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city is the 21st century knowledge-based competition in the commanding heights of the city. Today, research and practice abroad, has become increasingly active. But also involves the concept of domestic soon enough depth knowledge has no substantive progress in urban construction, but no generally accepted benchmark and mature experience. For this reason, the theoretical perspective on the subject and the sample analysis is necessary. A knowledge-based urban theory perspective 1. The origin of knowledge-based cities in information technology, digitalization and networking into the main features of the knowledge economy spawned a . Ryser, Knight and other Western scholars as early as realized in the early 1990s, driven by elements of urban development is changing, from capital, labor, natural resources and other resource-based factors gradually shift personnel, system, culture, innovation, knowledge-based elements; As more and more dependent on knowledge of the law of urban economic development is changing, knowledge production activities will dominate the city's development path. Since then, how a knowledge-driven development in the city began to receive international organizations, governments and research institutions at all levels of attention. 1998 World Bank, 2000 European Commission, in 2001 the United Nations and the OECD and other development programs in strategic planning knowledge is invariably described the importance of economic and social development, emphasizing knowledge management and urban development in close contact. As a result, knowledge-based city construction started in some developed countries began, has appeared in London, Manchester, Barcelona, ​​Dublin, Melbourne and other explorers or 2. The content knowledge of foreign cities on the As for its meaning, Work Foundation that brings together the knowledge and culture within the city to high-quality personnel, product and service innovation to achieve the perfect combination of theory and practice, we achieved the The father of knowledge management movement Professor Edvinsson, The views and Smilor's Agglomeration of knowledge diffusion and spillover effects to a large extent determines the urban industrial agglomeration and spatial layout. Davis will be Florida cities that not only emphasizes the knowledge-based information, the importance of knowledge, more emphasis on social and cultural resources and the environment, quality infrastructure, multi-cultural tolerance and inclusiveness, flexibility, efficient and transparent government, and between human capital interactions. Yigitcanlar other in the livable community for the community. 3. Knowledge-based features of the city of London through the city to create a knowledge-based observation and research, knowledge management experts, well-known British Professor Haines strong intellectual development and ability to apply knowledge-based city of the essential characteristics of this every effort should be: first, improve the transition from the tangible assets to intangible assets, the ability to easily copy and intangible assets is difficult to make it more competitive transmitted; Second, we want to improve their ability to acquire knowledge, but also to improve develop and apply knowledge, because Independent innovation is the urban development of resources, capital-driven to technology, knowledge-driven stage of the inevitable choice, so that it can raise the city's soft power; the fourth to be achieved by technological innovation capacity of innovation and knowledge production shift basis ... .... By the Entovation Group / Alliance, held in Barcelona, ​​Spain launched a global range of cultural infrastructure and services; high-quality education system; world-class economic opportunities and so on. Dublin Metropolitan Hall and other features will be summarized as follows: advanced producer services and the closely related, is the gateway to global knowledge; the city's growing electronic communications vital to the development of knowledge economy; urban environmental quality and quality of life in attracting high-level international technical personnel and advanced services play a central role in the decision makers; through large infrastructure investments and other non-market processes to promote transportation, education, housing and planning; policies and regulations at national level is significant for the company, market rules and services created business opportunities and strategies and the gathering of the city. 4. Constitutes a level of knowledge-based city city under the knowledge-based content and features, Winden Melbourne and other scholars with research and analysis of the development process of a knowledge-based levels and the development of the city constitute the fulcrum. This involves basic knowledge sector, industrial structure, urban residents and urban quality of life livable level, urban diversity and cultural integration, and convenient transportation, social justice, urban scale; and its strong point for the development of advanced science and technology and communication facilities, urban culture of innovation, high-quality talent, human capital and agglomeration, can be expressed in Figure 1. Second, knowledge-based urban sample analysis launched in 2002, this selection strategy of knowledge-based city of Melbourne for the analysis of samples. Southeastern coastal city in Australia, the Yarra River near Philips Bay, is Australia's second largest city, capital of Victoria state. Melbourne with a strong culture, green, fashion, food, entertainment and sports activities is known, has evolved into Australia's economic, cultural and financial center, the city population of nearly 3.6 million, second only to Sydney's population and economic output. Melbourne building conferred the As a rising star, she was with a new look among the list of cities in the world, but also for other cities catch up with world-class city, and establish a unique image of the city, to build the core competitiveness of the city opened a new path and provide a good experience. 1. The driving force of knowledge-based government can not be ignored Victorian Government has implemented the focus on building a knowledge-based economy and learning society need networked, virtual facilities; and through the establishment of ICT industry associations, building public service platform, the investment community and business networks,abercrombie paris, digital network of information sharing. Melbourne City from 2001 to 2006, the network utilization from 41% to 67%, 70% of the region of the broadband connection. Meanwhile, the federal government funded the construction of the Federal Cultural Square, Melbourne Museum, National Library, Melbourne, cinema and other cultural infrastructure, creating a favorable business environment to attract business investment from around the world and talents, the formation of innovative resources agglomeration Seen rapid development in Melbourne and among the Asia-Pacific and advanced cities in the world, thanks to state and city of the conditions with urban reality, trying from the technological, cultural, institutional, and human resources to create an environment in all aspects, knowledge resources and creative energy together, to struggle toward the established goal line. 2. Science and technology and information communication is the basis for building knowledge-based city the rise in the era of knowledge economy,abercrombie pas cher, science and technology and information and communication are key elements essential to economic growth. Melbourne use their own conditions, and actively develop import and export trade, retail, logistics, tourism, entertainment and other services. The ease of urban rail, road transport network,birkenstock paris, the new airport, excellent natural harbor, the city's broadband network, the knowledge creation, manufacturing, communication, innovation, application provides unprecedented convenience and effective implementation of public Resources and information sharing, promoting the spread of knowledge and communication society. Advanced information technology and advanced to the public media also provide a more equal access to education, to participate in the training, the opportunity to enjoy quality service, invisible in society as a whole to improve the human capital gold. Network Project in 2007 as an example: - Skills training: 5 million people the more basic knowledge of network training; - local plans: sponsored by 39 local councils in the scheme, in order to achieve the local regional development ; - School Resource Sharing: 146 24-hour college network services; - Regional Contact: six network base to provide free services; - Online Libraries: Public libraries provide the network platform . 3. Urban culture cities for building knowledge-based environment to support UNESCO published in 1998, Barcelona, ​​Spain in 2003 to develop the urban planning, Ireland, Dublin City Business Association launched in 2004 and so embodies the culture of a series of initiatives to promote urban development. Diversity of culture can create a good social atmosphere, is to maintain the social vitality and tension of important factors. Florida famous scientist that talent, individuality and vibrant culture conducive to gather talents. High-quality talent is the knowledge-based city's core resources, training, attracting and retaining high quality talent to create a learning atmosphere in society, stimulate innovative thinking, create new industries. Material culture from the city of Melbourne, the public behavior of culture, institutional culture and spiritual culture at all levels start to build a strong urban culture system so that the whole city was filled with innovative air, pulsing with creative thought. As Australia's national cultural centers, cultural vitality and innovation has always been an important driving force of urban development in Melbourne. In particular, the famous music, art, architecture, scenery make domestic and international tourist destination. Including culture, sports is an important resource for attracting tourism: In addition to the Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia Open Tennis Championships, the Melbourne Cup is also held in 2006; Australian Ballet, Melbourne Symphony, National Exhibition Centre, Victoria, Australia, musical, etc. are also This collection. It is worth mentioning that there be tolerant to diversity in the spirit of the city of Melbourne, with its diversity, pluralism, and immigration to match the characteristics of the city. Melbourne residents from more than 140 countries and peoples, according to 2007 statistics, 42% of its urban residents from overseas, much higher than the 28% share in Australia the proportion of immigrants. 4. Human capital is the key to building a knowledge-based city unique way of doing things creative talent, the attitude of lifelong learning and innovation, promoting regional and national economies and efficient operation. Florida that the decision to attract investment and talent is a knowledge-based urban economic competitiveness and social key to competitiveness. Depends largely on the location of multinational scarce human capital, as companies, talent gather knowledge spillovers help to improve labor productivity. Human capital development is considered from the traditional to a knowledge-driven city an important means of urban transition. University as a knowledge repository and known as the source of innovation. Melbourne University gathered, Australia Monash University, RMIT University, Melbourne University and other universities gathered in 8 of the total Australian students overseas students 1 / 3. Schools with 3M, BMW, Bosch, Ford, IBM, NEC, Philips, Toshiba, Toyota and other world famous enterprises joint schools,abercrombie pas cher, training and development of compound talents to improve the human capital level of the whole society. Since the 80s of last century, the Melbourne high-tech talent began to significantly increase employment, accounting for half of its labor market. 2006 statistics show that the knowledge-based professionals has risen to 44.9%, of which most financial service professionals, public health care second. 2002 to 2006, total employment increased to 376,434 from 322,158 people person; By 2006, the financial sector employees reached 53,810 people. A hundred years history of the film production industry, with its innovative become a pillar industry in Melbourne. 2006, employment in creative industries, 25324, 7% of total employment is about. Knowledge-based high proportion of personnel employed in Melbourne demonstrated a strong ability of innovation and application of knowledge.
Knowledge-based cities: theoretical perspective and analysis of samples


Abstract: Overview of knowledge-based cities in the origin, content, features, form the basis of relevant theories to Melbourne as a sample, analysis of its knowledge-based urban development strategy, summarizes the experience of building a knowledge-based city, to explore the knowledge-based urban development trajectories, formation mechanism and to create a knowledge-based cities of reference.

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