At present China's fondle manufacture and ways apt

some dogs who do not respect themselves, resulting in the dogs raised on behalf of the offense was punished, in fact, guilty and not the dog got to -
Heihe City in Heilongjiang
to the conflict: those who love dogs and hate those dogs. quality does not, the dog sparse to management, to some dogs who do not like too many of a menace to life: for example, bitten; rabies epidemic-prone and so on. So it appears that a variety of banned dogs and dog sounds. The sound reached the United States and Europe are fanatical countries like dogs, but also China's citizen picture will cause great negative clash. In truth, our European and American countries likened to the number of dogs per lot, but because of their broad area of ​​general household population, population density is far lower than in China, dog owners and self-study a variety of strict obedience with rules and regulations, so most people with dogs can also no problem. China's quick growth in recent years, the number of dogs, and dogs who lag back the law's lack of municipal education to instruct, so unfortunately, the dog who often become martyrs of those uncivilized dog, is part of the dog's quality can not keep up, Another group of dogs that have hate psychology. So in addition to the relevant law-making improvement, it must also carry out exercising courses for dog owners, just as automobile must bring a driver's license. Only in this way can the future of these two groups meet and security. -
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last year wrote a long treatise analyzing the phenomenon of China's dog, a closer see at the article and some vitality, took them out attach with the dispute. -
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With the increase in the number of China's pet, the pet industry in China has become a relatively large industry, but forward with the expansion of the pet industry, but also the gradual emergence of some problems. Government supervision and management in the pet industry plays a very important role. This article from Yunnan also related to foreign countries and management of successful management experience in a detailed introduction. This periodical argues that to solve our pet management system, the existing problems, the most fundamental way is the government's role in conversion, requires the improvement of relevant laws and regulations and strengthening of supervision, not just erase the dog. -
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recent online rumors that a metropolis of Heihe City in Heilongjiang governors bitten by a dog, and the results of the leadership was angry and ordered the metropolis banned dog, all dogs must be massacred assimilated (Subsequently, another source said that under the strong oppression of public opinion, the government suddenly announced the dissolution of the dog team, ahead the widespread abolition of the answer, ;
last year, due to the spread of rabies epidemic in Yunnan Mouding Massive dog event: In equitable 5 days, by the local government organizations, local dog group killed more than 50,000 dogs all light; Mouding Beijing, Nanjing, Fuzhou and other cities have emulated mainstream, buffet out, a dog anguish from governance. -
dog from the tempest caused widespread concern, and had a wrong international impact: dozens of foreign medium and international organizations have conducted a follow-up reports on the matter: way a tree killing thousands of dogs Animal Welfare Foundation Beijing Office Jeff He); And even more so in the domestic medium triggered a ferocious argue and thinking: dereliction of responsibility . Therefore, our government management system in the pet industry in the management of the existence of many loopholes and inefficient, if necessary corrected, will further not only cause public health problems will injure China's international image and reputation. -
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our pet management system exists, several major issues: the absence of government and serious dislocation. -
As people's living standards improve, pet spending has become a client trend. At present, China's number of pets has more than 100 million (source: http://blog.sina.com.cn/u/1233330937). On the one hand, heart around pets, in our country has become a very big necklace,Women Puma SF Drift Cat, client concern and catch on the pet not only has become a new lifestyle, became a life and meet the psychological absences of people , relieve stress, loneliness is an major course; the other hand, the increase in the number of pets also has a strong negative externalities: pet defecation, ruckus nuisance, dog defile the environment, and some catching diseases has become important source: According to statistics, rabies in China for many years ranked first in all catching diseases. 2004 National deaths due to rabies in the country up to 2561,2005 deaths due to rabies has more than 2,500 people (source: Xinhua, 2005), 1 August 2006, a aggregate of 21 provinces national have reported the incidence of rabies, absolute reported cases 1874 cases, of which 1735 cases had died (BEIJING, 2006). The Government for the effective supervision and management of pet manufacture not only has a very strong economic sense, but also played a very important cultural and social significance of public health. -
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government management system in the pet plays a chief role: on the one hand as a public businesses director, the government must give full activity of its management functions, the operation of the industry for effective supervision and regulation; the other hand, as coordinator of the industry, the Government must residence the characteristics of self-development industry, providing necessary public facilities and public services to actively melodrama a service-type functions. But in reality, that the Government's regulatory functions and service functions of the failure, resulting in the
government administration supervision -
(1) division of the administrative branch fuzzy -
in China, stressed that the various administrative departments and law enforcement agencies in accordance with an integrated urban management responsibilities of assortment, their roles (Table 1) -
Management -
duties -
public security organs (department) -
overall responsibility for the management of dog, in charge of dog registration and annual inspection -
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investigation no evidence to support dogs, illegal to bring dogs out -
animal husbandry and veterinary administrative department -
immunization, quarantine and other administrative work -
urban management integrated law enforcement organizations -
responsible for the unlicensed marketing of mobile avenue dog behavior and health due to unsightly behave investigation -
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dog to facilitate the public security organs investigated and dealt with undocumented and illegal acts such as to bring the dog out -
industrial and mercantile authority -
responsible for the street dogs of supervision and management of business activities -
health administrative departments -
responsible for human rabies vaccine and rabies manipulation for the management of -
In theory, these sectors cover the pet's registration, monitoring, immunization, quarantine, management and many other areas, but in many cities for the responsibilities of the various departments but is vague. As the range of some division of labor is too wide, even overlapping features of the departments have repeatedly occurred in clash situations: the manifold departments in consensus with their relative laws and regulations set supervision, discipline, and paucity of an effective cooperation mechanism, in many cases even the the case of repeated punishment, in this case, every department has transform a micro-interests and the pursuance of special interests who not only detrimental to maintaining the authority of law enforcement agencies, but also led to the regulation invalid, the formation of a , but who manage well -
the other hand, government regulation in the pet industry in the division of labor, there are still blind spots: the public's knowledge there is no support to keep up with the popularity of the work. In China, although a large proportion of the public for the seriousness of rabies risk have heard some, but its causes are unclear, the epidemic should have encountered is the lack of understanding of emergency measures. Scientific research shows that scientific and rational precautions to emergency measures can greatly reduce the incidence of rabies, so the public popularity of epidemic prevention knowledge work is very important, the government has played a core in which the publicity. -
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lack of strong punishment mechanism -
pet keepers and developed meaningful difference is that our pets are simply not looked down on the relevant national laws and regulations. While some cities introduced a pet violation penalties, but did not develop specific standards and rules of punishment for violation of deal pets with strong randomness, much social argument fall butme acts (such as abandoned pet behavior) is the lack of proper legal definition. -
In other cities, although the introduction of a detailed and coherent rules of pets punishment, but law enforcement did not complete: the person's illegal for pet behavior and not given proper treatment or punishment, makes the management of the development for pets guidelines, regulations line with the dummy. Case Study of Beijing: Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau in 2006 in conjunction with various departments for non-compliance dog behavior carried out wonder checks, the results of various types of irregularities found in the community, dog behavior 230. In this action, some residents have been to some of the departments to report such illegal dog behavior, but most of the violations have not been effectively stopped, were more related to pets has not been severely punished. (Source: Xinhua, 2006) -
management fees are too high: Pet registration fees are too high -
caress registration fares and narrated magisterial costs already constituted a dog costs a lot of expenses. On the an hand, China's urban residents' disposable earnings levels lower: In 2001, Chinese urban dwellers in the mean disposable earnings of 6,859.58 yuan, including Beijing, Shanghai, the mean daily disposable earnings was 11,577.78 and 12,883.86 yuan,Women Puma Baylee Future Cat, when a heap of rustic areas namely lower (Source: Statistical Yearbook); the additional hand, with lower disposable income residents in stark contrast to the high price of pet registration: Beijing, case in point, issued in 1995, dog regulations 43%, which does no comprise the future consumption of other pets). While in 2004, Beijing beyond revisions of the provisions, the cost dripped to $ 1000, but its share of the average daily household disposable income ratio namely still relatively high, and in counting the dog landlord have to also pay a definite treatment fares, in some opener operations in the district this annual cost up to $ 500. For many low-income families, costing a small fortune. -
In theory, the high registration fees will increase the threshold and the cost of keeping pets, and thus in a large part, restrict the number of pets. However, due to the improvement of the registration threshold,Women Puma First Round, but to strengthen the legal registration of pets who run motivation, leading to the emergence of more pets without a license. According to statistics of relevant departments, only afterward the enactment of the legislation among two years, the Beijing area of dogs registered in the register the number on the 213,200 down to 86,991, and this corresponds to: the amount of dogs in Beijing and the region not reduced, these dogs only from government regulation on the register just perished. Increase in the number of dogs without a license, production it more complicated to grab the government of pet immunity. -
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higher cost of rabies vaccine -
research shows that a fundamental weigh to prevent the dog is undergoing from immunization, preventive measures. Injection of rabies vaccine as pets on a regular foundation, can effectively prevent the casualty and scatter of rabies outbreaks. However, along to some authorities the statistics, in maximum of our pets are not rabies vaccine. To China's rural areas, case in point, notwithstanding 70% of households in the dog, but merely has fewer than 3% of the dogs injected with rabies vaccine (Source: Xinhua, 2006). Although in some cities, the implementation of the prevention management practices associated to dogs, and the statutes and regulations in the manner of a mandatory rabies injection system (such as acceptance of the individual or unit in the dog to the public security organs for dog registration, dog must prop the public security authorities of pertinent documents, to send dogs to the area, the town's beast husbandry and veterinary stations dog health checks and rabies vaccine) -
One of the most important reason is: our dog with rabies vaccine and rabies vaccine are mostly expensive and this cost be borne fully by the pets, many pets have been beyond the capacity of people. Beijing as an example: according to the classification of domestic and imported vaccines, rabies vaccine formal organization of 100 yuan to 400 yuan, whereas people once they are scratched or bitten by pets, people must be injected within a certain time of time 5 times with rabies, Once severe injuries must also IVIg cost from several hundred greenbacks to a thousand greenbacks. The high cost of the vaccine in large part makes a lot of breeders heart-inch fluke, but to the epidemic latent problems. -
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lack of appropriate follow-up services industry: the absence of strong important disaster fighting system -
long time, China's prevention system for the type of punishment. For the pet industry, management, largely just to linger in the fight on the issue after the Government set up a transient agencies which played a kernel role. Mouding County in Yunnan, for example, this However, on the one hand, these temporary disaster put out as a public interest organization representatives, is due out in the judicial proceedings, and its questionable legality; the other hand, these institutions deal with the epidemic of materials for the preparation and technical preparation is inadequate its staff does not have vocational experience and knowledge of the epidemic,Puma SF Drift Cat, but only received minimal exercise, did not provide detailed emergency response procedure of science, there is no corresponding reference to the experience. So the way to deal with the epidemic are often single, rough. Mouding County in Yunnan, case in point, this one thousand documents are complete dogs. Although stopping the spread of the epidemic, but it is paying a huge cost. -
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lack of proper shelter for stray dogs mechanism. -
in China continues to heat up hot dogs in the meantime, the number of stray dogs is increasing. Only to Shanghai as an sample, the number of stray dogs has also been near to one million. Stray dogs is that people who keep pet dogs, abandoned because mostly because of aging, disease, or owner change of heart, and so on. Most of these dogs had not been vaccinated, their viruses and various parasites ratio is many higher than servant pets, so if it were not for properly managed, they must be spreading the bacteria, an important source of endangering public health. -
experience shows that the establishment of stray dogs in institutions is to reduce the risk of stray dogs, stray dogs to solve the problem the best choice. But in most of our cities, related to the management of stray dogs in the empty and not the elementary set up and related laws and regulations, not to establish a stray dog ​​in institutions, laissez-faire opinion towards stray dogs to take or direct killing of most of the processing approach. Despite the small number of cities a few stray dogs shelter agencies (such as Chengdu, the blind animals Protection Center (previously stray dogs family)), but most of them led by non-governmental organizations, government intervention is not enough, its size generally more small, such as the small blind animal conservation center is already overflowing with dogs, the shelter of stray dogs has gone beyond its own capacity. -
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learn foreign management experience related to -
pet from overseas, attribute management experience, all in which the government played a very important role in its regulatory experience is worth learning, of special note in: -
strong government regulatory agency: explicit division of labor, extra effective administrative body -
Western countries for the management of pets tend to strengthen the management system to elaborate, and great emphasis on the participation of social groups. In the United States Maine, in the management and disease prevention for pets in the institutional setting in response systems, he stressed: in the local government under the guidance and supervision by a management committee to manage work related to the specific implementation, this committee includes public health officials, animal (disease) management officials, responsible asylum, medical institutions, elected from various pet out of representatives from each school selected out of the representatives and the local public security departments and other relevant personnel. The main function of this body: -
(1) to give a heap of public school students and rabies, prevention education, so that they understand the pathogenesis of rabies and perils, as well as its method of barricade and emergency measures. -
(2) from a strong administrative character, emphasizing the importance of an effective mechanism to ensure that all pets are injected with a rabies vaccine. -
(3) fighting the specified elaborate catastrophe maneuvers in the accident of epidemic location, the fight against mobilized calamity crisis agencies. -
the Commission issued the immunization report that 80% of rabies is preventable, disease prevention for the public knowledge of global training can effectively dilute the chances of folk obtain rabies. The state requirements, below the management of the Commission, regional officials (including the management of local animal control officials and public health officials) must imagine the local people comprehend the Maine Public Health Regulations (DHHS), has a relationship with a variety of prevention departments and related health care, prevention laws and regulations of duty. -
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caustic punishment mechanism -
Western countries for the pet's behavior in most of the development of a sequence of rigid regulations, standards and disciplines down to a lot of punishment guidelines correlate. For the illegal behavior of pets, pets who not only must pay the high economy costs, severe or even bear the corresponding legal responsibility. Such as in Israel, a dog owner for of the cumbersome fines inadvertently lost pets who are ill may be in imprison; in Hungary, the dog owner for the dog to be vaccinated in due time, late and ineffective to remind the owner, will be sentenced to 10 Wan forint (about $ 430) nice. In the U.S., deserving to the owner if the dog attacks another person led to slack discipline, the owner ambition be fined 400 to $ 1,000 nice. (Source: Xi'an Evening News) The severe punishment mechanism not only played a quite strong deterrent, more effective legislation to ensure the solemnity. -
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low management fees -
(1) low cost pet registration -
in the West, basically every dog ​​have carried out legal registration, pet registration system to improve the management of the government, regulators have brought magnificent expedience, effectively from low-cost pet registration fee. -
in the West, people's pets as home distraction has been an important part. It has not only for pet consumption is equivalent to uncomplicated consumer goods and service, also involves a more complex social and psychological ingredients and individual psychological factors. Therefore, the base line and consumer psychology to bear the physical needs and psychological needs of the public to consider the perspective of the government for the pet's feeding and management is not to endanger public security as the chief rebuttal, but in service, management-oriented, many countries and regions pet registration fees relatively low: for a dog license in Singapore need only $ 6; in Israel, pets every year just to pay the government the equivalent of 80 yuan management fee; in Japan, dog registration fee of 3,000 yen (about combined 230 yuan), the immune cost more than 3,000 yen; In some states, pet registration fee was only $ 60. Low cost pet registration system which guarantees that every dog ​​can be a legitimate registration. -
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(2) low-cost or even free rabies vaccination system [/ B] -
the same with China, many countries have legal provisions in the form of implementing a mandatory system of compulsory immunization; but differ from our country is priceless for the rabies vaccine, beyond the capability of consumers as part of the problem, many countries and regional funding for prevention of rabies often given substantial financial subsidies. Therefore, these countries and regions canine rabies vaccine and rabies vaccine generally cheaper, some are even free. Such as in Thailand, the government free male vaccinated against rabies; in our Hong Kong Government does not dictate a detach fee charged immunity, this cost is included in the pet registration fee which, even with the pet registration fees and medicinal examinations of only HK $ 80 ~ 250 ; In Japan, pet immune cost more than 3,000 yen, valuing to only $ 230. (Source: Xi'an Evening News, 2006) Free rabies vaccination system shifted the burden of keeping a pet, to ensure the government and epidemic prevention work. [/ B] -
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3. Perfect follow-up management trades -
(1) fighting system, strong major disaster -
in Europe, there had been a number of animal outbreaks, such as rabies, avian flu, etc., but these outbreaks have occurred only in the local and economic losses can be controlled to a minimum. The basis occasion of sound from these countries establishment of mechanisms for fighting major disaster: most of these countries set up specialized agencies, to cater organizational guarantee for emergency answer. Such as the German Consumer Protection established a devoted animal disease emergency response directive (EPS) to the devoted work of the emergency animal disease of the fight. Most of these institutions to develop a technological detailed emergency response plan for emergency response to provide a lead to movement, for a variety of disease, set up a different response; while most of the matter with the perfect arrangement and technical arrangement to ensure that emergency supplies can be in place in time; These institutions often exercise a certain scale of activities, experience in dealing with alike issues and management of reference approximate. -
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(2) improve the management mechanism of the stray dog ​​shelter -
although there are also in the West, the phenomenon of stray dogs, but the Western countries for the management of stray dogs, the general in a dominant rank, to work further than our nation, specifically,Puma Schumacher Racing High Top, for the overall management of stray dogs is : government-led, community involvement. In the United States Maine Animal Disposal Ordinance in esteem of that: the government must actively partake in the management of stray dogs in the elapse. The regulations subserve the government take the guide in the establishment of stray dogs in institutions, while the source of these stray dogs have a careful health inquiry, and create the file. In the absence of immunization of stray dogs and related health conditions prior to inspection shall not be given to the social option. In order to prevent the abandonment of pet acts, the government asked people not registered in period for pet-related contracts signed a promise, but also by a government-private coupler management council consisting of people on pet behavior monitoring and control. Abandonment, damage behavior will be severely by the law. -
particular note is that in some countries for the management of stray dogs has not only stay in the shelter on the level of the. Such as in Thailand, of the relevant specialists, a number of stray dogs on the prevention treatment and to carry out skills training, these dogs as a dog The emergence of security as these dogs, patrol commanders were stolen in the past to reduce the harm of loggers, and these dogs are well defended to some extent, the jungle of infrequent animals. Therefore, these national policies and measures to significantly reduce the stray dog ​​for urban environmental hazards. -
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how to do? How to improve? -
through the upon for our government in the pet status management system inquiry and management experience associated with the introduction of alien countries can be found in many areas of China can be improved, for our government, the government should gradually from fee-based managed, service-oriented government changes, manifested in: -
(1) improve the management of various government efficiency, strengthen the management of cooperation and information interchange, uniform laws,Puma Future Cat Low, regulations and management standards, and some Western countries can refer to the management committee system, to strengthen the pet supervision of human behavior and keeping the public knowledge of prevention education. -
(2) appointed along the elaborate laws and regulations related to human action of pets to be jump, penalized with the punishment standard criteria to cultivate every appearance, and at increasing the intensity of punishment. -
(3) to boost the registration fee to change the digit of pets to control the beginning point, the service charges to be charged the standard registration fee and pet-related management costs, accordingly greatly reducing the pet registration fee in array to reduce the digit of pets without a authorization. -
(4) proceed to implement mandatory vaccination measures, inadequate funding for pet immunization status, the government should reinforce the monetary subsidies to reduce the cost of rabies vaccination or the introduction of free vaccination system. -
(5) through the establishment of specialized emergency response agencies to gradually create a major disaster fighting system, and gradually improve the material preparation and technical preparation, the government in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, according to law. -
(6) government-led, public agencies and relevant non-governmental organizations to actively participate, create a large number of stray dogs in institutions, merciful treatment of stray dogs, to give the necessary precautionary measures. Can refer to the experience of some Western countries, the management of these stray dogs the necessary training and capabilities training to assist the public security administration. At the same time, improve your pet's records management system, such as the government has implanted micro-chips for pets, radically reduce the occurrence of stray dogs. -
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(author Zheng Feng Tian, ​​Professor of Renmin University of China; Qiu Cheng of the University of Texas doctoral) -