The Butterfly Effect
【】 【】 【frog phenomenon catfish crocodile effect of law】 【】 【】 【hedgehog rules herding】 ; Law】 【watch
Broken Window Theory
【】 【】 【twenty-eight Law Matthew barrel theory】 【】 【】 【logic cage diffusion of responsibility Parkinson's Law effects】 【】
halo effect
【】 【】 【Hawthorne effect of learned helplessness test witness memory】 【】 【】 【Rosenthal Effect of false compassion deviation】
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】 【Butterfly Effect
Butterfly Effect: 70s of last century, an American meteorologist named Lorenz system methodology in the interpretation of the wind, said that the Amazon rain jungle a butterfly vibration of the wings occasionally, perhaps two weeks can cause a tornado in Texas.
the butterfly effect is that the very small changes in initial conditions continued to distend after its future status will cause a very great distinction. Some small things can be confusing, and some small asset, such as amplified by the system,
Why no ring as phone, then an organization, a nation is very important to not disturbed.
today's business, its fate is also subject to the Consumers increasingly believe that feeling, so the brand consumption, shopping environment, the attitude of ... ... the worth of these elusive factors will be their choice. So as long as a tiny attention, we can easily look that some management practices, sound ideas in their companies will appear in this sentence:
name of customer, the only one not satisfied arrogance so you can mention only 1% of the failure, but for the customers, he gets 100% is not satisfied.
today, enabling companies to alteration the fate of the The emergence of emulation and other newspaper conveyances, businesses sit and worry-free growing potential of micro-monopoly and open competition so that enterprises must consider all potential ingredients that affect evolution.
streamlining, officials laid off, the abolition of welfare housing and other amounts to give speed up people away from the traditional security, is emulated to resolve on their own fate. The combination of organizational and individual liberty is the result: Who can arrest the good life
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】 【frog phenomenon
frog phenomenon: a frog into hot water directly into the pot, because of its disadvantageous reactions are very perceptive environment, it will quickly jump out the pot outside. If you put a frog into a pot of cold water and slowly heated, the frog will not immediately jump out of the pot, the water temperature gradually increased the final sequel is to be boiled frog died because the water temperature so high that the frog can not stand, it has been also late, or there is no ability to jump out the pot outside.
frog phenomenon tells us that a number of evolution memorabilia, they often cause people to alert, and prone to cause lethal it is in the feel-good circumstances, the gradual deterioration of the tangible situation, there is no clear notification.
revelation is this: the survival of our organization and the main threat to society, not from sudden events but by slow and gradual process and can not detect the formation. It short-sighted, only to see local, but can not see the huge picture, for the sudden change, you can calmly face, silence place for a big change, but can not discover, and afterward will bring us even more serious damage! ~
Revelation of the second is: the frog, as if all living things in our lives, we must look to the future, sedulous in thinking of new problems, eager to learn new knowledge, can not be too with wine, drunk today Implications of the Third
: Today's society is a learning blast, the ever-changing, perception also absence to constantly update, so we should not blindly obsessed with the status quo, complacent, slothful, if this continues, will naturally be eliminated at the peak ofs, there will be faced with the risk of unemployment! The fourth
revelation: we do not simply, only the face of sudden danger, to the neglect of that little little slow and dangerous, because the kind of slow and very little small dangerous, is the most horrible,
【 physically uncomfortable when these parts , you know what that means !
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law】 【Crocodile
crocodile rule: its intent is to assume that a crocodile bite your feet, if you hand to try to break your foot,
Children are such a nice education (recommended pe, while crocodile will bite your feet and hands . The more you struggle, the more to be bitten. In the event crocodile bite your feet, your only way is to sacrifice one foot.
example, in the stock mart, crocodiles rule is: when you find yourself trading in the intention away from the market, must now stop, without any delay and shall not have anyone fortune.
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】 【Catfish Effect
ago, sardines, low survival rate during transmission. After it was found that, if put a catfish in the sardines, the situation is somewhat enhanced, the survival rate will be greatly promoted. This is why it?
Had catfish in to a curious context, ambition be to the stirring efficacy; and sardines found in more than a This problem is solved hypoxia sardines, and sardines, ambition not dead.
When an organization working to achieve a more settled state, often means lower employee motivation, An organization, if there is always a
It is manifested in two aspects, one enterprise to continue to add new blood to bring those vibrant, quick thinking, a new compel of young and even the introduction of workforce management, to those complacent, lazy staff and bureaucratic conformist competitive pressure to heave The second is to continue to introduce new technologies, new processes, new equipment, new management notions, so as to qualify enterprises to fighting the tide waves in the market, enhance survivability and adaptability.
catfish effect on the application, there are catfish in effect in the application of human resource management, leadership activities in the application, specifically including the establishment of a competitive machinery, capable of prologue, leading style changes and so on. But I think that catfish effect analysis and application of far more than this. Different perspective of thinking, detect and solve the problem is different.
First, if the representative body catfish leader.
leaders influence others to complete the mission that the individual or collective, in the smooth carton of sardines, sardines, a symbol of a group of highly homogeneous group, similar to their skill level lack of innovation and initiative, overstaffing, inefficiency, the whole organization is a bloated state, and the arrival of the leader catfish (or evolved among the sardines catfish), new broom sweeps clean, straighten punishment , normative systems, transformation process, the reasonable delivery of jobs and people, fiscal, matter, business has been gradual improvement in the organization, cut down prices, simplify the bloated body, incapable of sardines to be eaten, pedaled away, there are ability of sardine has been a positive incentive, such a thriving scene showing the entire organization, a leader in the catfish under the leadership of the vitality of the entire organization are mobilized, so that the collective power of more powerful, dominate the market, maintain market have a solid basis.
From this perspective, catfish leaders should have the retinue characteristics:
1 - doing decisively, resolutely: fast detection of ailments where the stagnant organization, and to cut the Gordian tangle, quickly and mainly solve the problem.
2 - their words, the strong style of work: technological decision-making and to oversee the implementation of decision-making, timely assessment of the effectiveness of policies.
3 - promoting innovative, results-oriented: to promote innovation, create an atmosphere that encourages innovation, from business processes, job chart, staff recruitment and allocation, appraisal and other aspects of wage design and reflects the innovative thinking, creative expression of the profits.
4 - need for achievement, forward-looking vision: a short-and long-term development plans and objectives, can foresee the direction of organizational development and human resources and the future of the existing breach, which can effectively identify future aptitude, cut out drag is not appropriate for development of the organization personnel.
5 - System Perspective, defiance to change: the ability to inspect the inside and outside the organization system from the system changes in the structure and function, we should not only regard themselves as part of the organization (as disapproved to fishermen, who are themselves leading catfish sardines, fishermen are the leaders), and should see itself as a leader in small systems, can bring the staff to open the situation, break the routine, making good benefits.
for leadership in the leadership struggle for the common goal of employee groups, if there are catfish characteristics of the leader, then the way to survive is in film, to activate their energy, at least To synchronize the speed and catfish, and to ensure the same direction (business goals), so as not to be eaten catfish to catch up, or pushed by other sardines last choked.
Second, if the catfish on behalf of a member of the team.
then it manner that new, strange, different, including different views, different behaviors, different habits, because different, will inspire sagacity, a team needs different personalities, different capabilities and work experience of different people to connect, if we are always all-staff, then the team produce imaginative, the likelihood of producing high representation is minimal. In the focus on team building, communication to the team today, applicable to attract catfish to connect the team, will give the team a brisk working atmosphere, bringing innovation and bring win-win. However, the number of catfish should be controlled, always catfish, then the whole team will be exist, the entire team to foul, so some Japanese companies believe in truth. From this perspective, the team should converge on healthy catfish molecular communication, affect the fashion, the additional employees handle with the team in the catfish, it should work on the foundation of their cooperation.
Again, if catfish content of the work on behalf of people in high spirits.
immediately many companies, organizational building and job design is still a subject of a major transformation process, unreasonable, boring, no prospects, humdrum boring job content so that people feel like a bucket of sand mobbed Like the small fish, not passion, not compliant to thinking pile up positions to improve, resulting in the formation of the collective inertia slowly. If the job enlargement, enrichment catfish effect applied to job design (Jobdesigning), and that the organization's financial contribution is obvious. How anxious, zealous work of catfish into the pond of stagnant water in it? This is a difficult learning, it was disputed from the horizontal and perpendicular expansion of the scope of work, deepening the work content, for employees to experience the wealth of work activities, work experience achievements, so that they reflect the face of challenging and exciting ecology of work excitement and desire; was advocated increased use of staff rotation in the way of talent, so that they work more joy catfish swim; I maintain that the application of these measures at the same time also pay attention to the character of people and job matching, catfish will to do things catfish, sardines, sardines things to do, post in the work only to have the content of catfish also work with the content of sardine, the most important thing is to find staff preferences, look at those work can allow them to produce power and passion catfish, and only after the match, catfish effects can play its character, or catfish, although work is set, only to discover that the work of the staff can not be moved, fighting for, then this catfish has become a die fish.
From this perspective, the work of catfish in the content of the work represents the rich, it is full of enthusiasm Zequan Li, challenging job expectations, fresh experience of the other posts and so on. For leaders and human resource managers, whether at work setting catfish work, what level to set in work catfish, will be an organization's strategy.
summary, from a different point of view, the representative of the content of catfish are different, for a practitioner, leadership may be the catfish, then your best efforts to maintain the same direction and organization, Do not swim back, otherwise there is danger of being dined, forever full of passion to the upstream and perhaps one day you convert a catfish, a group of sardines to arrest up the skirmish; your colleagues may be catfish, That and his Competition Competition to see who is surging energy greater; your catfish may also be lower, then the provocation to grow under the same time, do not forget to give yourself enrich my knowledge, maintain a muscular development impetus, or you have under the risk of being dined; your work may also have catfish, it is reasonable arrangements for their own work, prioritize, work catfish swim to the more joy, it is best to stir up work on some level .
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】 【herding
Herding: sheep where to go, where to go behind the sheep to follow.
herding stock investment was first a term mainly refers to the investors in the transaction process in learning and ######## phenomenon, the same in a certain period of time trading stocks.
herding theory (The Effect of Sheep Flock)
placed horizontally in front of a stick in a flock of sheep, the first sheep jumped in the quondam, the second , and a third will follow the jump in the past; this time, the withdrawal of the stick, behind the sheep, hiked here, and still the same as the sheep in front of upward jump, despite the roadblocks of the mallet no longer exist, this is called The Refers to the management of some enterprises in the market behavior of a prevalent phenomenon. It is deserving to insufficient information and lack of understanding of the market laborious for investors to make reasonable uncertainty approximately the future expectations, often by observing the behavior of people around the extraction of message, the continuous displacement of this information, Many people will be roughly the same information and mutually reinforcing, resulting in herding.
herd behavior is the field of behavioral finance as a typical phenomenon in the fashion financial theory can not explain. Economics often use Sheep is a very strewed organization, usually with the left and right is blind kick, but once there was a sheep to move, the other will without hesitation herd sheep, completely ignoring the wolf or close the front may have at a better grass. Therefore, the
the emergence of herding in general a very competitive manufacture, but also the manufacture has a leader (leader) occupies the main focus, then the entire flock will continue to imitate the leader's each migrate, the leader where to
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】 【hedgehog rules
hedgehog rule: two slumberous hedgehog, as cold and owned together. May be because their body is long with backbones, so they left some distance, but can not stand the cold, then get together. After a frustrating, two hedgehogs has finally found a suitable distance: either with each other to obtain the other's lukewarm and was not subject to bar.
hedgehog law mainly refers to interpersonal relationships in the
French President Charles de Gaulle is a very people who will use the hedgehog rules. He had a motto: This is also deeply affected him and advisers, think tanks and their relations staff. In his ten years of presidential years, he's the Secretariat, General Office and the General Staff and other private advisers and think tanks, no one's working years to more than two years. His newly appointed king of staff always say: requirements. This provision is based on two reasons: First, in his view, mobility is natural, while the fixation is not normal. This is subject to the impact of military practice, since the legion is moving, not always fixed in one place troops. Second, he did not want This indicates that de Gaulle is a major decision on their own thinking and to live the leader, he does not allow the people nigh me not quit. Only to muster in order to maintain a certain distance, and only maintain a certain distance in order to ensure consultants and staff with fresh thinking and determination and full of vitality, it can eliminate the antique way of time their use of consultants and staff on behalf of the President and the Government malpractice.
Charles de Gaulle's approximate is thought-provoking and affection. There is no sense of distance, leading policy-making over-reliance on the Secretary or a few people, simple to make interference in servant businesses think tank personnel, and accordingly make the name of these people below the guise of leading, questing selfish interests, and finally plucked into the water guiding cadres, the consequences are very precarious. Comparing the two, or better to nourish a definite distance.
sometime president of General Electric Company, Stone note in their work very individually hedgehog theory, primarily in the treatment of middle and senior management on even more so. And treatment in the workplace issues, Stone never mean the care of executives, but in their rush hour, he never asked for a guest home manager, never accepted their invitation. It is this distance to maintain an appropriate management of the business to make common Zhimakaihua steadily high. And employees to maintain a certain distance, not make you high above, it will make you and the staff were confused personality. This is one of the best administered state. Maintained by a certain distance to maintain the principle, this principle of equal treatment for all: both leaders bound themselves, but can be bound by employees. Grasp this principle, it mastered the secret of successful management.
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Law】 【watch
watch Law: Law is when a person watches have a table, you can know what time it is, and when he has two not creature competent to determine. Two tables and can not tell a person more accurate time, so they will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time.
watch law in business management gives us a very intuitive inspiration, is the same human or an organization tin not be accustomed with two another usages, tin not set two differ goals, and even every individual can not be two people to simultaneously bid, or will the business or personal detriment.
the anecdote of the monkey and the table
monkeys live in the forest, when the sun rises every day they go out foraging, when the sun back to rest, the days flies flat and well-being.
a tourist via the forest, to watch a tree fall on the rocks by monkeys in the Smart Meng may
do the Monkey King, Hard work pays off,
but When a subordinate to ask the time, After some time, the monkeys were revolted, the But presently, the fashionable Monkey King is also facing
This is the famous More people watch and can not tell time more accurately, but will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time.
watch give us a very intuitive law of inspiration:
for any one thing, can not set two different goals, or they will make a loss ; for a person can not choose between two different values, or his behavior in chaos.
a person can not by two or more people to the command, otherwise the person will know what to do; for a business, is not at the same time using two different methods of management, otherwise the enterprise will not development. In this regard
AOL and Time Warner merger is a typical failure case. USA Online is a youth Internet company, corporate culture emphasized operational flexibility, rapid decision-making, rapid to seize the market require that all the objectives for the service. Time Warner to build long-term process of development emphasizes the integrity of the aisle and innovative corporate mores.
two companies after the merger, corporate senior management and is not a good solution to the conflict of two values, resulting in staff completely confuse the direction of future development of enterprises. Finally, Time Warner and AOL century marriage finished in failure. It also indicates that, to figure out the time, a travel time table accurate ample.
select merely you consider is right
two tables and can not tell a person a more accurate time, but will watch the people lose confidence in the accurate time . You must do is to select the more reliable one, try to calibrate it and use it as your standard, follow its guidelines.
Nietzsche's famous saying: choose what you love, love your choice However, many people are troubled, they were
or others in the environment also under pressure against one chose the way I did not like, and therefore depressed life. Even if made the subject of attention of the achievements, but also never felt the joy of success.
in real life, we often meet a similar situation. Elective courses such as the two are you are amused in, but teaching time coincidence, and you do not have enough energy to learn another two courses, this time it is hard to choose. In the face of two equally good, equally enamored of your boys, you will certainly upset a long time, I do not know how to do a decision.
profession, the situation, no clear winner in the two management units, you will go from here? Every crossing in life, we must face the
choice in the face of conflicts, we recommend using The so-called
Psychological research shows that Maybe you can not tell a clear reason, but through psychological senseless, under normal circumstances can make the best decision to meet the needs of individual psychology. Here that the subconscious, in fact, we often say the first impression.
kernel philosophy: more choices, more criteria will make people confused.
Application Tips: clear goals, without interference; know how to select, the place is put.
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Broken Window Theory】 【
broken window theory: a house if the windows broke, no one to nail it, reiterate it soon, other windows will be broken somehow; a wall, if necessary some graffiti be cleansed, and soon, a wall covered with a mess on, unsightly thing; a very clean place, people are mortified to rubbish, trash on the floor but once there, the people will not hesitate to discard, did not feel ashamed.
Broken Window Theory 1
also called Some people believe that this theory is the 19th-century French economist Frederic Bastiat, as the target of objection and summed up, saw the famous story, The Hazlitt said that if a child broke the window, people will inevitably lead to replacement of broken window glass, which would make the installation of glass and glass production people began to promote social employment.
Here, savants to illuminate the children's behavior and the behavior of the administration could have consequences, thus completely negating the Keynesian policy of government intervention. The release of this misbelief in the overrun, put the earthquakes, put the in the campaign, it seems very appropriate.
also shrieked the Broken Windows Theory 2
broken window broken window effect, if not repaired, will lead to more broken windows, and even plenary mansion was demolished. By the American political scientist and criminologist Karen Wilson reconnaissance summary of the
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】 【twenty-eight Law
twenty-eight law (Pareto's law): the late 19th early 20th century Italian economist Pareto that in any group of things in only one of the most important small part, about 20%, though the majority of the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. About 80% of social wealth is condensed in the hands of 20%, while 80% of people with only 20% of the social wealth. This statistical imbalance in the social, economic and life everywhere, this is the twenty-eight law.
twenty-eight rules differentiate us, do not mean to diagnose, process and look at the problem, business and management to collar the vital few; to nail those who can provide a 80% profit, the aggregate but only 20% of the measure of key buyers, reinforce services to achieve a multiplier effect; business leaders to work seriously on the assortment inquiry, it is required to solve the chief exertion on opener issues, focus on important projects.
20% ------------------ 80% of people who successfully unsuccessful
20% of the people to make money with the nape above the neck -------- 80% fewer money
20% of people think positive -------------- 80 % of negative thinking
20% buy time to ---------------- the people who sell 80% of the time
; 20% of people looking for a good hired ---------- 80% of people looking for a good job
20% of people dominate the rest ------- ------- 80% dominated by people who do
20% ---------------- 80% of business people to do
20% of people do value experience -------------- 80% of people accompany magnitude to training
20% of people think that operations have results ------ 80% of people think that knowledge is power
20% of the people I want to how to do it 80% of people have money ------ I money, how do I
20% of people love Investment ---------------- 80% love shopping
20% ---------------- 80% of targeted people love Xia Xiang
20% of people questing for answers in the answer - ------- 80% of the people in answer to find the problem
20% of people in long-term perspective ------------ 80% of the momentary
20% of people the opportunity -------------- 80% of people missed the chance
20% of people maneuver for the future -------------- 80% of people only think of the morning doing
20% today, according to the successful experience of the person to act -------- 80% of people according to their own wishes
20% of the people to do uncomplicated things ---------- 80% of people do not want to do simple things
; 20% of people do today, morrow ------ 80% of people do things today, morrow, do
20% of people how to do it ---- -------- 80% of people can not do
20% to 80% of people catching memoranda ---------------- Forgetfulness is a good
20% of people who were affected by the success of -------- 80% of people affected by the failure of people
20% -------------- people in good shape 80% of people have a bad attitude
20% of people believe they will succeed ------- ------- 80% of the people do not want to change the environment
20% of people will never compliment, encourage -------------- 80% never abusive, criticizing
20% of people will insist -------------- 80% of people would give up
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】 【Barrel Theory
bucket theory: the combination of the board if the length of the missing barrels, then the bucket of water is not determined Sheng was the longest piece of wood, but on the shortest That piece of wood.
tub effect is like a bucket full of water, the same have to be flush with each board and not harm, if necessary in a wooden barrel or a lacking block of wood below the chasm, this barrel can not be fraught with water. Is that a bucket can be How much water does not rely on the longest piece of lumber, but on the shortest piece of wood. Also known as short-board effect. A bucket not material how lofty, its water arsenal is extremely dependent on where the lowest piece of wood.
rule known as buckets or short plate theory, buckets short board management theory, the so-called How much water does not depend on the highest piece of wood on the sides of casks, but preferably depends on the shortest piece on the sides of casks. According to this core content, Second, by the time the bucket, there are a ample height, a bucket of water can not be full.
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Matthew
【】
Matthew: be taken from him. Its name comes from the Bible
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logic】 【cage
a beauteous bird cage hanging in the room where the most prominent, a few days, the employer will make one of the following two options: throw away the cage, or put back to buy a bird in the cage. This is the cage logic. The process is simple, assume you are the landlord of the room, by the time people entered the room and saw the cage, they can not help but ask you: kept a bird. Cage rational reason is simple: most of the time people are taking the inertia of thinking. It can be seen in the life and work develop logical thinking how important it is.
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diffusion of responsibility effect
】 【
1964 年 3 月 13 日夜 3 时 20 points outdoor of an suite in New York before a man labeled Juno younger than pearly women by the end of the bar on the direction home from go between the manslaughter. When she cried out in despair: When everything is tranquilize, the killer returned to commit a offense. When she wailed, the neighboring dwellers and the light alternate, the attackers then fled. When she has nothing to do that, work behind to their family upstairs, the killer another arose before her, to slay her on the stairs. In the process, even though she hurrahed for help, her neighbors, at least 38 to the window to watch, but no 1 to rescue her, no one even called the police. This caused a stir in New York society, but also preoccupied the attention of social psychologists and thinking. It is considered a massive number of bystanders omitting the phenomenon known as diffusion of duty effect.
dispersion effect for the formation of obligation reasons, psychologists have done a lot of experiments and surveys found that: this phenomenon can not just say that all of the stony, or moral decay of the performance increased. In different occasions, people's acts of alms there is a difference. When a person in an crisis situation, if not he can provide help, he would apparently aware of their responsibilities, provide favour to the victims. If he refused to help produce feelings of guilt, feelings of crime, which requires paying a high psychological cost. And if the presence of many people, help the responsibility for seeking help from the people to share, resulting in fragmentation of responsibility, the responsibility of each person to share very few beholders and even that may not even his own sense of a responsibility not to produce A How to break this situation, which is being studied by psychologists is an important topic.
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Parkinson's law
【】
famous British historian, North Goode Parkinson through long-term research, write a paperback called In his paperback, agency personnel unraveled the reasons for and consequences of inflation: an incompetent officials, there may be three ways, 1st is the petition for resignation, the seat give capable people; the second is to make a competent person to assist their work; third appointment of two levels lower than they were while the collaborator. This 1st way is indeed Zou Bude, because that would lose many rights; second way can not go, because that would be capable of their opponents; seems that only a third way most appropriate. As a outcome, two ordinary collaborator sharing his work, he is high on arrays, they will not posture a menace to their rights. Since the inability of two assistants, they vocation the shots, then two more for his inability to detect an acolyte. And so on, to fashion a bloated, overstaffed, wrangling with each other, inefficient leadership system.
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halo effect
】 【
famous Russian literary immense Pushkin Zengyin role halo effect underwent a great deal. He was fanatically in love with is called Natan Li looks surprising, but with different channel sub-Puhi Jin-Zhi. When the time to write verse Pushkin peruse it to her time. She always covered their ears and said: necrosis duel, a literary giant to fall prematurely. Appears in Pushkin, a beautiful matron is bound to have great wisdom and magnificent character, whatsoever, is not the case, a phenomenon known as the halo effect.
the so-called halo effect, that is, interpersonal communication, people who museum the characteristics of a particular aspect, cover the other features, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In daily life, For instance, some disadvantage of the aged individual young people, or wear, habits and find it unacceptable to think that they necessarily good for nothing; some young people a thing about the admiration of friends, you will see him everywhere lovely, truly the so-called Halo effect is a sweeping subjective psychological assumption, the mistake is: First, it is easy to grasp the individual characteristics and habits of individual push and, equitable like Mangrenmoxiang as a point on behalf of the surface; the second It is not intrinsically correlated to some of the individuality or physical characteristics related with the declaration that such features are leap to have other characteristics; Third, it definitely said yes to all that bad on all the negate, which is a utter domination by the tendency of subjective bias. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a great psychological impact on people with cognitive impairment, we have contacts to try to avoid and vanquish the side effects of halo effect.
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】 【Hawthorne effect a psychological experimenter effect. 20-30 years of the 20th century, U.S. researchers in the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne factory's working conditions, social factors and the relationship between production efficiency experimenter effect found in experiments, said Hawthorne effect.
the first phase of the experiment in November 1924 from the starting of the working conditions and productivity of the relationship between the test team and control group. Increase or control the results regardless of illumination in the tentative group yields are heaving, but the same illumination output of the control group also additional. In addition, tests of the wages paid, the coffee wreck time, the width of everyday and weekly number of days of work and other factors, can not see these working conditions, there is a direct shock on making efficiency. The second period of the trial by the U.S. Mayo led by Harvard professor, focuses on social factors and the relationship between productivity and found that the creation efficiency is primarily caused by the experimenter in the spirit of the great changes have taken place. Participate in the trial of the workers were placed in special lab researchers led by their social conditions changed, the cares from all sides, creating a feeling of participating, feel that they are an momentous chapter of the enterprise, so workers appearances from the social point of view are stimulated to subserve the production increase.
This effect tells us that when students or their attention or attention by the public, the study and would greatly increase the efficiency of communication. Therefore, in our daily lives with others learn to get according and understand what kind of behavior is adopted by students and teachers and appreciation, and we can only live and learn and continually increase their good behavior, it may be more people's attention and gratitude, but also can make our knowledge progress, full of confidence!
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experimental】 【learned helplessness learned helplessness effect
earliest Overmyer and West Sigman found later in beast and human studies have been widely discussed. Simply put, many experiments show that exercised dogs can across the barriers or agree in other behavior to lest the shock the experimenter added to it. However, if the dogs are not expected before (do not know when to come) and can not be controlled by cordless shock (such as interruption of cordless shock or not does not depend on the dog's behavior), when the dog was the chance to escape electric shock, they have changed was unable to escape. Moreover, the dogs also showed other failings, such as frustration and depression, reduced motivation and so on.
dog show why this situation is due early in the experiment learned a sense of helplessness. That is, they achieve that no matter what their own can not control the termination shock. In each experiment, the shock is canceled under the control of the experimenter, and the dog will be aware of their inability to change the external control,
Cheap Supra Shoes, to learn a sense of helplessness.
person who had learned helplessness to become a deep despair and woe. Therefore, we should study and life in the open their eyes that see the true accidents back the decision factors do not make our own despair.
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】 【
spectator witness's memory, in our comprehending of where, normally to provide some objective certify, that his own saw, heard at first hand what truthfully human who talk out. However, psychological research shows that the proof of numerous witnesses are not very accurate, or that is a private preference, with personal views and awareness.
witness testimony of their confidence and their testimony can not determine the accuracy of the results of this study is amazing. Mrs fees can be special and psychologist Howard Springs decided to this conclusion more in-depth learn. In order to investigate if the testimony of witness something special, they will witness memories and the memory of general knowledge were compared.
they make were shown a short video is about the kidnapping of a girl. The next day, to answer some of the subjects in the content of the video and asked them to tell the degree of confidence in their answer, then do a admission memory test. Next, use the same method, the content of popular literature from the encyclopedia and the general knowledge of selected issues.
the same location as before, Perot fees can be special and Howard Springs also found that the precision of the witness recollected, those confident of their replies than those who do not actually have no confidence people greater, but for general knowledge, the location is not the case, people with high confidence in memories of people who score better than the absence of confidence.
people in the general knowledge about their strengths and weaknesses with self-knowledge. Therefore, tend to modify their test results for the confidence scale. General knowledge is a database, is shared between individuals, it has recognized the correct answer, the subjects can go measure. For example, people will know thatthe publish of whether in amusements or even nearly better than others. However, the event witnessed the impact from such self-knowledge. For example, on the whole, they are unthreaten to know the event than others, the participants in the memory space cilia color better or worse.
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Rosenthal Effect】 【
Rosenthal, American psychologist, who in 1968 conducted a outstanding experiment. Them apt a basic co-optation in the three sixth grade classes of the babies production a fuss of the In fact, this list is not determined along apt test results, but randomly elected. It namely based on 8 months afterward, dissimilar comprehension test results showed namely, the list of common promotion in student achievement, teachers too gave their nice behave reviews. This experiment has achieved amazing results, It is considered by instructors apt students the shrewd psychological effects, so that teachers expect students to accomplish the progress of the phenomenon, understood for the Pygmalion (Pygmalion of Cyprus in Greek mythology, the chief, he produced a statue of a girl he loved his desire to finally make this into a real statue, the 2 catch on.)
educational train also shows that: if a teacher like some of the students, they will have high expectations, afterward a period of period, students feel the teachers care, love and encouragement; constantly a positive outlook towards teachers towards learning and their action towards the students more self-esteem, positiveness, self-love, self-induce a variety of positive enthusiasm, these students often expect teachers to obtain progress. In compare, teachers who are ignored, distinguished opposition students from the teacher's speech over time, style, facial statements of teachers felt the requirements; these students often worse daytime by daytime, and finally reduced to the wrong units of society. Despite some exceptions, but the trend is that, while it also sounded the alarm as teachers.
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deviation】 【false sympathy
we usually believe that our love is the same with most people. If you like playing microprocessor games, then it may overestimate the number of people like calculator games. You will usually overestimate the students to poll on their preference mathematics, overestimate their own honor in the population and leadership and so on. This overestimation of your behaviors and attitudes you have the same proclivity of the number of functions is called Some factors that may affect your share of this false discrimination strength:
(1) When an external attribution was stronger than the inner attribution;
(2) current behavior or events when a person is very important;
(3) When you are very sure of their point of view, or believe that the time;
(4) When your status hardly everme kind of normal life and learning be intimidated;
(5) When it comes to a positive When the quality or character;
(6) When you and other people as when they are similar.
No material what career you study , how many you
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