Shanghai to learn the fifth day of April 25

(I am an associate professor with the Chen Jinrong photo)

4 月 25 morning, an associate professor of East China Normal University, Chen Jinrong made a presentation entitled He told a little story: A Chinese man had an accident in a foreign country. Police came and asked: Pragmatics (Studies) (Pragmatics) The term first appeared in the field of philosophy.

Pragmatics is the study of the specific context in a particular discourse context of how to understand and use language. (He Ziran)

one, two pragmatic study of basic concepts: the meaning and context.

1, meaning: the language can represent two different levels of meaning, they were formed semantics and pragmatics in the study. Semantic meaning of home as the inherent properties of language is innate, fixed, free from outside influences. For example: in English or Chinese dog However, in certain circumstances, the use of the word dog who may be listening to the dialogue issue a warning, it could be doing intimidation. Another example: It is cold in here. A place of relatively low temperatures. However, if a person into someone's home, that he was hot, said these words, the implication is to open the window or open fan, air conditioning. Pragmatics put the significance of language and their own users to link the study of the word, a word which in the particular context of communication with the value. This part of the meaning (pragmatic meaning) is clearly not present in the literal, but it is heavily based on the literal meaning derived, which is often said that the implication or overtone. Pragmatic research is to reflect the speaker this purpose, the meaning of intent. Such as:

A: You are a fool

B: What does a fool mean?

B: What do you mean by a fool? (you said I was a fool, what do you mean?)

2, context: the context of the most narrow understanding of it as the language of the context of the time. Constitute the language outside the context of knowledge can be divided into three categories: (1) background knowledge; (2) scenario knowledge; (3) mutual understanding communication.

background refers to the common sense, that encyclopedic knowledge. Such as:

A: Do you like rugby? B: I'ma New Zealand. The second answer is clearly a personal one based on the background: Irish rugby itself is a crazy hobby. The implication of his answer is

second largest category of foreign language knowledge, knowledge of the scene with a specific communication scenarios related knowledge.

Say cheese again. (camera when ... ...)

Golf plays John. This sentence shows the level of John's golf is very bad.

foreign language knowledge is the third largest category of mutual knowledge, communication is the understanding of both sides of each other.

A: Do you want some coffee? B: Coffee would keep me awake.

this dialogue, B in the end that you want coffee or not it? A know.

II, indicating the problem

refers to the language of instruction activities, the participants are talking about people, things,Golf equipment, events, processes and activities to make a firm understanding and context must be to them (such as the communication time , space, etc.) linked to this phenomenon. Such as:

This is what he wanted.
Some words in English

item if left context, their meaning can not be determined. Such as:

I'll be here again in half an hour.

The key word is personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, definite articles, and some said the place and time adverbs such as here, there, now, then so on. They are called direct language. Such as:

He's not the president. He is. He's the secretary.

Put the piano here. No, not here. But here.

When I say you have to read the article, I mean you have to read it, and you have to read it and you have to read it.

This city is highly congested.

I know more about pragmatics now.

We can't afford a holiday this year.
non-indicative words


Slice the onion finely, brown it in the butter and then place it in a small dish.

understanding of non-indicative words depends on the language context, it exists within the meaning of being above or below.

summary, some of the words with the indicator can be used as indicative terms for use and as a non-indicative words to use.

Third, the language of the indirect

language there are three basic sentence forms: declarative style, imperative and interrogative sentence type. The three basic sentence forms of the language respectively, and correspond to the three basic functions: a statement of fact, make requests and ask questions.

Would you open the door? (does not that raise questions, but the request)

You are ready. (question is: Are you ready?)

three basic sentence in the typical functions and their relationship appears inconsistent use of language is indirect. Indirect language is also available from the literal meaning of the language and the language of discourse to explain the relationship between meaning, when the two senses is inconsistent, use of language is indirect.

I'm hungry.

A: Do you know the meaning of the word? (= Could you tell me the meaning of the word?)

B: Don't you have a dictionary? (= You can look up it in a dictionary by yourself.)

A: What about a picnic on Sunday?

B: The weatherman says there will be rain on Sunday.

in the authentic language communication, people use a number of indirect language is not a single response, such as:

--- Can you get a ticket for me?

--- Sure I can. Which show do you want?

often in an indirect way to give directions, rather than direct way, it was polite to the needs of this dual function and indirect ######-related instruction.

The soup is not salty enough.

both statements and requests two functions.



4 月 25 afternoon, Professor Shen continue to be entitled Professor Shen held a number of examples to illustrate the communicative language classroom should pay attention to the importance of norms. Such as:

What time is it, now? (can not add now)

Repeat, please. (this sentence wrong? change: Repeat it, please.)

I beg your pardon, please. (Please redundant, and beg to repeat)

I must be going now. Bye-bye. (Bye-bye is a children's language, should be Bye. or: I have to go now. Good-bye)

Li Ming studies English hard. He is very diligent. (should be replaced by studious, refers specifically to study hard.)

I'm sure you will like my hometown. It is very nice. the nice no more substantial specifically where the bright side. Such as: I enjoy the movie. It's very interesting. If the above sentence can be said: The people are really friendly and the place is full of history.

His father is a peasant. (derogatory meaning of the word,

This fried snake is very delicious.

We're very delighted to hear ---

His beer tastes very awful.

I'm very fine.

(these four adjectives in the sentence can not very modification. can really. also can be absolutely delighted.)

There were only two persons in the whole restaurant. (who said the general sense, with people is more appropriate. with a person, the front often adjectives)

You are very humorous. (can be changed to You're really funny. You are a humorous person.)

Wish you luck. (can be changed Good luck.)

Wish you have a good time. should read: Have a good time or Enjoy yourself.

It's very suitable for me. (suitable word is often the subject of one thing, one thing such as The following program is not suitable for children.)

Have you heard of the Great Wall? (Have you heard of the contents of the back if we all may know, the better not the sentence. the sentence should be the people behind the content may not be heard a)

Maybe you don't know. (This is typical of Chinese English.)

How shall I call you? (in fact, asked What's your name? on it.)

You may call me Carol. (should be changed Please call me Carol.)

Excuse me, sir, May I ask you a question? (Excuse me with the following sentence after May I ask you question can not, and directly ask questions on it. Excuse me can also removed.)

Give you. change: This is for you. There you are. Here you go.

--- Are you going to the party? --- Of course. (change: Sure / Certainly.)

many teachers can not hear, use: What? inappropriate. Application Pardon.

Would you like some drink? no such claim. Only: Would you like something to drink? Can I get you a drink? How about something to drink?

IBM Company. (the word is redundant.)

The TV is out of work. change: broken.

I got up early and washed, shaved and dressed myself before I went to work. (remove myself)

Oh, I just stayed at home and relaxed myself. (remove myself)

When will you be free? foreigners to understand: 1, now you locked up in prison,

can be changed: Are you busy? / Could you spare me a moment? / May I interrupt you for a couple of seconds?

Do you have time now? When will you have spare time?

can be changed: When is a good time? / When is good for you? / When will it be convenient?

Sorry, I have something to do.

Chinese English. Can be changed: Sorry, I am busy tomorrow. / Sorry but I am tied up all day tomorrow. / I can't make it at that time, I am afraid.

I'll give you a phone. can be changed: I'll give you a buzz / bell / tinkle / ring.

I'll get there on time. can be changed: OK, I'll be there at six.

Thank you for your invitation. can be changed: Thanks for inviting me.

I don't dance well too. can be changed: I'm not good at dancing. / I'm not a very good dancer.

How about your weekend?

How about your new friend?

How about this school?

How about not to seek the views of others. Can be changed:

How was your weekend? How is your new friend? What do you think of the school?

Walk straight. can be changed: Walk straight ahead. / Go straight ahead.

Christmas gift. can be changed: Christmas present. Birthday present.

Would you like to join our party on Friday? (to join to attend)

I just wanted to thank you for your present.

can be changed: your to my (in foreign eyes, you gave him a gift, the gift is his.)

Thank you for your dinner. This is a common saying. Remove your.

I've been to Beijing, Shanghai and so on.

better expression: I've been to Beijing, Shanghai and a few other places / one or two others.

Manager, I have a word with you. can not be so called.

Money is important for me. For change to

He is a student of Oxford. of change at the

Who gave you the permission to leave class early? to the removed.

The house is in a bad condition. remove a

My parents don't drink alcohol. remove the alcohol (because alcohol drink that already contains the idea.)

We can notice an improvement in your English study. to see the notice

then, Professor Shen to students for a small test. Then, Professor Shen sent a paper to each person, let us evaluate the paper's shortcomings and mistakes, and his papers, for example, norms that guide us in how to ensure a good paper.