some dogs who do not adore themselves, resulting in the dogs heaved on benefit of the offense was punished, in fact, criminal and not the dog got to -
Heihe City in Heilongjiang
to the conflict: those who love dogs and hate those dogs. quality does not, the dog sparse to management, to some dogs who do not favor too much of a threat to life: for instance, bitten; rabies epidemic-prone and so on. So it appears that a variety of banned dogs and dog sounds. The sound approached the United States and Europe are fanatical countries like dogs, but also China's citizen image will cause great negative impact. In truth, our European and American countries likened to the number of dogs per lot, but because of their broad area of general family population, population density is far lower than in China, dog owners and self-study a diversity of strict obedience with rules and regulations, so most people with dogs can also no problem. China's fast growth in recent years, the number of dogs, and dogs who lag back the law's lack of municipal education to instruct, so unfortunately, the dog who often become sufferers of those uncivilized dog, is portion of the dog's quality can not keep up, Another team of dogs that have hate psychology. So in appending to the relevant law-making improvement, it have to also carry out training courses for dog owners, as follows motorcar must bring a driver's license. Only in this way can the future of these two groups encounter and security. -
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final year wrote a long article analyzing the phenomenon of China's dog, a closer see at the article and some vitality, took them out attach with the debate. -
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With the increase in the number of China's pet,
Christian Louboutin UK, the pet industry in China has become a relatively large industry, but onward with the expansion of the pet industry, but also the gradual emergence of some problems. Government supervision and management in the pet industry activities a very important role. This article from Yunnan also associated to alien countries and management of successful management experience in a detailed introduction. This periodical argues that to solve our pet management system, the existing problems, the most fundamental path is the government's role in transition, requires the improvement of relevant laws and regulations and strengthening of supervision, not just obliterate the dog. -
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recent online rumors that a metropolis of Heihe City in Heilongjiang chairmen bitten by a dog, and the results of the presidency was angry and ordered the city banned dog, all dogs must be slaughtered assimilated (Subsequently, another source said that under the strong oppression of public opinion, the government suddenly announced the dissolution of the dog team, ahead the widespread abolition of the answer, ;
last year, due to the spread of rabies epidemic in Yunnan Mouding Massive dog event: In just five days, by the local government organizations, local dog group killed more than 50,000 dogs all light; Mouding Beijing, Nanjing, Fuzhou and other cities have emulated vogue,
Christian Louboutin Boots, buffet out, a dog suffering from governance. -
dog from the tempest caused widespread concern, and had a bad worldwide impact: dozens of foreign media and international organizations have conducted a follow-up reports on the matter: way a tree killing thousands of dogs Animal Welfare Foundation Beijing Office Jeff He); And even more so in the domestic media triggered a drastic debate and thinking: dereliction of obligation . Therefore, our government management system in the pet industry in the management of the subsistence of many loopholes and inefficient, if only corrected, will further not only cause public health problems will harm China's international image and fame. -
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our pet management system exists, several major issues: the absence of government and serious dislocation. -
As people's alive standards improve, pet spending has become a consumer trend. At present, China's number of pets has more than 100 million (source: http://blog.sina.com.cn/u/1233330937). On the one hand, center approximately pets, in our country has become a very huge fetter, consumer concern and a standing ovation the pet not only has become a prevailing lifestyle, became a life and meet the psychological needs of people , relieve stress, loneliness is an important way; the other hand, the increase in the number of pets also has a strong negative externalities: pet defecation, noise nuisance, dog contaminate the surroundings, and some contagious diseases has become important source: According to statistics, rabies in China for many years ranked premier in all infectious diseases. 2004 National deaths due to rabies in the country up to 2561,2005 deaths due to rabies has more than 2,500 people (source: Xinhua, 2005), 1 August 2006, a aggregate of 21 provinces nationwide have reported the incidence of rabies, absolute reported cases 1874 cases, of which 1735 cases had died (BEIJING, 2006). The Government for the effective supervision and management of pet industry not only has a very strong economic sense, but also played a very important cultural and social significance of public health. -
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government management system in the pet plays a central role: on the one hand as a public affairs director, the government must give full play of its management functions, the operation of the industry for effective supervision and regulation; the other hand, as coordinator of the industry, the Government must address the characteristics of self-development industry, providing necessary public facilities and public services to actively play a service-type functions. But in reality, that the Government's regulatory functions and service functions of the failure, resulting in the
government administration supervision -
(1) division of the administrative branch fuzzy -
in China, tensioned that the various administrative departments and law enforcement agencies in agreement with an integrated urban management responsibilities of category, their roles (Table 1) -
Management -
duties -
public security organs (department) -
overall liability for the management of dog, in charge of dog registration and annual inspection -
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investigation no certify to support dogs, illegal to bring dogs out -
animal husbandry and veterinary administrative department -
immunization, quarantine and other administrative work -
urban management integrated law enforcement organizations -
responsible for the unlicensed sale of mobile street dog behavior and health due to unsightly conduct investigation -
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dog to support the public security organs investigated and dealt with undocumented and unlawful doings such for apt send the dog out -
industrial and commercial authority -
responsible for the avenue dogs of supervision and management of commerce activities -
health governmental departments -
responsible for human rabies vaccine and rabies treatment for the management of -
In theory, these sectors cover the pet's registration, monitoring, immunization, quarantine, management and many other places, but in many cities for the responsibilities of the various departments but is equivocal. As the range of some division of labor is too wide, even overlapping functions of the departments have again happened in clash situations: the various departments in accordance with their relative laws and regulations set supervision, punishment, and absence of an efficient cooperation machinery, in many cases even the the case of repeated punishment, in this circumstance, every department has become a micro-interests and the pursuance of special interests who not only detrimental to retaining the legislature of law enforcement agencies, but also led to the regulation ineffective, the formation of a , but who administer well -
the other hand, government norm in the pet manufacture in the department of fatigue, there are still blind spots: the public's perception there is no assist to keep up with the popularity of the go. In China, however a great proportion of the public because the seriousness of rabies risk have heard some, yet its reasons are unclear, the epidemic should have encountered is the lack of understanding of emergency amounts. Scientific research shows that technological and reasonable precautions to emergency measures can greatly depress the occurrence of rabies, so the public popularity of pestilence hindrance learning work is quite essential, the government has played a gist in which the publicity. -
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lack of strong punishment mechanism -
pet keepers and developed significant distinction is that our pets are simply not looked down on the relevant national laws and regulations. While some cities introduced a pet violation penalties, but did not develop specific standards and rules of punishment for violation of deal pets with strong randomness, much social controversy fhardly everme acts (such as forsook pet behavior) is the lack of appropriate legal meaning. -
In other cities, although the presentation of a detailed and coherent rules of pets punishment, but law enforcement did no complete: the person's illegal for pet action and not given appropriate manipulation alternatively punishment, makes the management of the evolution for pets guidelines, regulations line with the dummy. Case Study of Beijing: Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau in 2006 in association with manifold divisions for non-compliance dog action carried out startle checks, the results of various types of irregularities found in the community, dog behavior 230. In this operation, some residents have been to some of the ministries to report such illegal dog behavior, but most of the violations have no been mainly stopped,
Christian Louboutin Slingbacks, were more narrated to pets has not been severely penalized. (Source: Xinhua, 2006) -
management fees are also high: Pet registration fees are too high -
pet registration fees and related administrative costs already constituted a dog costs a lot of expenses. On the one hand, China's urban residents' disposable proceeds levels lower: In 2001, Chinese urban residents in the average disposable earnings of 6,859.58 yuan, including Beijing, Shanghai, the mean annual disposable income was 11,577.78 and 12,883.86 yuan, when a crowd of rural areas is lower (Source: Statistical Yearbook); the other hand, with lower disposable income residents in stark contrast to the high cost of pet registration: Beijing, for example, issued in 1995, dog regulations 43%, which does not comprise the future consumption of other pets). While in 2004, Beijing beyond modifications of the provisions, the cost dropped to $ 1000, but its share of the average annual household disposable income percentage is still relatively high, and in addition the dog owner must also pay a definite management fees, in some key operations in the region this year cost up to $ 500. For many low-income families, spending a small fortune. -
In theory, the high registration fees ambition mushroom the threshold and the cost of keeping pets, and thus to some extent, limit the number of pets. However, due to the correction of the registration threshold, but to strengthen the legal registration of pets who flee motivation, guiding to the emergence of more pets without a authorization. According to statistics of relevant departments, only afterward the enactment of the legislation among two annuals, the Beijing zone of dogs registered in the enroll the number on the 213,200 down to 86,991, and this corresponds to: the amount of dogs in Beijing and the zone not reduced, these dogs only from government regulation on the register just vanished. Increase in the number of dogs without a authorize, making it more difficult to grip the government of pet immunity. -
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higher cost of rabies vaccine -
research shows that a fundamental measure to discourage the dog is undergoing from immunization, prevention measures. Injection of rabies vaccine for pets on a regular root, can effectively prevent the occurrence and spread of rabies outbreaks. However, according to some authorities the statistics, in most of our pets are no rabies vaccine. To China's rural areas, for instance, although 70% of households in the dog, but only has less than 3% of the dogs injected with rabies vaccine (Source: Xinhua, 2006). Although in some cities, the implementation of the prevention management practices related to dogs, and the laws and regulations in the form of a mandatory rabies injection system (such as approval of the individual or element in the dog to the public security organs for dog registration, dog must clutch the public security authorities of relevant documents, to bring dogs to the area, the town's animal husbandry and veterinary stations dog health checks and rabies vaccine) -
One of the most important reason is: our dog with rabies vaccine and rabies vaccine are mostly expensive and this cost be borne fully by the pets, many pets have been beyond the capacity of people. Beijing as an example: according to the classification of domestic and imported vaccines, rabies vaccine formal organization of 100 yuan to 400 yuan, whereas people once they are scratched or bitten by pets, people must be injected within a certain period of time 5 times with rabies,
Christian Louboutin Flats, Once severe injuries must also IVIg cost from several hundred dollars to a thousand greenbacks. The high cost of the vaccine in large part makes a lot of breeders heart-inch fluke, but to the epidemic potential problems. -
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lack of proper follow-up services industry: the lack of strong major disaster fighting system -
long time, China's prevention system for the type of punishment. For the pet industry, management, largely just to stay in the fight on the publish after the Government set up a temporary agencies which played a core role. Mouding County in Yunnan, for instance, this However, on the one hand, these short-lived disaster put out as a public amuse organization representatives, is due out in the judicial proceedings, and its questionable legality; the other hand, these institutions deal with the epidemic of substances for the arrangement and technical readiness is inadequate its staff does not have vocational experience and knowledge of the epidemic, but only received minimal training, did not provide detailed emergency answer program of science, there is no corresponding reference to the experience. So the way to deal with the epidemic are often unattached, rowdy. Mouding County in Yunnan, for example, this 1 thousand documents are complete dogs. Although stopping the spread of the epidemic, but it is paying a mammoth cost. -
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lack of proper shelter for stray dogs mechanism. -
in China continues to heat up hot dogs in the meantime, the number of stray dogs is increasing. Only to Shanghai as an sample, the number of stray dogs has also been near to one million. Stray dogs is that people who keep pet dogs, neglected because mostly because of aging, disease, or owner change of heart, and so on. Most of these dogs had not been vaccinated, their viruses and various parasites ratio is much higher than domestic pets, so if not properly managed, they must be spreading the bacteria, an important source of endangering public health. -
experience shows that the establishment of stray dogs in institutions is to reduce the risk of stray dogs, stray dogs to solve the problem the best alternative. But in most of our cities, related to the management of stray dogs in the empty and not the elementary set up and related laws and regulations, not to build a stray dog in institutions, laissez-faire attitude towards stray dogs to take or straight killing of most of the processing approach. Despite the small number of cities a few stray dogs shelter agencies (such as Chengdu, the blind animals Protection Center (previously stray dogs home)), but most of them led by non-governmental organizations, government intervention is insufficient,
Christian Louboutin, its size generally more small, such as the small blind animal conservation center is already overflowing with dogs, the shelter of stray dogs has worked beyond its own capacity. -
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learn foreign management experience related to -
pet from overseas, attribute management experience, entire in which the government played a very important character in its regulatory experience is value learning, of special note in: -
mighty government regulatory agency: clear division of labor, more effective administrative body -
Western countries for the management of pets tend to strengthen the management system to detail, and great emphasis on the participation of social groups. In the United States Maine, in the management and ailment prevention for pets in the institutional setting in response systems, he stressed: in the regional government beneath the guidance and supervision at a management committee to manage work related to the specific implementation, this committee includes public health officials, animal (ailment) management officials, responsible shelter, medicinal institutions, elected from various pet out of representatives from each school chose out of the representatives and the local public security departments and other relevant workers. The main function of this body: -
(1) to give a great many public educate students and rabies, prevention education, so that they understand the pathogenesis of rabies and hazards, as well as its means of ward and emergency measures. -
(2) from a strong supervisory role, emphasizing the magnitude of an effective mechanism to ensure that all pets are injected with a rabies vaccine. -
(3) fighting the specified elaborate disaster maneuvers in the accident of epidemic situation, the fight against mobilized disaster emergency agencies. -
the Commission issued the immunization report that 80% of rabies is preventable, disease prevention for the public knowledge of universal education can effectively reduce the accidents of people obtain rabies. The state requirements, under the management of the Commission, local officials (including the management of local animal control officials and public health officials) must presume the local people understand the Maine Public Health Regulations (DHHS), has a relationship with a variety of prevention departments and related health care, prevention laws and regulations of responsibility. -
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severe punishment mechanism -
Western countries for the pet's behavior in most of the development of a array of rigid regulations, criteria and disciplines down to a lot of punishment guidelines correlate. For the illegal behavior of pets, pets who not only have to pay the high economy costs, caustic or even bear the corresponding legal responsibility. Such as in Israel, a dog owner for of the heavy fines inadvertently lost pets who are ill may be in imprison; in Hungary, the dog landlord for the dog to be immunized in due time, late and invalid to remind the owner, will be sentenced to 10 Wan forint (almost $ 430) nice. In the U.S., due to the owner if the dog attacks variant human led to loose exercise, the owner will be fined 400 to $ 1,000 fine. (Source: Xi'an Evening News) The severe punishment mechanism not only played a very strong deterrent, more effective legislation to ensure the solemnity. -
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low management fees -
(1) low cost pet registration -
in the West, basically every dog have carried out legal registration, pet registration system to improve the treatment of the administration, regulators have brought magnificent expedience, primarily from low-cost pet registration fare. -
in the West, people's pets as kin entertainment has been an important part. It has not only for pet consumption is equivalent to easy user goods and service, also involves a more complex social and psychological factors and individual psychological factors. Therefore, the base line and consumer psychology to bear the physical needs and psychological needs of the public to think the outlook of the government for the pet's feeding and management is not to jeopardize public security as the cardinal refutation, but in service, management-oriented, many countries and regions pet registration fees relatively low: for a dog license in Singapore absence only $ 6; in Israel, pets every year just to pay the government the equivalent of 80 yuan management fee; in Japan, dog registration fee of 3,000 yen (about combined 230 yuan), the immune cost more than 3,000 yen; In some states, pet registration fee was only $ 60. Low cost pet registration system which guarantees that every dog can be a legitimate registration. -
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(2) low-cost or even free rabies vaccination system [/ B] -
the same with China, many countries have legal provisions in the form of implementing a mandatory system of compulsory immunization; but different from our country is priceless for the rabies vaccine, beyond the capacity of consumers as part of the problem, many countries and regional funding for prevention of rabies often given actual financial subsidies. Therefore, these countries and regions canine rabies vaccine and rabies vaccine generally cheaper, some are even free. Such as in Thailand, the government free man vaccinated against rabies; in our Hong Kong Government does not charge a separate fee charged immunity, this cost is included in the pet registration fee which, even with the pet registration fees and medical checkups of only HK $ 80 ~ 250 ; In Japan, pet immune cost more than 3,000 yen, amounting to only $ 230. (Source: Xi'an Evening News, 2006) Free rabies vaccination system shifted the burden of keeping a pet, to ensure the government and epidemic prevention work. [/ B] -
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3. Perfect follow-up management trades -
(1) fighting system, strong major calamity -
in Europe, there had been a number of animal outbreaks, such as rabies, avian flu, etc., but these outbreaks have occurred only in the local and economic losses can be controlled to a minimum. The root cause of sound from these countries establishment of mechanisms for fighting major disaster: most of these countries set up specialized agencies, to provide organizational guarantee for emergency response. Such as the German Consumer Protection established a dedicated animal disease emergency response bid (EPS) to the devoted work of the emergency animal disease of the fight. Most of these institutions to develop a scientific detailed emergency response plan for emergency response to provide a navigate to action, for a variety of disease, set up a different response; while most of the material with the faultless preparation and technical preparation to ensure that emergency supplies can be in location in time; These institutions often training a certain scale of activities, experience in dealing with alike issues and management of reference approach. -
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(2) improve the management mechanism of the stray dog shelter -
although there are also in the West, the phenomenon of stray dogs, but the Western countries for the management of stray dogs, the general in a dominant location, to go further than our country, specifically, for the overall management of stray dogs is : government-led, community involvement. In the United States Maine Animal Disposal Ordinance in respect of that: the government must actively participate in the management of stray dogs in the past. The regulations enhance the government take the lead in the establishment of stray dogs in institutions, while the source of these stray dogs have a detailed health investigation, and build the file. In the absence of immunization of stray dogs and related health conditions prior to inspection shall not be given to the social adoption. In order to prevent the abandonment of pet acts, the government inquired people not registered in time for pet-related contracts signed a agree,
Cheap Christian Louboutin, but also by a government-private coupler management committee consisting of people on pet behavior monitoring and control. Abandonment, damage behavior will be severely by the law. -
particular note is that in some countries for the management of stray dogs has not merely reside in the shelter on the level of the. Such as in Thailand, of the pertinent specialists, a number of stray dogs on the prevention treatment and to carry out capabilities training, these dogs as a dog The emergence of security as these dogs, patrol commanders were stolen in the quondam to reduce the impair of loggers, and these dogs are well defended in a way, the forest of rare beasts. Therefore, these citizen policies and measures to significantly reduce the stray dog for urban environmental hazards. -
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how to do? How to improve? -
through the on for our government in the pet status management system inquiry and management experience associated with the introduction of foreign countries can be found in many areas of China can be improved, for our government, the government should gradually from fee-based managed, service-oriented government changes, manifested in: -
(1) improve the management of various government efficiency, strengthen the management of cooperation and information interchange, uniform laws, regulations and management standards, and some Western countries can refer to the management council system, to strengthen the pet supervision of human behavior and keeping the public knowledge of prevention teaching. -
(2) designated by the elaborate laws and regulations related to human behavior of pets to be jump, punished with the punishment standard criteria to cultivate every facet, and by increasing the intensity of punishment. -
(3) to increase the registration fee to change the number of pets to control the starting point, the service charges to be charged the standard registration fee and pet-related management costs, thus greatly reducing the pet registration fee in array to reduce the number of pets without a license. -
(4) persist to appliance mandatory vaccination measures, inadequate funding for pet immunization status, the government should strengthen the financial subsidies to reduce the spend of rabies vaccination or the introduction of free vaccination system. -
(5) through the establishment of specialized emergency response agencies to gradually create a major disaster fighting system, and gradually improve the material preparation and technical preparation, the government in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, according to law. -
(6) government-led, public agencies and relevant non-governmental organizations to actively participate, create a large number of stray dogs in institutions, merciful treatment of stray dogs, to give the required precautionary measures. Can refer to the experience of some Western countries, the management of these stray dogs the necessary education and skills training to assist the public security administration. At the same time, improve your pet's records management system, such as the government has implanted micro-chips for pets, radically reduce the incidence of stray dogs. -
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[[/ B] References [/ B] -
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blue child benefits. management of pet dogs also speak about science [N]. Xi'an Evening News .2006-11-19. -
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Thailand above the dog when the dog from nice security [EB-OL]. China network. -
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(author Zheng Feng Tian, Professor of Renmin University of China; Qiu Cheng of the University of Texas doctoral) -
At present China's fondle manufacture and ways apt
metropolis. As
Linear Mode
