 8-12m clean mouth or checkpoints.
22. standpipe must be size adjustable head, branch pipe can fill the heart, such as adjustable meter connection.
23. drain elbow tee selection:
horizontal pipe and vertical pipe should be 90 degrees oblique three or four-way cross
pipe and horizontal pipe should be 45 degrees or four-way links and drainage
dry riser pipe (such as a household management) applications, or two 45-degree bend radius greater than 4 times the 90-degree elbow
D 24. trap: P-type - S-squatting - basin, urinal
Chapter ; basic knowledge
a water supply engineering
(a) the classification of outdoor water supply system
1. to surface water as water supply system
2. to groundwater as a water supply system
(b) of the outdoor water supply system in the form: DC water supply system, circulating water supply system, sequential water supply system
(c) indoor water supply system Category: life, production, fire
(d) of the indoor water supply systems: the introduction of tube, water, pipeline, water accessories, boost water storage equipment, indoor fire-fighting equipment
(e) indoor water supply system pressure components: H = H1 + H2 + H3 + H4
H1 = introduction tube and the most unfavorable loop, the most negative point of the elevation difference
H2 = along the way and the local resistance
H3 = meter water resistance
H4 = head (only heating circulating pump and local resistance to overcome along the way, head 35-40m)
(f) indoor water supply means
1. a simple way water
2. Set tank water supply means
3. set the water pump means
4. Set reservoirs, pumps, water tank means
5. District Water way
6. ; pressure water method
7. transduce water way
(g) indoor water supply system piping schematic: the points, in points, under the sub
(h) of laying interior water supply: surface mounted, the installation (Note: the wall of galvanized steel corrosion should be done)
II ; drainage works
(a) sewage and classification: life, production, rain and snow water
(b) of the drainage system: confluence, split
(c) The drainage system consists of: outdoor, indoor
III heating engineering
(a) of the heating system classification
1. by the use of heat medium different: the hot water, steam, hot air
2. by circulatory points: mechanical, natural
3. points for the return by way of: a single tube, double tube
4. by heating ranges of: local, centralized, regional
( b) The basic form of hot water heating system
1. for reference next time twin
2. for the last time under the dual
3. perpendicular to the tube: the order of leapfrogging, adjustable sequential, back-type
4 . a single two-pipe system
5. horizontal tube system
6. ; district heating
7. the same way, different way
(c) of the heating system the main equipment
1. expansion tank: (along with the pump inlet) at constant pressure, exhaust, to accommodate expansion of the water,
discount shox, the signal function
2. ; collection tank
3. appliance: (high use) bellows expansion joints, sleeve expansion joints, the natural expansion force appliance
Fourth, ventilation and air conditioning
(a) of the air conditioning Category
1 . by air handling equipment set points:
centralized system: the direct supply of air conditioning units in each room
semi-centralized system: water-cooled units - new air unit / fan coil All distributed systems management
: water-cooled units - fan coil
2. by the burden of indoor load different types of media used: full air system, all water system air - water system, coolant system
3. According to central air conditioning air source treatment: closed, DC type, hybrid
4. under the sub-components: air conditioning duct systems, air conditioning system, air conditioning system, refrigeration equipment, systems, water cooling units, cooling towers
(b) ; major equipment; air conditioning units, fresh air units, fan coil
(c) of the ventilation system:
1. ; ventilation system: air defense, basement, garage (steel, glass and steel)
2. Smoke systems (steel, glass, steel, structure, wind tunnel)
3. dedusting system
V. Boiler classification and model representation
(a) classification
1. BY PURPOSE: industrial, heating, power plants, locomotives
2. by providing sub-containing medium heat: steam, hot water
3. ; by the structure: fire tube, water pipes, fire tube mixed
4. divided by fuel: coal, oil, gas
5. by combustion points: hand burn and mechanical
6. by Helping way Sub: quick, assembly, bulk
(b) Model representation
Chapter Specifications
(a) drainage and heating
1 .. valve should be installed before the test intensity, from a group of smoking 10%, 10% if the extraction rate of 95% or 99.9 pass % are unqualified. Strength test pressure = nominal pressure * 1.5; leak test pressure = nominal pressure * 1.1
2. Installed in the main pipe from the valve should be closed off one by one role for strength and leak test.
3. pipe diameter should be punching elbow = elbow bend diameter welded steel pipe
ordinary stamping stamping
seamless elbow ; seamless steel pipe welded steel pipe DN100
nominal diameter seamless steel pipe diameter Φ100 * 4.5 * thickness
diameter spiral welded pipe D109 * 4.5 * thickness
4. basements or underground pipe through the external walls of structures waterproof measures should be taken, for there are strict requirements should be flexible waterproof casing. .
Rigid waterproof casing: General design does not require a flexible waterproof casing used
: site design; high water table structures; pool
5. Pipeline crossing expansion joints, settlement, seismic joints laying should take the following measures:
(1) plus expansion joints: water supply, spraying plus soft rubber joints;
chilled water plus stainless steel flexible connector
6. stent in the correct position, should be firmly laid flat: (1) equipment, accessories should be set hanger, bracket, bracket
(2) end of the elbow, three (3) according to standard space sharing arrangement ( Note: The spray end of the stent should be anti-shake)
7. mounting bracket should be securely close contacts with the pipe.
8. sliding support, drag and slide slip should be left 3-5m gap.
9. no thermal expansion of the pipe hanger boom should be mounted vertically, with thermal expansion thermal expansion of pipe hanger hanger should reverse the direction of bias.
10. fixed pipes in the building structure on the hanger does not affect the structural safety.
11. heating, water supply, water stand pipe system, the card set:
(1) building height 5m, each not less than two
(3) control card installation height from the ground 1.5-1.8m, 2 case management card symmetry
(4) multi-storey building water supply, drainage pipes, large diameter 25mm vertical pipe at the time there can be no support, but the water should be added to the bottom of the riser pipe pier.
(5) Cast iron drainage, water supply galvanized steel pipe riser should be made to support landing card.
12. a flexible casing pipe should be added, heating, hot water, refrigeration, cooling, condensation water through walls, floors should be added to the casing, water, fire, sprinkler, drainage unnecessary add.
13. water supply pipe: galvanized steel ; water supply cast iron pipes: the cement or rubber ring sticky mouth; brass: special connectors or welding
13. bolts tightened, the nut length highlight the
14. water supply riser and 3 with greater than or equal branch water distribution point should be installed before end of detachable connections (such as union), but if water meters, valves are free of added flange.
15. hot and cold water: the heat under the cold, cold-right-left heat.
16. antiseptic treatment: cast iron drainage pipe buried: asphalt preservation; buried steel (including galvanized steel): three anti-corrosion.
17. tank overflow pipes and drain pipes should be located near the water but not directly connected with the drain.
18. Vertical pump spring shock absorber damping should not be used.
19. interior drainage pipe: U-PVC pipes, cast iron pipe, concrete pipe, wash basin and drinking water composition onto the common seal and connection between the sanitary ware is available at short tube drainage pipe.
with a stool in the branch steel, clarinet (with preservative)
21. standpipe checkpoints every level plus one, the bottom and top with sanitary ware must be added.
22. drainage stack and the main pipe (such as home management) should be made through ball test, the ball diameter U-PVC drainage stack or three expansion joints should be added (with expansion joint) and the Fire Ring (or fire sleeve). Expansion joints spaced not more than 4 meters.
23. connecting two or more than 2 or 3 stool or more than 3 horizontal tube should be set sanitary ware sweep exports. (Qing-pass device)
24. Horizontal tube with horizontal pipe, horizontal pipe and vertical pipe should be 45 degrees or 45 degrees four-way links, 90 degrees or 90 degrees oblique oblique four-way links. Riser pipe should be used with two 45-degree bend or radius of curvature of not less than 4 times the diameter of the 90-degree elbow (TY three links).
25. snorkel above the roof drainage 300mm, must be greater than the thickness of snow cover (non-Master Roof) Beijing provisions of 600mm.
26. leads to an outdoor drainage pipe through the wall or foundation must be under the counter, should be used or three 45-degree bend and vertical pipe sections should be set in the sweep exports.
;
27. ; indoor hot water is divided into: full circle, half circle, do not repeat. Hot water pipes should be compensated by the natural thermal expansion (elbow, square expansion force)
28. Water pipes should be washed, not to pressure test the tank only do irrigation test. Water supply and return water, sump tank, sub tank, hot water tanks should be insulated. Exposure to the water tank should be full of water test, pressure test should be closed tanks.
29. sanitary ware installation should be embedded bolts or expansion bolts. Should be full of water and sanitary ware test and pass the water test.
water supply pipeline from the ground height: washbasin 450mm, toilet 250mm, bath 670mm, shower 1150mm, squatting pan (manual since closed) 600mm, vertical urinals 1130mm, 1050mm
30 hanging Urinal . indoor heating pipe: welded steel pipe Slope: soda with the hot water pipes, steam pipes and condensate pipes slope per thousand, not less than two parts per thousand. Reverse flow of soft drinks, hot water pipes, steam pipes slope greater than equal to five thousandths. Radiator branch is equal to 1% slope, aspect, drainage and discharge should be beneficial.
32. balancing valve and control valve (system main pipe) has direction, has a pressure range.
33. square root of compensation should be seamless whole simmer.
34. radiator branch length> 1.5m should be installed pipe card.
35. altar trunk the next time the hot water system should be top level adjustable eccentric connections, steam pipes should be the end of level adjustable eccentric connection.
high temperature water (110-130. C) Jia Falan or flanged.
non-hot water pipe in the ceiling not the best union, but with flanged or threaded valves plus a pair of flanges.
38. heatsink with enough pieces, the following two legs 14, 14 more than three legs. 20 or more bracing.
39. filters: water pumps at the entrance to Canada, small.
40. decontamination, the entire floor heating system, heat exchange station, boiler room backwater housekeeper decontamination, large.
decontamination plus bypass normally required. Major clearing pass, easy to bypass the bad equipment should be added accessories.
(b) ventilation and air conditioning
1. engineering outsourcing chosen duct must also be qualified to provide the appropriate product documentation or the strength and rigor of the verification.
2. ductwork specification acceptance, the wind pipe to the outside diameter or length prevail, duct or inner diameter side to prevail, irregular oval rectangular duct with reference to the wind pipe, and the long diameter and short diameter flat side dimensions shall prevail.
3. galvanized steel and all kinds of steel plate containing composite protective layer should be used to connect or riveted seams, and shall not affect the protective layer used for welding corrosion resistance connection method.
4. sealing duct connections should be sealed to the main sheet, caulking and sealants can be used other ways to seal. Sealant performance should be consistent with environmental requirements, the sealing surface should be located in the positive pressure side of the duct.
5. wind material: ordinary steel, galvanized steel, stainless steel, hard polyvinyl chloride, acrylic steel, inorganic glass fiber reinforced plastic (with a corresponding layer of glass cloth not less than specification, the surface may appear counter-halogen or severe pan-cream)
6. fire air duct body, frame and fixed material, sealing material must be non-combustible materials, fire resistance rating should meet the design requirements.
7. composites duct cladding material must be non-combustible materials, within the Chapter
; Fixed a lecture
, drainage, heating fixed
(a) General
1. station pipes and indoor plumbing by Category: station The exterior skin or room for the session.
2. indoor and outdoor channels by pipe: 1.5m building wall is bounded by the skin.
3. outdoor pipes and municipal pipeline segments: steel ; seamless > Φ159 Services
; iron mounting height from the ground from the same floor.
Base: ultra-high coefficient of artificial man-days *
5. high-rise building high costs: Yan is> 25m, the base fee of: high-rise building high labor costs * costs
6. heating system commissioning costs : unit labor costs * 14% of the project (not including heat costs), in which labor costs account for 78% of commissioning fee.
7. scaffolding royalty: Unit labor costs Engineering * 2%
(b) of indoor plumbing:
understand: pressure pipes, materials, connection of different
1. ; pipe chamber pressure: a pressure test can be low; high-level hierarchical test pressure, single pressure test, pressure test the system and hidden works.
2. Low galvanized steel (wire connected) DN32 to include within the management card.
3. Low galvanized steel pipe (welded) excluding hanger, pipe fitting is included (product: elbow, on-site processing: Three mouth open system )
4. Low galvanized steel pipe (flange connection) to be the second zinc flange, cost not include
5. ; groove connection (clamp connections) for water supply and drainage, fire and gas
mechanical or opening-type connection: Three
commonly used in the fittings: grooved Connect
6. Water Cast Iron Pipe: commonly used in home buried pipe (cast iron pipe mechanical strength than steel, corrosion)
7. Cast iron drainage pipes: horizontal connection> 6 stools, or high-rise building will be located auxiliary ventilation pipe risers
auxiliary parts, through the cap, check the mouth of the riser content in the form included in the fixed, and did not have to be calculated separately.
8. Flexible drainage cast iron pipe: A type of rubber flange interface; W-type hoop connection
9. ; plastic composite pipe: brass tube or sleeve type connecting link between the threaded pipe
plastic composite pipe and PVC-U water supply pipe plastic pipe is included parts, steel adapter installation fee, but not containing the main material, aluminum plastic composite pipe content of 1.01
DN32 pipe card contains less than
10. Plastic U-PVC drain pipe is included: permeability cap, expansion joints, mouth and stool examination established connection tube (Pissing) do not have a separate calculation; Fire Ring or fire casing to be provided separately.
11. PPR pipe: galvanized steel wire then the implementation of subheadings; bonding implementation of UPVC plastic pipe water supply; melt the implementation of Chapter VIII of the gas pipeline welding PE pipe Electric hot-melt.
(c) Budget price
1. material budget price of three parts: the supply price, storage fees, purchase fees
which the supply price has the following components: other towns freight, packing charges, supply and marketing department fees, appearance fees.
2. Information on the cost price of the price shipped to the construction site, but excluding storage fee of 2%.
3. Jixietaiban the preparation of the fixed costs: depreciation fee (to recover within the prescribed use of its original cost)
maintenance costs (repair costs, maintenance fee)
4. project cost, including: direct costs, management fees (net of the project department of medical and pension), profits and taxes. The direct costs include: labor, materials, machinery costs and on-site management fee (which includes temporary facilities, site management costs and on-site provision).
(d) outdoor piping
1. the old pipe with new pipe joints: heat applied to heat pipe section 12 outdoor meet; water supply pipeline to apply Section 13 Three additional outdoor water supply water cast iron pipe fittings.
2. filling with sand: calculation according to design requirements only, not full-fill insulation for buried pipes and buried pipe.
(e) Station type pipe
1. roll pipe fittings: ready to apply pressure welded steel pipe installation fill the main timber; site production process to apply pressure welded steel pipe installation, no make up the main material.
2.-site processing of the various pipe fittings, including eye then dug in charge of three, fell diameter pipe system, are the implementation of pipe connected to the related item, not taking into account the main material fee tube If the excavation is less than competent eye diameter of branch pipe tee 1 / 2, the tube size by taking into account branch diameter; if director of branch diameter greater than the diameter of 1 / 2 diameter pipe specifications applied by the competent.
(f) the valve and flange
1. valve group composition:
(g) Sanitary
1. Pissing: If the use of UPVC pipes, squatting pan connecting pipe is not counted, including in the joint part inside.
2. Toilet: If the post-drainage, a single implementation of a toilet installation soft joint (between the pipe and the stool)
3. toilet tank: making the implementation of Chapter IX rinse tank tank production. Rinse the implementation of Chapter XIII equipment tank bracket scaffolds.
4. Civil Mop pool: floor installed and running faucets and a drain installation; desktop with implementation of tap and plug the drainage trap. Vanity faucets and without the implementation of the drainage trap bolt; many leading sink with running multiple faucets and drain traps bolt, if the executable floor drain spout, without the drainage trap bolt and floor drain.
5. washing ma
chine interface, the implementation of tap installation, for the main material: washing ma
chine tap.
6. multifunctional floor drain, bathtub drain storage box (cabinet) to install the implementation of the three subheadings with appropriate drainage installed.
7. the level of the implementation of clean-sweep the export port (connecting more than two, or three or more stool water sweeping apparatus must set the export)
8. standpipe checkpoints,
jimmy choo slingbacks, breathable cap and expansion joints in the content included in the tube , not separately.
9. hanging separated from the towing device (stent) should be calculated separately.
12. equipment trailers subject to the implementation of metal stents brush oil painting.
(h) heating apparatus
1. cast iron radiator: It normally takes the scene group, not clear are the implementation of the same item to install equipment, floor installation each group with enough film and without adequate film. Regardless mounted only in the film.
2. floor to install the radiator: 14 or less, two with full-
chip 15-20, 3 to bring enough film.
3. columnar cast iron radiators installed in each group more than 20 films, you need to brace, brace costs shall be calculated separately, using φ6 bar, making the implementation of metal stents installation subdirectory.
4. fixed sealing materials listed in the interface pad prepared according to finished product, if not in conformity with the design shall not be adjusted.
5. steel closed radiator: generally refers to finished products, mostly for hanging, unit: piece refers to the group, including the towing hook fixed in the installation, if asked frame finished, the main material not included in the towing hook, towing hook their separate premium. Fixed wire blocking the door is included spreading rumors, if installed manually The valve The valve also perform a manual installation.
6. HF welding fin tube radiators: Fixed includes a protective cover installation costs, but does not include their value.
7. multi-column steel radiator: can be used for hot water or steam, such as Cinderella radiator.
8. radiant convector installation, regardless of mounting or floor mounted, are the implementation of the same scale, floor mounted bearings caused by material prepared with the main .
9. Optical row radiator: A-and B-type production and installation, including the union has been fixed in the quantity used, shall not be calculated.
10. set of cylinders and automatic exhaust valve: the highest point for the hot water heating system, which leaked on the valves and tubes shall be calculated separately .
11. heater installation: without scaffold installation, separate Chapter XIII by equipment manufacture and installation bracket.
12. low temperature radiant floor heating: by way of laying sub-standard in meters. Generally can not have pipes, fixed in Wimbledon without insurance, civil engineering calculations. Fixed in the ground casting is included with the construction. With a plastic composite pipe, polybutylene pipe, polypropylene pipe, polyethylene pipe and other pipes as the floor heating pipes are the implementation of the project.
13. heating system commissioning costs shall be calculated separately, enter the access fee.
(viii) fire fighting system
1. decompression orifice Location: In the fire hydrant connection before the union, before the fire hydrant flange connection, take over the fire hydrant connections. Flange shall be calculated separately.
2. outdoor fire hydrant underground wells civil implementation of the first volume fixed.
3. gas drive pipe installation, the card sets the number of connections be calculated according to the amount of design drawings.
4. storage device, be counted as base support, equipment support the implementation of the corresponding subheading of Chapter XIII.
5. storage devices installed in fixed fire extinguishing agents has been included in the storage containers, system components, safety valves and other storage devices and the installation of the valve drive and nitrogen pressurization. Nitrogen dioxide storage installations without gas booster, should be charged to enforce the fixed pure nitrogen, the other unchanged.
(IX) gas pipeline
1. polyethylene pipe: PE pipe, pipe fittings shall be calculated separately. Connection: small diameter fused; large diameter hot-melt.
2. polyethylene pipe connections for polyethylene tee, bends, blocking, adjustable, sleeves and other pipe connections.
3. steel-plastic adapter: either wire, welding, flange connection are the implementation of the same item; if the flange connection, the flange itself, excluding the value, the amount of bolts accrual according to design drawings and the loss of 3% accrual rate.
4. φ315 gas pipeline within the PE pipe at the implementation of Chapter VIII of the gas pipeline, gas wells construction work according to the first book to take charge; φ315 to add items other than PE pipe, gas pipe to take implementation of the municipal wells fee.
(X) with a low pressure container
1. assembled steel underframe tank includes production and installation costs, other equipment bracket are calculated separately.
2. transduce water installations: pressure tank pressure controller comes with the device, if the frequency pump equipment for the flexible joint in the main material included in price, or be calculated.
3. be the device for the implementation of device thermal insulation fixed subheading.
4. between equipment and foundation grouting Grouting generally refers to the second.
5. bolt production and filling: If the device comes with, including anchor bolts and grouting; if the device does not tape, apply the production and filling equipment anchor bolts.
6. off-site transport: making the water tank used in conjunction with the general. For product installation containing its costs.
(xi) boiler
1. If the gas boiler, should be cooked with the furnace and the furnace converted to gas, light fuel oil.
(second) pump and shock absorption
1. If the pump is not equipped with anchor bolts, and the other the implementation of Chapter IX production and installation of the foot bolt.
2. damping interconnect
(xiv) the casing and hanger
1. Process: reserved hole ; prefabricated casing pipe plug security holes
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