Albert Einstein

Einstein is German American physicist Albert Einstein
(with Swiss nationality), thinkers and philosophers, Jews, the pioneer and founder of modern physics, relativity - December 26, 1999, Einstein was the US Chinese name: Albert Einstein Foreign Name: Albert Einstein Nationality: United States, Switzerland, dual nationality: Jewish place of birth: Ulm, Germany Date of birth: March 14, 1879 Date of death: April 18, 1955 College: main achievements of ETH Zurich: proposed theory of relativity and mass-energy equation
explain the photoelectric effect
representatives to promote development of quantum mechanics works: the basis of general relativity Master Introduction to the world's first winner album full name Albert Einstein Albert Einstein. World's top ten outstanding physicist , pioneer of modern physics, and founder of the synthesizer, but also a famous thinker and philosopher. Einstein graduated from the Zurich Federal Institute of Technology in 1900, Ru Ruishi nationality. Einstein's photos (20) 1905 Doctor of Philosophy by the University of Zurich . Patent office in Bern, Zurich University, Prague German as a university professor. Returned to Germany in 1913, Ren Bolin, director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics, Humboldt University and Berlin, and was elected to the Prussian Academy of Sciences. Persecution due to the Nazi regime in 1933, moved to the United States, Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton professor, engaged in theoretical physics research, into the United States citizenship in 1940. Has a familiar motto is: This method, the scientific measurement is relative . Obviously, the subjective experience of time and space depends on the observer itself. Einstein was young, one day the Kaiser army through streets of Munich, curious people are flocking to the window cheers add to the fun, children soldiers was neat shiny helmets and the pace and longing, but Einstein But the fear was hiding, he both despised and feared the High school, Einstein renounced his German citizenship, but he did not apply for Italian citizenship, he will not do any dependent of a citizen of the world. .. ... after World War II, Einstein tried in the real world based on his dream of peace, and the His thoughts and actions, so that he narrowly escaped the fatal disaster: an imperialist ambitions of the Russian nobility have female assassin stole the gun pointed at him; the German right wing assassins who also appeared on the blacklist of Albert Love Einstein's name; Hitler offering a reward of twenty thousand marks to his head. In order to make themselves and the world to maintain He believes that in the United States this country, in all classes of people can barely survive a decent friendship. (Adapted from, re-examine the basic concepts of physics, in theory, made a fundamental breakthrough. Some of his achievements greatly promote the development of astronomy. His general theory of relativity on astrophysics, theoretical astrophysics, in particular, have a great impact. Einstein's special theory of relativity revealed the success of the relationship between energy and mass. Adhere to the sources of energy problems. In recent years, the phenomenon that more and more high-energy physics, special relativity to explain this phenomenon has become a basic theoretical tool. The general theory of relativity has solved a mystery for many years in astronomy - the precession of the perihelion of Mercury [This is Newton's gravitational theory can not explain it, and figured out later verified the phenomenon of light bending, but also the concept of many later astronomical theoretical basis. October 4, 2009, the Nobel Foundation named (The other two are the 1964 Peace Prize winner Martin Luther King, 1979 Peace Prize winner Mother Teresa.) Growth resume at 11:30 on March 14, 1879, Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany (Ulm, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire) Class 135 Hough Street. Parents were Jewish. Father Mingheerman Einstein, the mother glass Lin. November 18, 1881, Einstein's sister Maya was born in Munich. In 1884, Einstein on the pocket compass fascinating. In 1885, Einstein began to study violin. In 1886, Einstein Einstein
5-year-old and 3 -year-old sister
Tanzania in Munich public schools (Council School) reading; at home studying the canons of Judaism. In 1888, 爱因斯坦入路易波 de High School study. Religious education in schools continue to receive ordained ceremony. Friedman is the instructor. In 1889, under the guidance of the Medical Students Taer Mei, read popular science books and philosophy. In 1891, self-Euclidean geometry (Euclidean geometry), are fanatical love, and began to teach himself mathematics. Euclidean Einstein began to doubt the assumption. 1892, began to read Kant (Immanuel Kant) works. In 1894, Einstein moved to Italy one. In 1895, self-completed calculus (calculus). In the same year, Einstein Institute of Technology in Switzerland (German acronym ETH) failed the entrance examination. 1896, by the Aarau school diploma. October 29, Einstein moved to Zurich Polytechnic school in Switzerland.
Einstein
1899 年 10 19, Albert Einstein formal application for Swiss citizenship. August 1900 Einstein graduated from the Polytechnic School in Zurich; 12 months to complete paper, March 21, 1901, to obtain Swiss nationality. May-July in the year to complete the electrical potential difference thermodynamic theory papers. June 16, 1902, the Patent Office in Bern, Switzerland has been hired. In 1903, he and Mileva university students. Ma Like marriage. September 1904, the Patent Office's probation to formal three technicians. March 1905, published in the quantum theory of light quantum hypothesis put forward to solve the problem of the photoelectric effect. University of Zurich in April to make paper, May complete the treatise April 1906, was promoted to the Patent Office Technician II. November to complete the solid specific heat of the papers, this is about the solid first paper on quantum theory. Life of Albert Einstein (8) 1907, promoted to the Patent Office a technician. October 1908 supernumerary part-time lecturer at the University of Bern. October 1909, left the Berne Patent Office, he served as associate professor of theoretical physics at the University of Zurich.
Einstein
1910 年 10 months, to complete a paper on critical opalescence. 1911, moved from Switzerland to Prague. 1912 that In 1913 he returned to Germany, Ren Bolin Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics, Humboldt University of Berlin length and professor and was elected to the Prussian Academy of Sciences. April 1914, Einstein accepted the invitation of the German scientific community, moved to Berlin in August that the First World War broke out. Although he reside in the birthplace of the war, living surrounded by advocates of the war, but determined to show his anti-war attitude. September Einstein anti-war groups sponsoring the October the German scientific community and cultural manipulation of the militarists and inflamed, issued a spirit. In the Even Nernst, Roentgen, Ostwald, Planck and so in the above signed. When to seek Einstein signature, he flatly refused, he decided while in the war, The move shocked the world. November 1915, presented a complete form of general relativity, gravity equation, and successfully explained the perihelion motion of Mercury.
Einstein
1916 年 3 months, complete the summary paper, May make a limited space unbounded hypothesis. August completed In 1917, Lenin led the Soviet Union after the victory of socialist revolution, Einstein enthusiastically support this great revolution, the world commends this is a decisive significance to the great social experiment and said: He is a completely self-sacrifice and dedication to achieve social justice and devotion to the people. I do not think his approach is practical, but one thing is certain: this type of people like him, is the human conscience and recycling of those defenders. January visit to Prague and Vienna. Jan. 27 at the Prussian Academy of Sciences as February to participate in international trade union conference in Amsterdam. April 5 -5 30, in order to create the University of Jerusalem Hebrews to raise funds, together with the Weizmann first visit to the US. By the Barnard Medal of Columbia University. Met at the White House by President Harding. Visit to Chicago, Boston and Princeton during the period was 4 times to give lectures in theory of relativity. June visit to Britain, paid respects to the Newton cemetery. January 1922 completed the first on the unified field theory papers . March-April visit to France, efforts to promote normalization of relations between France and Germany. Critical Mach published philosophical conversation. April attended the League of intellectual cooperation committee. July by the threat of murder, temporarily leaving Berlin. October 8, Einstein and Elsa set sail across to Japan in Marseille. Along the way visit to Colombo, Singapore, Hong Kong and Shanghai. November 9, in the way to go to Japan - Shanghai, Einstein was awarded by telegraph that the Nobel prize in 1921. November 17 -12 29, to visit Japan. February 2, 1923, way back from Japan to the Palestinian visit, stay for 12 days. February 8, Tel Aviv became the first honorary citizen. Returned to Germany on his way from Palestine, visited Spain. March, Einstein on the ability of the League of Nations disappointed, submitted his resignation to the League of Nations. June-July, to help create a July, 1921 to accept the annual Nobel Prize in Gothenburg. And speech theory of relativity, as obtained thanks to the Nobel Prize. Compton effect found to solve the long-standing conflicts photon concept. December, the first quantum effects may be speculated that excessive constraints from the field equations of general relativity. 1924 Berlin Jewish organizations to join and become a member contributions . June, re-consider joining the League of Nations. December, the last major discovery made from the analysis of statistical fluctuation and material to arrive at a wave of independent association argument. At this point, also found a Bose - Einstein condensate. 1925 employed as Desu cooperative group, May-June, to visit South America. Together with Gandhi and others, in refusing to sign a statement of military service. Accept the popular series award. Board of Directors for the Hebraic University. Issued a The spring of 1926, Heisenberg discuss with the philosophical problems of quantum mechanics. Accept the Accepted as the Soviet Academy of Sciences. February 1927 draft of the anti-fascist in the Ba Bise signed the Declaration. Participation in international anti-imperialist League, was elected Honorary President . Brussels in October to participate in the fifth claim of physical discussion Ogilvy began with the Copenhagen School interpretation of quantum mechanics to intense debate. Published January 1928 was selected as the Spring, due to physical overwork, ill health, to the infirmary Rui Shida V Sri Lanka, and for the recuperation of youth lectures. Published April Helen Dukas began life as home to Einstein's personal secretary. February 1929 issued a March, 50th birthday, hid outside in order to avoid birthday celebrations. First visit to the Belgian royal family, the friendship forged with Queen Elizabeth, until the Queen of Belgium until the death of communication. June 28 by the Max Planck Medal. September after the French mathematician Hadamard on war and peace for the debate, insist unconditionally opposed to all wars. In 1930, dissatisfied with the League of doing nothing to improve international relations, submitted his resignation. May, in the July Tagore controversy with the objectivity of truth. December 11 -1931 on March 4, Einstein second visit to the United States, mainly to give lectures in California Institute of Technology. December 13, Mayor Walker of New York City to Albert Einstein presented the golden key. December 19 -20 days, visit Cuba. Published March 1931 from the United States back to Berlin. May visit to Britain, lecturing at Oxford . November called on States economic embargo on Japan to stop its military aggression against China. December once again go to California to give lectures. For participation in international disarmament conference in 1932, came a series of articles and speeches published. Issued a February 1932, Océ Nowitzki for the German pacifist was convicted of treason in the first Cincinnati Pasha out of protest. March from the United States back to Berlin. May lecture to the Cambridge and Oxford, arrived after attending the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva, was extremely disappointed. June Murphy made the same remarks on the issue of causality. July with Freud Communications, to discuss the psychological problems of the war. Called on to defend the Weimar Republic the German people, to oppose fascism. December 10, and his wife left Germany to the United States. Originally intended to visit the United States, however, They never set foot on German territory. January 30, 1933, the Nazis came to power. March 10, the first is satisfied in the Pasha issued a statement does not return to Germany the next day set off back to Europe. March 20, the Nazis raided his house, he issued a protest. After his property was confiscated in Germany, books were burned. March 28 arrived in Belgium from the United States, fled to the seaside villages. April 21 announced his resignation from the Prussian Academy of duties. May 26 letter to the Laue major political issues that scientists should not be silent. June to return to Belgium after the Oxford lectures. July change in the absolute pacifist attitude, calling for national youth armed with a mortal combat with Nazi Germany. Early September to 20,000 marks Nazi reward to kill him. September 9, cross over to England, never to leave Europe. Oct. 3 speech in London on October 10 to leave the United Kingdom, October 17 to reach the United States, settled in Princeton, Professor of candidates for the Institute of higher learning. 1934 Collection May 1935 to Bermuda for a short trip. Formal application in Bermuda ever lived in the US. This is also the last time he left the United States. By the Franklin Medal. Puerto ear with Gaussian and co-Rosen, published a paper to the Copenhagen School challenge, claiming that the description of quantum mechanics is not complete. To make the Nobel Prize (Peace Prize) held in Nazi concentration camps gift of Osiris Nowitzki and swift. 1936, Infeld and Hoffman co-operation with research in general relativity movement problems. December 20 wife Elsa died. Published in March-September 1937, attended by the author of the popular booklet Infeld, March solidarity with China, June Infeld and Hoffman co-operation with the completion of paper, Bergman co-wrote with 1938 paper, After five years in September to the children write on the capitalist status quo dissatisfaction. [1] 2 August 1939, driven by the Szilard, a letter to President Roosevelt, suggested that the US step up atomic energy research, the first to master the atomic bomb against Germany. Sister Maya from Europe to the United States, long live down in the Einstein family. May 15, 1940 issued a May 22 call Roosevelt, opposed the US policy of neutrality. October 1 to obtain US citizenship. 1941, published in October 1942 rally in the Jewish aid the Soviet Union warmly praised the achievements of all aspects of the Soviet Union. May 1943 as a scientific consultant in the United States Navy Department. 1944 to support the anti-fascist war, to $ 6,000,000 in 1905 special relativity paper manuscript auction. Published comments of Russell's epistemology. December with Stern, Bohr discussed the issue of atomic weapons and the post -war peace, obey the Bohr advice, being silent. March 1945 to discuss with Szilard risk of atomic arms, introduced Szilard letter to see Roosevelt, failed. April retirement from the Institute of higher learning (actually still continue to work as usual.) September after publishing a series of consecutive atomic war and the world on the government. May 1946 initiated a The black Lincoln University in May received an honorary doctorate. Writing his May sister Maya paralyzed from a stroke, after the night read aloud to her. October , wrote an open letter to the UN General Assembly, urged the establishment of a world government. 1947, continued to publish extensively on the world the government. September issued an open letter, the proposed restructuring of the United Nations world government. April-June 1948, cooperation with astronomers Sharp Linley, to the Soviet Union against the United States is prepared to Protest against the United States in general military training. Published in Ex-wife Mileva died in Zurich. December for laparotomy, found in the abdominal aorta, an aortic aneurysm. January 13, 1949, Einstein was discharged. 1 month, write May published November February 13, 1950 in a televised speech against US hydrogen bombs. April issued a March 18, signed and sealed in the will. Neisenboshi named as sole executor . Common heritage managed by the Neisenboshi and Ducasse. Letters and manuscripts is the ultimate storage of the Hebraic University. Among other provisions are: Bernhard Caesar grandson donated the violin. 1951 published articles and letters straight, pointed out that the policy of the US military buildup is a serious obstacle to world peace. June sister Maya died after a long standstill. September Published in 1952, November 1 Israel after the death of President David Waisman, the Israeli government asked him to No. 2 as president, was rejected. April 3, 1953 Bern age old friend to write May 16 to the persecution of teachers Flowers Las Enge wrote back to call the US fascist intellectuals up strongly against the persecution, caused great repercussions. Born to retire by the study, published a paper on the interpretation of quantum mechanics, which caused a fierce debate between the two. Published March 1954, 75th birthday, through the March by the US Senator McCarthy publicly denounced as May issued a statement protesting the political persecution of Oppenheimer. Autumn in bed suffering from hemolytic anemia a few days. November 18, in the Complete the February-April 1955 to discuss peace with the Declaration of Russell communication problems, April 11 to sign the declaration. March write March 15 death of close friend Besso. April 3 talk with Cohen on the history of science and other issues. April 5 rejected the US fascists to him labeled as April 13 speeches in the drafting of a TV when severe abdominal pain, after the diagnosis of arterial bleeding. April 15 into the Princeton hospital. At 1:25 on April 18 died in hospital. Einstein's first wife, Mileva Einstein family has an unmarried illegitimate daughter Li Seer (1902-1903?), But in 1903 and 1919 married Mileva Einstein, Mileva was to Einstein had two sons Hans Albert Einstein Albert Einstein and Edward.
Einstein rare old photos childhood
Einstein's second wife Elsa was his cousin and the cousin, their mothers are sisters,
Einstein and his first second wife, Elsa
Lu Pute their great-grandfather is Albert Einstein. The marriage from 1919 to 1936 Elsa died. Einstein's second son, Edward, inherited by the family of Mileva schizophrenic patients, life is not married. Son Hans? Albert is the University of California, Berkeley professor of hydraulic engineering, has three children, the eldest son Bernhard Caesar Einstein was a physicist, the second son Klaus Martin (19321938), and the sons and daughters. Bernhard Caesar Einstein has five children, of whom the youngest child became a doctor. Einstein, Albert Einstein anecdotes spring truancy record in 1895, Einstein has been 16 years old. According to German law at that time, the boy only to leave Germany before the age of 17 can not come back from military service. Hated because of militarism,Vibram Fivefingers Bikila Pink/Orange/Grey Womens Shoes, in addition alone in the barracks- like secondary schools have been intolerable Louis Boulder, Einstein did not discuss with the parents to privately decided to leave Germany, to Italy with their parents. However, drop out, will not get the diploma how to do it? Has always been honest, simple Einstein, so he actually came up with an organization that among the good ideas. He asked the mathematics teacher gave him the proof sheets, said he was excellent in math, early to university level. And from where did you get a doctor familiar with a sick leave certificate, said he neurasthenia, need to go home resting. Einstein proved that these two, you can escape this disgusting place. Who knows, he has not applied, discipline officers had him called to go to his corrupt class atmosphere, the reasons for not abiding by discipline expelled. Einstein blush, for whatever reason, just to leave this school, he willingly, but also refused to take anything. He just did not implement their own come up with a cunning idea suddenly felt guilty, then every mention this, Einstein is guilt. About such things with his frank and sincere personality too far behind. Mr. Weber's eye at the age of sixteen candidates Einstein Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland Engineering, but the entrance is reported to fail. Read his papers to the school of mathematics and physics physicist, Mr. Weber is identify what is excellence,cheap onitsuka tiger mexico 66, praised him: Cons: that you do not want to express themselves. age has taught himself to analytic geometry and calculus. Do not want to express themselves and for the His later years, a letter addressed to friends, said: Tips On one occasion, an American reporter asked Einstein about the secret of his success. He replied:, X is work, Y is understood rest, Z is the talk nonsense! This formula works for me, I want to be as useful as many people. May 14, 1948, the State of Israel was born, but soon the surrounding Arab countries, Israel and the war broke out. Ten years has lived in the United States immediately to the media, Einstein declared: November 9, 1952, an old friend of Einstein's first President Ezer Weizman of Israel died. The day before, there is the Israeli ambassador to the US Albert Einstein conveyed to Prime Minister Ben Gurion of Israel's letter, Einstein drew a formal candidate for the President of the Republic of Israel. Day night, a reporter called to the residence of Albert Einstein, Einstein asked: great, could not be better. The Israeli ambassador in Washington is calling. The Ambassador said: man , I almost do not know about. people like me, how can serve as president? please explain to the press, give me solution siege. it. you qualified. Stan moved by good intentions of their fellow citizens, but he wanted more of a how to politely refuse to ambassador and the Israeli government, and not disappoint them, let them distress. Soon, Einstein made a statement in the newspaper, the official declined to become President of Israel. In Einstein's view, things. Suddenly, he thought of a question, his thoughts and forget what they are doing, and shoved it fell off the ladder. Fell to the ground, he refused to take pain, immediately thought: Why would fall straight to it? It seems the object is always along the lines of least resistance movement. Einstein thought of it will immediately rise up and limped the table, pick up a pen to write your idea down. He is researching this problem - a great inspiration relativity. He always liked sports,Vibram 5 Fingers, life will persist until old age , people respectfully called him Some people think that scientists are all day sitting in laboratories, tinkering with machines, calculations, life is monotonous, unsociable. In fact, many scientists living arrangements, very colorful and full of life, Einstein was a classic example. Study or work in his very tight situation, still find time to participate in a variety of cultural activities, in particular, like mountain climbing, cycling, rowing, walking and other physical activities. Some describe his work, the momentum, Einstein this abundant energy , it is reasonable from his rest and regular exercise results. Einstein on March 14, 1879 was born in Ulm, northern Germany, his father an electrical engineer. Nurtured in the family, he fell in love with science, not only good at thinking, and like cultural and sports activities. 15 years old, the family left Germany to Italy. Later, he obtain a University of Zurich, Switzerland, despite the intense learning tasks every day, still taking some time to walk, travel or boating holidays also. Einstein's hobby, not only from the interest in starting, but in order to improve learning efficiency. He often told people: learning time is a constant, its efficiency is a variable, separate the pursuit of learning time is unwise, the most important is to improve learning efficiency. He believes that sports activities must, to get plenty of energy to keep a clear head, Einstein also according to their own personal experience, summed up a formula, that is A = X + Y + Z. A representative of success , X on behalf of labor, Y on behalf of rest and activity, Z on behalf of the less nonsense. He put the contents of this formula, summed up in two words: work and rest is the ladder to success, treasure the time is an important condition to accomplish something. Einstein made great achievements in physics after the world received a high honor, but he never undeserved reputation, life has been difficult simply. Into middle age, brilliant, more and more success, a number of countries invited him to visit and give lectures. Once, he went to visit Belgium, the King and Queen specially set up a reception committee. That day, the train station decorated, drums gongs, many officials wearing a straight dress, prepare a grand welcome this outstanding scientist . After the train station, passengers have to take off, but could not see the shadow of Albert Einstein, where he go? It turned out that he avoided the people who welcome, a disheveled old man with gray hair and a hand and suitcase in one hand and the violin, walking to the palace by a small railway station. Responsible for the hospitality of the people do not welcome guests, are anxiously reported to the Queen, Albert Einstein came to the dusty ground. The queen asked him: like walking , sports brought me a lot of fun. to strengthen their will, to exercise. One time Einstein and Marie Curie and her two daughters, interested in climbing the eastern part of Switzerland Anga Ding Bingchuan. they are in accordance with the requirements of mountain climber , toting bags of dry food, hand-held wooden walking stick, climb along the trails. on the road, Einstein laughing, very active, like young men. From then on, the people presented him with a glorious title: old activist. Einstein and China as early as 1919, Einstein began to introduce to China, in particular through the British philosopher Bertrand Russell in 1920 to lecture in China, the Chinese academic community has left a deep impression. Einstein I look again and again projected to have the old and unknown in China, winter 1922, he was invited to Japan to give lectures, and from the way, after two in Shanghai, spent a total of three days, saw the suffering in China, and placed deep sympathy. He noted in the travel journal They are more optimistic than the Indians, and more naive. However, most of them are a heavy burden: the men and women have the wages of five cents a day every day, knocking stones. They seem to understand their moronic Debu terrible fate . He believes that this is the poorest nation on earth, they were brutally abused, they've been treated less than cattle, such as. for a personal conversation he said: at the time of the international community has demonstrated helplessness and incompetence,Asics Onitsuka Tiger Mini Cooper, then November 17th, Einstein publicly condemned the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in the act, called for countries to work together on economic sanctions against Japan, but unfortunately echo empty. October 1932, Commander in Chief of the May Fourth Movement In March, Shen Jun claims against the Japanese Confucianism, Zhang Naiqi, when the king made, Shi Liang, etc. June 1938, in order to help China's Anti-Japanese War, he and the eldest son of President Roosevelt initiated with no borders, and he has no feelings of the Chinese utilitarian, entirely on human compassion and a strong humanitarian sentiments above. His thoughts also have a profound and ancient China's rising influence, such as Xu Liangying, Zhou Peiyuan, etc.. In 1934, Einstein's Collected Works inspired all who begin to think seriously the meaning of life, people and country relations. In 1955, Einstein died, and Zhou Pei-Yuan Xu Liangying have published a long tribute to the article. Unfortunately, the 1968 to 1976 years, 8 years, Einstein became an in China, to ignore, in fact, have resisted. In 1979, Beijing held a 100th anniversary of Einstein's General Assembly. In 1920, the father of the modern university: Cai and Einstein touch, I hope he can go to Peking University to give lectures. In Liang funded by the Albert Einstein Cai received the required payment. and it is agreed, Einstein came to China in mid-December 1922, however, until December 30, Einstein was from Japan to Shanghai, but in Shanghai stay two days, went by boat directly to Singapore, did not go to Beijing. Cai has been less than Einstein and other news to write a sincere letter to the reminder letter, and reiterated the conditions previously negotiated. Einstein reply: that Shanghai has a man named Fei De Boshi Secretary, subject to a discretionary pei, contrary to Einstein also proposed requirements before the convention, so he is not prepared to come. Today, Cai received a personal letter, only that is a misunderstanding, but he is now unable to change travel plans to recover, I hope forgive me. years later, this unfortunate people to revisit old things, I feel this inexplicable Einstein said that the problem lies in the situation in Japan to see China, resulting in a retreat intended to: China was the warlord, financial difficulties. feel honored convention is unknown whether the North. an important contribution to the theory of relativity made sense: the proposal is the physical theory of relativity a major revolution in the field. It denies the absolute time and space of classical mechanics, profoundly reveals the essential nature of time and space. It is also the development of Newtonian mechanics, relativistic mechanics of its being in general, to promote the development of a physics new heights.

special theory of relativity was founded: early age of 16