You absence to shirk heaving 18 infant danger

1, just during the complementary feeding, do not be too hard for children to eat something
this is occurring in the body of a small Lele,GHD Leopard Grain, but enough to make me frightened.
Le Gang That is a few months time, we have a massive group of mamas in the place of ​​central garden with the kids sun and chat. Some of the older children to dine biscuits thumb. I whim, sent a small jaws to Lele. I did not expect, fair put your mouth Lele Lele was Yede straight spew. Finished, because Le has not teeth, do not chew, she suddenly swallowed into it, yet namely tiny huge thumb cookies, once stuck in her pharynx namely.
I see Lele straight vomit, horrified, and speedily blow her back, took a few, Lele finally spit out the piece of biscuit thumb. I was scared to cruelly.
Therefore, mothers must pay attention to, not because of something small, give the child to eat, small things in your view, it may be dangerous in children.

2, can not let small children play with toys
What should the child
taste in your mouth that stage, the children must not play a very small dolls, children playthings will put his mouth,GHD IV Straighteners, so it is cozy cards to children, very dangerous!

3, do not let the children eat the peanuts and the like
children to eat peanuts, pistachios and the like, be sure to pay attention, do not let the children eat! do not think that children eat, all right, and their curiosity, will these things to the nose Risse.
my sister's child, small, put a peanut mattered into the proboscis. Because the stop quickly ample, the child has Qutao, results of the more goad deeper. Fortunately, my sister bring their children to the hospital in time, there was not a big problem.

4, can not let children play with chopsticks and the like
must not let children play with chopsticks like a long thing, especially when children walk is also unstable. Children walking instability, it is easy to fall, if the holding chopsticks and the like, then it is easy to ache yourself.
I have seen a report, a one year antique child to play chopsticks, my mother restless to go to work, give a child. But the child discerned her mother to wear shoes to work to go, impatient, ran chasing mother, did not expect a sudden fall, a pair of chopsticks to shoot straight down the bar a child left inside, and depth of chopsticks 2 / 3, children at peg. Fortunately, the child was lucky, in a community exertion with the assist of the child's life and the eyes are saved, but how many of the visual impact is unknown!

5, do not give children with longevity lock
longevity lock and the like, or try not to take it to the baby. When a child so small, it will catch, shuffle things approximately your cervix, so that children can easily lead to suffocation.

6, as little as possible with a rope to the children to wear hoodies
have liberty of campaign for children, as little as possible to the children to wear hoodies with the rope, which is dangerous to the child caused a major malefactor.
remember many Lele said their side of a kindergarten, such a catastrophe occurred. Children out of activities, other children are back to the classroom, merely the child but also secretly slipped out to play slide like toys. Other instructors base that the child is not in the schoolroom, find out when the children have been hanged on the slip. Cause of the occurrence is because the children sliding down when the hoodies on the rope hanging in the slide, the children lack sufficient self-help capabilities, choking to death.

7, not to kindergarten children with necklaces and the like
Do not give children in kindergarten with a necklace or something, I consider this may be told nursery admission for each child to the parents of one entity.
children are naughty and saw some kids with a strand alternatively someone like that, inevitably drag each other, so can lightly occasion damage to the child.

8, sleep lonely must do prevention amounts
sleep alone, it is a straight consequence of the children fell into bed.
Lele once because my family to discourage ill, fell from the bed several times. Powerful 1, and fell ashore the forehead is a large sack, and I was seeing a little package to fight. Think actually afraid, if broken, and numerous repent ah!
Therefore, the child must give the child to sleep alone block well, best to let children sleep in the bed of a fence to prevent children falling.

9, try not to let the newborn tummy to sleep
This estimate
most parents already know, and try not to let the baby tummy to sleep, especially not to lie in a very soft things to sleep, it is likely to cause a child choking.

10, try not to let the children alone to eat jelly and the like
which maximum parents are conscious of the truth, try not to let the children alone to eat jelly and the like, particularly the large chips of jelly. Children to eat jelly, it is quite presumable to take to the mouth suction method, if the jelly block also large, it may be stuck to the child, causing suffocation.

11, do not have security hazards at family (furniture, appliances and the like)
I want to home security risks, a lot of detailed parents are act very well, I do not divide said.
home as far as possible sharp brims of furniture fitted with a circle of conservation angle, so as to avoid sharp corners on the child harm;
electrical channel to defend the child's curiosity hinted them to be with his little finger to poke a Xiaodong Dong skillful to detect whichever, if the socket does not defend, the child may cause one cordless shock;
parents will too bolt the refrigerator to avoid especially naughty children climbed into the refrigerator;
also to lock the drawer or with a protective appliance, so that the children clip hand ;......
In short, the household absence to protect kids with a lot of places, as long as the parents cautiously, putting the child's injuries to a minimum.

12, do not let children play alone on the bathtub
constantly more do I, the girl on the bath, let her play, I sneak in to see TV moment. In fact, my reproof of this approximate is that the.
the child left alone in the bathtub, the most solemn consequence of drowning. Because the child's body control is penniless, and something very easy to fear, if they fell down when playing, it is threaten to cause them to drown!
So, the juvenile parents do not let children play alone in the bathtub.

13, the dangerous asset on the out of approach of children
parents must take the risk of things like pills or something put out of reach of children, or children eating these things easily, causing dangerous.
memorize seen a television report, a mother is the kind of cleaner do business. One day, a neighbor of a grandmother want to buy lavatory from their spiritual home, and the mother said after her grandmother and went out. The mother with a Sprite child to a adjoin installed a number of her grandmother, on the door and then back out of work, and he is going to come behind afterward to give the neighbors sent in the quondam.
she temporarily out of work, the child left her grandmother, her son play in his home for a long time, feeling thirsty, I suddenly saw the door after a flask of up. One can assume that the child's abdomen will be how much of the mar.

14, rushing to the child,GHD IV Mini Straighteners, do not pull the child's arm hard
Sometimes, old children, because children catch up, will compel the children to run in the pull, the consequences are likely to result in children dislocated arm, and once encountered a dislocated arm, it is easy to create custom of dislocation, which is very bitter to the child.
one of my colleagues in the child's arm became habitual dislocation on the line, now 2 years old, his arm has been dislocated several times. Dislocation of the cause is that grandma watching the kids escape to grab up, afraid the child fell,GHD Diamond Flag 2011, so he pulled back his arm to seize the child, then said something of a pull process, the child's arm on the dislocated.
In fact, the children dart a somersault
naught down, but this arm dislocated, the child is too uncomfortable.

15, on the elevator, we must seize the child's hand
must not let the children alone on the elevator, and children must enter the elevator.
I have committed such a blunder once, the elevator came, jumped into the Lele, but I point at the door and the elevator Auntie chat for a outcome,GHD Red Straighteners, the elevator door closed, the Lele alone locked up in the elevator, the elevator directly on the 15th floor. Fortunately, that is the approximate misses, the child safely from the elevator to go out, but cry tears of people in common. After that episode, the children are afraid to elevate a few days, seeing no one, said:

16, do not let the child alone to play fitness equipment
certainly think some parents have any fitness equipment, the children are willing to play to play psalming. In fact, the fitness equipment looks agreeable, but the child is cared, there are certain risks.
I have seen a report, a pair of working parents have engaged business, so my sister with a 5-year-old brother out of play. Sister with a brother to play in front of a park fitness equipment. Is playing with time, naughty younger brother's pate from the bottom of a extend fitness equipment in the past, did not expect this time, there is no resumption in situ of the fitness equipment back in place, in a little while his brother's pate caught in there . Heard the brother's cries for help, my sister rushed over to help, but because the effort is small, do not shake fitness equipment. Find something to liberate his brother and other sister, when his brother had died of suffocation.

17,GHD MK4 Gold Straighteners, advised them not to open the gate to strangers
estimated to children of all parents ambition tell the truth, do not open the door to strangers. In this I will not detail.

18, do not eat the candy to strangers
In many cases, children are trafficked because a candy, a popsicle, so children must be told not to eat everything a stranger to. We suspect not too cumbersome, but the society too many disturbing elements.

men must know the dress sense (men collection papers)】 【stolen the wind drops off
men must know the dress sense (men collection articles)


three-point line: A dressed man, his shirt collar open, belt buckle and pants outside before the opening should be in a line.
said belt buckle, if you tie it, tie, be sure not to touch the tip of the belt buckle!
1. unless you are in the solution tie, no matter when and where to release the tie is very impolite.
2. a nice suit and tie will make a man look very stylish, but not a good suit and tie, make him look more fashionable.
3. if you wear a suit, but no tie, to be the kind of sandals, if you are really a tie, would never be out.
4. buy a new shirt, if inserted in the neck and the collar between two fingers, it means that even after washed this shirt would be appropriate.
5. through the man's shirt can be worn on the inside to see vague T-shirt, as a woman wearing underwear inside the pants can be as revealing embarrassing.
6. If it is not a professional hand, a 300 yuan shirt will soon be worth only 25.
7. the spirit of the hair, a pair of good shoes, better than an expensive suit.
8. a pair of shoes 90 180 per life should be half of a pair of shoes, and 1,000 yuan a pair of shoes will always be with you.
9. if you wear a three button suit, one button can be only the first line can also be fastened with two buttons above, is not only following a line, and the top two buttons open.
10. wearing double-breasted suit can not be all of the buttons of a button, in particular, collar buttons.
11. If you go on one occasion not sure what clothes to wear, then the grand point much better than the random point, people will think you then have to go to a more important occasion too!
12. an expensive cashmere sweater is actually far less than a good bit of the sweater is more soft and comfortable.
13. unless you are football players, do not put any name on the letter or number to wear on the body.
14.45 years of age you do not prematurely Diao on the pipe,dwyane wade jerseys, and do not wear those little hats squat.
15. than to wear ankle socks not overshadowed even worse is not overshadowed by wearing ankle socks grid.
must not wear suits with white socks.
16. In any case, you do not have too many steps casual khaki, white cotton T shirt or thick canvas tennis shoes, after all, only one week, Saturday.

skills
men wearing suits with silver, white suit, suitable for wearing red, red, dark green, navy, brown black tie, give people a quiet, beautiful, Xiaosa feeling.
wearing red, purple suit, suitable for wearing white, butter yellow, silver, blue, emerald green tie, to show the effect of an elegant and luxurious.
wear dark blue, dark green suit, suitable for wearing orange, white, light blue, pink tie, so wear will give people a deep, subtle beauty.
wear brown, dark green suit, suitable for wearing sky blue, butter yellow, orange and yellow tie, will show a delicate and elegant demeanor.
wearing black, brown suit, suitable to wear silver, white, blue, white and red stripes or blue-black striped tie, it will become more serious and generous.
suit and tie, shirt with how? do not wear a suit and tie bar
, but not formal, not suitable for formal occasions. Speaking of tie side can have a lot of stress here.
first look at the tie color and pattern, in general plain, twill, dots, and geometric patterned ties can with any suit or shirt with style. However, to note that Paramecium Patterns can only be worn in leisure, at work best to avoid using, or causing a Taiga.
look at three styles tie: tie, tie style, mainly in the width, the width of the mostly commonly used tie 8-9 cm and a maximum width of up to 12 cm, narrowest of only 5-7 cm . Tie is basically divided into three, you can choose according to their preferences.
right, tie, seasonal and generally very knowledgeable, the best to wear in the summer heat of silk and silk of soft materials such as tie, tie knot should play relatively small, gives refreshing feeling. In the autumn and winter to warm the main color would, for example, dark red, brown like the warm colors will result in the visual warmth of feeling. In the spring and summer can be mainly cool colors, warm supplement. So how
suit shirt tie matched it? There is a third one with the name, that together with the three color generally safer. Single flower or two, this dress that you want to pay attention, of which only one pattern or patterns, whether there is a shirt, tie or suit, then the pattern or patterns of color must be to one of the other two colors. Yes, there are two spend a single. If you wish to dress up when we should note: When there are two patterns or designs, you must separate the pattern pioneer the trend of the strength and pattern. If you wear suits or shirts when the stripes should avoid the use of ruled or stripes tie, preferably denim, colored dots or paramecium and other non-directional ties better.
Next we look at the color with the basic principles: silver, white suit with red tie, red, purple, cream suit with tie, dark blue, dark green suit with yellow, rose tie, brown, dark green suit with blue tie .
saying details reflect the taste, although it suits Gelv Although many male compatriots, but in the details of dress somewhat ignorance once again. Today we talk about the details of a man dress, first let's look at a man called a face of the belt around his waist.
First, decorative belt, and some friends love hanging on a belt carrying pagers, cell phones. This will greatly influenced the decorative belt, that is not simple and does not seem capable. The length of the second belt. After the end of the belt system should be between the first and second pants trip, and that means not too short nor too long. The third belt width. Men would lose the belt is too narrow and masculinity, the belt is too wide is only suitable for leisure, cowboy style. General belt width should be kept at 3 cm. Also, when a belt is not to belt buckles and zippers are not a line,derrick rose jerseys, may be a necessary absurd.
trousers waistband is the soul, the soul of the waistband on the trousers, trousers are fit as long as you put pants on, after the case of natural breathing is not tight, not loose just put a hand under it is appropriate to note waistband. If the extension does not go into a hand that is lost pants. If your waistband that can be inserted into a fist to waist fat. Pants waistband may have pay attention to the magnitude of change, and to a small change only in within 5 cm, to change not more than 3.8 cm Dali. If outside this range will change the shape of the original pants.
pants should also pay attention to, their pants in the line must be impartial, and natural than the straight down to the upper, the only way to stay out of his pants and center line handsome texture. The length of pants should be just seen from behind the access to the upper heel and every place. If you want to make legs look more slender, then the length of pants can also be extended to the heel 1 / 2. In addition, the belt when the belt must buy pants than 5 cm long. 35 This means that if you wear pants, then the belt should buy 36 of.
men in their lives must not be exposed from a length between the trousers and shoes, white socks. Because white socks and light colored cotton socks is only suitable for sports and leisure wear. Generally the color of men's socks should be a basic neutral color, and depth of color than the pants. Socks match the color and the color of suit is the most concise fashion. Also the length of socks should also pay attention. Will appear rustic long socks, short socks or sit in your leg over the other leg on the part of the skin exposed legs. Therefore, the general is about the length of socks in the leg the following position. Men dress suits


Ten Commandments
1, usually the outer bag is a suit of the joints together (ie, pocket), do not arbitrarily disassemble, it can maintain the shape of a suit, so that of deformation.
2, shirts must be clean and crisp, the collar can not appear dirty, dirty cuffs.
3, fasten your tie, the tie, do not touch the tip of the belt.
4, if the Department of the tie, can not wear flat sandals.
5, suit and cuff must be cut off mark.
6, the waist does not do BP, mobile phones, lighters and so on.
7, before the taste of home repair yet, wear a suit do not wear white socks when, especially in dark suits.
8, open collar shirt, pants, belt loop and open lateral line can not skew the former should be in a line.
9, black shoes with any color can be dark suit and brown shoes the same color suits in addition, the suit can not be with other colors.
10, who wish to maintain the suit and the perfect prototype, not dry season more than twice as much as possible to find a professional dry cleaners and dry cleaning.
suit: net color, the best preparations for the three sets of dark-colored suit. But there are \
shirt: collar and cuffs is not dirt, must be washed clean, ironed it is a stiff look comfortable. Blue and white striped ribbon refreshing essential long-sleeved shirt.
tie: color harmony on the line, blue, gray and red easily with a suit.
belt: a dark suit can be equipped with a dark belt, light-colored suit and belt no restrictions. However, the belt can not jeans with a suit.
shoes: black shoes can be equipped with any kind of dark suit, but not with a dark gray suit and shoes; light-colored shoes with light-colored suit only, not with dark suits. Only suitable for dress shoes with paint. Please note: the shoes polished,barcelona jerseys, clean, easy to give the impression that good feeling, dirty shoes, your humble the most appropriate.
socks: rather long not short. Dark or light for a dark suit and socks can be with; light-colored socks with light-colored suit, been able to, but not suitable with a dark suit. White socks with dress is more difficult to wear should think twice. Men's suits and suit

errors is essential clothing men, it can make you look more confident and neat, but many men in dress there are varying degrees of misunderstanding, and the overall image of the greatly reduced.
do not wear a white shirt West tie assembly -
West assembly for wearing formal white shirt is the most worn, so if you do not tie it, give people a very casual, very raunchy feeling.
white shirt and no pattern, the more monotonous, people always feel that something less.
tie if you do not really want or if it is not time, you can have three choices:
A. for a wider collar white shirt, out of general anti-child, a stylish look to come out, But wearing a suit and have a choice in the outside dark;
B. to wear a dark shirt, a striped or plaid for the first choice, so people will not feel monotonous, but also thin effect;
C. The pullover is a high-neck suit the most reliable parts, more color, but also easy to mix;
mess with the color -
by a set of formal wear: suits, shirts, tie, trousers composition, color selection is relatively easy pants, as long as you choose something such as: dark blue, black, deep beige like the wild colors on it, but if you want a suit, shirt and tie match well for the three a little harder.
presented here one of the most secure method: tie not to vote too spent to dark gray is appropriate, select the white shirt is the safest way, the suit is dark, not too much color difference between the three as far as possible all the same color, so the overall look and feel comfortable.
not pay attention to accessories -
suits and accessories may include: buttons, pins, tie clips, belts, purses, socks, shoes. Whether you dress more gracious, if not an ugly button pin, clip had a rusty tie clip, wearing a pair of very inconsistent with the whole socks, shoes and no rub. Think about your overall image will be okay, so coat your attention, we should also pay attention to how these parts.

men how to wear shirts
black suit, shirt with white or light-based T-shirt, with gray, blue, green color coordinated tie and shirt; gray suit can be equipped with gray, green, yellow or brick tie, light shirt; dark blue suit, can be equipped with blue, carmine or orange tie, white or light blue shirt; blue suit, with dark blue to gray, blush, yellow, or brick tie, pink, butter yellow, silver, or bright blue shirt; brown suit, can be equipped with Anhe, gray, green or yellow tie, white, gray, silver or light brown suit and not wearing a shirt
tie tie but not formal, not suitable for formal occasions. Speaking of tie side can have a lot of stress here.
first look at the tie color and pattern, in general plain, twill, dots, and geometric patterned ties can with any suit or shirt with style. However, to note that Paramecium Patterns can only be worn in leisure, at work best to avoid using, or causing a Taiga.
look at three styles tie: tie style, mainly in the width of the tie, the tie used mostly 8-9 cm in width,minesota twins jerseys, the most up to 12 cm wide, the narrowest of only 5-7 cm . Tie is basically divided into three, you can choose according to their preferences.
right, tie, seasonal and generally very knowledgeable, the best to wear in the summer heat of silk and silk of soft materials such as tie, tie knot should play relatively small, gives refreshing feeling. In the autumn and winter to warm the main color would, for example, dark red, brown like the warm colors will result in the visual warmth of feeling. In the spring and summer can be mainly cool colors, warm supplement. So how
suit shirt tie matched it? There is a third one with the name, that together with the three color generally safer. Single flower or two, this dress that you want to pay attention, of which only one pattern or patterns, whether there is a shirt, tie or suit, then the pattern or patterns of color must be to one of the other two colors. Yes, there are two spend a single. If you wish to dress up when we should note: When there are two patterns or designs, you must separate the pattern pioneer the trend of the strength and pattern. If you wear suits or shirts when the stripes should avoid the use of ruled or stripes tie, preferably denim,mlb jerseys, colored dots or paramecium and other non-directional ties better.
Next we look at the color with the basic principles: silver, white suit with red tie, red, purple, cream suit with tie, dark blue, dark green suit with yellow, rose tie, brown, dark green suit with blue tie .
suit you well aware of it? You may tell me that you have to wear for many years, put the number of pieces of the closet, but I guess you still do not understand suit the place. Here you can provide only a small part of the proposal, in fact, really have a lot to be said!
Q: My face is darker, buy clothes to sell the salesperson told me that dark colored suit would make me look more black and light-colored clothing salesman selling is that the bright light but can put my face , I am at a loss, can give me some specific suggestions?
A: The dark face of men, a suit the color light color and neutral color choice. As Chinese people face yellow, the color should be less choice in the choice of yellow, green, purple; choose a dark blue line, dark gray color of the warm, neutral color will do.
Q: I am a suit, shirt and tie the match is not sure, so year-round wear black or dark blue suit, white shirt and dark tie, but I very much hope that there is a change in the image, can talk about with the principles of the three colors?
A: suit, tie, shirt with a point is visually comfortable, co-ordination. Should not be checked suit with dark plaid shirt and plaid tie, if coupled with plain, striped, shirt or tie pattern is very beautiful. Dark suit and tie, the shirt can be the pursuit of harmony with, can also form a contrast. Such as the shape of a dark gray suit and tie and accompanied by pink plaid with a white shirt, eclectic. Men's shirt is white and blue color selection of mainstream, long-term wear seem too boring, if the tie and the shirt color will look great color contrast, color, bright stripes, squares, flowers are good. If the pattern on the tie and the shirt of any color to suit the same color, then the effect will be better. With the three basic rules to master the aesthetics, according to their personality preferences, nature of work to choose a different mix of methods.
Q: I would like to try bright colors of the suit, and that too with difficulty, it wants some advice.
A: The bright colors suit the degree of light shirt, dark tie as well, the three co-ordination. Can also be plain shirt with a tie to, contrasting suit. Pink color suits romantic and stylish, the requirements for color and a relatively high figure. For insurance purposes, can be used with dark trousers and dark shirt, tights can be, or contrast with large, high contrast, such as the Department of lavender shirt; tie with a crisp design (eg, tropical) is appropriate, shirt or of a tie in a color and the pink should be similar.
The white suits, pants should keep the color consistent. Shirt color as light, such as yellow,cheap minesota twins jerseys, pink, purple, light blue can be, the same color tie should not be too deep, you can choose bright colors, in harmony with the shirt.
Q: What kind of suits now popular?
A: In recent years, the strong sculptural suit simple pop style, cut slim fit, high-button, pull the buckle, slightly pinched waist, shoulders and smooth curves of the natural, more use of wool fabric, hemp-based, dealing with soft light through the high-tech fabric is the key.
Q: single-breasted and double-breasted suit and dress in the style of what is the difference?
A: double-breasted suits and more formal occasions, wear as well, double-breasted suit and gives a solemn, formal sense, for the formal ceremony, meetings, etc.; single-breasted suit and wearing a common place, as the work professional life of leisure suits and suits are appropriate.
double-breasted suit with a rigorous, can only be set, usually a suit must not unlock button, single breasted (such as the leisure class) can mix and match, even with a different color from top to bottom.
Q: My nature of work required in the office wearing a suit, I need a day for a suit? Change at least a week sets?
A: Men's suit should be necessary for the Office of the dress, only more, no less, dress number of times according to their own dressing habits may be, should be changed every day if conditions are good, but also According to the arrangements and choose one thing, if the suit is not enough, you can also turn tricks on the shirt and tie, as long as you can not face a pair of two consecutive days. Better understand the clothing culture of respect by others.
Q: an excellent quality of life of how long the suit?
A: on a good suit in the fabric, craft, the version will be of high quality terms, the combination of the three is also the brand promise. On a good suit and post-production process cumbersome, the whole, hot, iron, high pressure setting is very high technological requirements, pay attention to the living and working in nursing, from time to time will be dry, sharp, hot and keep the original shape, wear care for the last seven or eight years can be the beginning.
Q: I recently put on weight suddenly, before buying the suit can not wear, does have a way to change it?
A: Changes are now the largest men's body is fat, waist lines, protruding belly, the original suit, of course is no longer appropriate. If you experience this situation can only change according to their choice of clothes. If the body changes little, if changed to suit the original suit will be the unique shape change, but also make your image greatly reduced.
jackets bags used for holding the next two to relax, soft, thin things, such as paper towels and the like, must not pretend to be stuffed, giving the feeling of useless sac Pita. T-shirt bags, also called handkerchief on the left chest pocket, specifically inserted decorative handkerchief, you can also put some stiff, such as contacts and other things, to make the chest look flat quite plump. T-shirt inside the bag can be used to put important documents, certificates and pens, and some bags of mouth straight jacket there, dedicated to put glasses down vest pocket for the release of four small pieces of valuable items such as rings, lighters, do not photo vest so as bristle, seem dull.
trousers pocket for the right and left hand in such thick cigarette heating and put the hard things. Put pants on the right there is a watch fob. Trousers two back pockets, the right to put a handkerchief, a button is used to put the left rear bags purses, notepads and the like.
wear silver, white suit, suitable for wearing red, red, dark green, navy, brown black tie, give people a quiet, beautiful, Xiaosa feeling.
wearing red, purple suit, suitable for wearing white, butter yellow, silver, blue, emerald green tie, to show the effect of an elegant and luxurious.
wear dark blue, dark green suit, suitable for wearing orange, white, light blue, pink tie, so wear will give people a deep, subtle beauty.
wear brown, dark green suit, suitable for wearing sky blue, butter yellow, orange and yellow tie, will show a delicate and elegant demeanor.
wearing black, brown suit, suitable to wear silver, white, blue, white and red stripes or blue-black striped tie, it will become more serious and generous.

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2080284 2010 年 11 月 05 日 19:45 Reading (loading. ..) Comments (0) Category: Personal Diary

The first chapter Stop the sound vibrations have stopped. Vibrating object call source.
2, voice transmission requires medium vacuum can not transfer sound.
3, the sound propagation velocity in the medium referred to the speed of sound. Sound in air at 15 ℃, the propagation velocity is 340m / s.
4, the echo is due to the propagation of sound is reflected back to encounter obstacles formed.
Second, how do we hear the sound
1, the sound in the ears of transmission: the outside world heard the voice of the tympanic membrane caused by vibration, the vibration by the ossicles and other organizations to pass the auditory nerve, auditory nerve to signal to the brain, people heard the sound.
2, deafness: is divided into nerve deafness and conduction deafness.
3, bone conduction: the transmission of sound can be used not only the ears, but also by skull, jaws spread to the auditory nerve, causing hearing. This is called bone conduction of sound conduction. Some loss of hearing people can hear the sound this way.
4, binaural effect: People have two ears, rather than one. Sound source to the general different from the two ears, the sound reached the ears of the time, strength and other characteristics is different. These differences are important to determine the basis of sound source direction. This is the binaural effect.
Three music and three features
1, music is the object doing the sound vibration of the rules.
2, pitch: high and low voices of people feel. Audible tone the body with the vibration frequency are related, the higher the frequency the higher the pitch; frequency the lower the bass tone. 1s the number of objects called the frequency of vibration, the higher the frequency the faster the object vibration.
3,air max 360 iii, loudness: the voice of people feel the size of the ear. Loudness and the amplitude of the body with the occurrence of distances from the sound on. Object vibration, the maximum distance from the original position is called amplitude. The greater the amplitude the greater the loudness.
4, sound: the decision by the object itself. People under the instrument or voice to identify the distinction between people.
IV, noise hazards and control
1, the four contemporary society pollution: noise pollution, water pollution, air pollution, solid waste pollution.
2, physics point of view, noise is the sound rules of the body do not sound chaotic vibration; environmental noise is the point of view impedes the normal rest, study and work, sound, and to listen to people interference from the sound of the voice.
3, people in decibels (dB) divided by the sound level.
4, reduced noise, the method: in the sound source at the weakened, weakened in the dissemination process, in the human ear at the weakening.
V.
can use sound to the dissemination of information and transmission of sound energy

Chapter: Definition: the ability to name objects emitting light.
2, rule: a homogeneous medium in the same light is spread along a straight line.
3, light a small beam of light from the abstract ideal physical model established, the establishment of an ideal physical model is to study the physics of the commonly used methods.
4, applications and phenomena:
① laser alignment.
② shadow formation.
③ eclipses formation.
④ pinhole imaging.
5, the speed of light: C = 3 × 108m / s = 3 × 105km / s.
Second, the light reflection
1, definition: a medium of light fired from the surface of another medium, part of the light is reflected back to the original media, the phenomenon is called the reflection of light.
2, law of reflection: reflected light and incident light, normal in the same plane, the reflected light and incident light separated the sides in the normal, the angle of reflection equals angle of incidence. A coherent state of light reflection road is reversible.
3, Category:
⑴ mirror reflection:
Definition: parallel light hitting the object plane is still parallel after reflection
conditions: smooth reflective surface.
⑵ diffuse reflection:
Definition: hitting the material surface after reflection of parallel light toward different directions, each light to comply with the law of reflection of light.
conditions: reflective surface uneven.
4, mirror :
⑴ plane mirror: Imaging Features: ① like, things like equal
②, physical distance is equal to the mirror.
③ like, physical connection with the mirror plane perpendicular to
④ object like a mirror in the virtual image into.
imaging principle: light reflection theorems
real image and virtual image: the real image: the actual convergence point of light into the image
virtual image: the light reflected back by the extension cord into the converging point of the image
III color and invisible light
1, the composition of white light: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet.
2, can not see the light: infrared, ultraviolet

Chapter phenomenon.
2, light refraction law:
⑴ refraction of light, light rays, and normal in the same plane.
⑵ refracted light and incident light separation and normal sides.
⑶ light slanting into the water from the air or other medium, the angle of refraction is less than the angle of incidence is nearly normal refraction.
light dipped from the water or other media into the air, the angle of refraction greater than the angle of incidence, are far from normal refraction.
vertical injection light from the air (or other media injection), angle of refraction = angle = 0 degrees.

Second, the lens
1, noun: thin lens: the lens is much smaller than the thickness of the sphere radius.
main axis: a straight line through the two spherical center of the sphere.
optical center: (O) is the center of a thin lens. Nature: the light through the optical center does not change the direction of propagation.
focus (F): with the main axis parallel to the lens makes the light converge at a point on the main axis, this point called the focus.
focal length (f): the focus of the distance to the lens optical center.
three
convex imaging lens imaging law rules table:
object distance image distance as the nature of the application
down, is placed, shrinking virtual, real
u> 2f narrow inverted real image f 2f slide
u u magnifying glass
four, eyes and glasses, myopia and
correction of hyperopia: myopia to wear concave, convex lens to wear hyperopia.
five, microscopes and telescopes
IV, the extent that the object of hot and cold temperatures.
2, Unit:
① international system of units used in the thermodynamic temperature.
② common units are degrees Celsius (℃) provides that: the standard atmospheric pressure in a mixture of ice water temperature of 0 degrees, the temperature of boiling water is 100 degrees, divided into 100 equal parts between them, each of equal parts of a 1 degree Celsius is called temperature of -3 ℃ to read as: minus 3 degrees Celsius, or minus 3 degrees Celsius
③ conversion between T = t + 273K
3, measure - the thermometer (usually liquid thermometer)
thermometer principle: the use of liquid work expansion and contraction.
classification and comparison:
classification experiment with a thermometer thermometer thermometer measured body temperature measuring purposes
measured at room temperature
range -20 ℃ ~ 110 ℃ -30 ℃ ~ 50 ℃ 35 ℃ ~ 42 ℃
dividing the value of 1 ℃ 1 ℃ 0.1 ℃
kerosene used in liquid mercury (red) and alcohol (red) special structure of the glass bulb mercury
top of necking
can not use the rejection method uses the measured objects can not be thrown away objects can be read to leave the body before use common thermometer readings
use:
before use: observation of its range,air max 95 激安, to determine the suitability of the temperature of the object under test; and recognize the thermometer scale value for accurate readings. Used: glass bulb thermometer immersed in all the tested liquid, do not touch the container or container end wall; thermometer bulb immersed in the liquid under test wait a while until the thermometer shows the number of stability after the reading; reading of the glass bulb to remain in the fluid to be measured, the line of sight with the thermometer in the liquid column of the upper surface of the phase level.
Second, the physical state change of state
fill the name and endothermic heat conditions:
1, melting and solidification of molten
①:
definition: an object is called from a solid into a liquid melting.
crystal material: Hyperion, ice, quartz crystal, amorphous material: resin,air max 95, glass,ナイキ　エアマックス, paraffin, asphalt, beeswax
salt, alum, Chennai, molten metal
Image :



② solidification:
definition: material from liquid to solid is called freezing.
solidification Image:



2, gasification and liquefaction:
① vaporization:
definition: material from liquid to gas is called vaporization.
Definition: liquid at any temperature can occur, and only the vaporization of the liquid surface of the phenomenon is called evaporation .
factors: ⑴ the temperature of the liquid; ⑵ ⑶ liquid surface of liquid surface area of ​​air flow.
effects: evaporation endothermic (absorbing heat from the outside world or their own), with the cooling.

Definition: at a certain temperature, the liquid surface of simultaneous internal and intense vaporization phenomenon.
Boiling point: the temperature of boiling liquid.
boiling conditions: ⑴ the boiling point. ⑵ endothermic
boiling point and pressure to the relationship: all of the liquid's boiling point is lower air pressure decreases, pressure increases, increased

② liquefaction: Definition: material from the gas into liquid is called liquefaction.
Methods: ⑴ lower the temperature; ⑵ compression volume.

3, sublimation and sublimation:
① sublimation definition: material from a solid directly into the process gas, heat, easy to sublimate the material are: iodine , ice, dry ice,ナイキ エアマックス95, camphor, tungsten.
② Ning Hua Dingyi: material from the process gas directly into a solid, heat
chapter a current
2, the provisions of direction: the direction of movement of positive charge the direction of the current provisions.
3, the conditions for sustained current:
circuit in the power circuit to access
4, the current three effects.
(1), heating effect of current. (2), current magnetic effects. (3), current chemistry.
5, unit: (1), the International Unit: A (2), commonly used units: mA, μA
(3) , conversion relationship: 1A = 1000mA 1mA = 1000μA
6, measuring: First, the electric power:
1, define: current work done by a certain circuit called the electric power.
2, in real terms: the current process of doing work, the actual energy is converted into other forms of energy (power consumption) process.
3, states: current work done by a certain circuit, this circuit is equal to the voltage across the current in the circuit and the power-time product.
4, the formula: W = UIt = Pt (applicable to all circuits)
For pure resistance circuit can be derived from: W = I2Rt = U2t / R
5 , unit: International unit is the joule (J) common unit: degree (kwh) 1 ° = 1 kWh = 1 kwh = 3.6 × 106J
6, measurement of electric power:
⑴ Meter: measuring the user to use electrical appliances made in the power of a period of time power (power consumption of a certain period of time) of the instrument.
⑵ power meter on the
⑶ reading: meter readings before and after the difference between the two is the degree of electricity during this period.
Second, the electric power:
1, Definition: current work done per unit time.
2, the physical meaning: that the current pace of physical work done depends on the brightness of the lamp bulb the size of the actual power.
3, electric power formula: P = UI = W / t (for all circuits)
For pure resistance circuit can be derived: P = I2R = U2 / R
4, Unit: IU Watt (W) common units: kilowatt (kw)
5, rated power and actual power:
⑴ Rated voltage: when working with electrical voltage.
Rated Power: The electrical power at rated voltage. P = U Amount Amount Amount = U2 amount of I / R
⑵
P = W / t can be used two sets of units: UI ② Circuit:
three electric
1, Experiment: Objective: To study the heat current through a conductor with those factors.
2, Joule's law: the heat generated by current through a conductor with the current proportional to the square is proportional with the resistance of the conductor, with the power proportional to the time.
3, the formula: Q = I2Rt (applicable to all circuits) for the pure resistance circuit can be derived: Q = UIt = U2t / R = W = Pt
4, Application - electric heater
four power consumption
(a), the family circuit:
1, the family circuit components: low-voltage power lines (FireWire zero line), power meter, knife switch, fuse, electrical appliances, sockets, lamp holders, switch.
2, the family connection to the circuit: in parallel with electrical access to a variety of circuits, receptacles and lampholders are connected in parallel to control the use of electrical switches and electrical work is in series.
3, the various parts of the circuit family:
⑴ low-voltage power lines:
⑵ Meter:
⑶ Knife (air switch):
⑷ fuse box:
⑸ outlet:
⑹ appliances (light),air max tn360, switch:
(b), family reasons for overcurrent circuit:
reasons: a short circuit, the total electrical power used is too large.
(c), safe use of electricity:
safe use of electricity: do not touch the body do not live near high-voltage low-voltage electrified body
Chapter VI, (a), the role of voltage
1, the formation of current in voltage: the voltage to the circuit directional movement in the formation of free charge current. Power is to provide a voltage device.
2, the circuit conditions for sustained current ① circuit in power supply (or circuit voltage at both ends) ② circuit is connected.
(b), the voltage of the unit
1, international units: V common unit: kV mV, μV
conversion relationship: 1Kv = 1000V 1V = 1000 mV 1 mV = 1000μV
2, remember Some voltage values: a battery 1.5V a battery voltage of 220V 2V family safe voltage is not higher than 36V
(c), voltage measurement :
1, instrument: voltage meter, symbol:
2, reading When the subject of the terminal to see the range, one big grid, each small grid voltage
3, using the rules: ① voltage meter to be parallel in the circuit.
② current from the voltage meter Otherwise, the pointer will reverse bias.
③ voltmeter measured the voltage should not exceed the maximum range.
Second, resistance
(a ) of the definition and symbols:
1, definition: resistance that hinder the role of conductor on the current size.
2, symbol: R.
(b) Unit:
1, international units : ohms. Provides that: If the voltage across the conductor is 1V, the current through the conductor is 1A, this conductor resistance is 1Ω.
2, commonly used units: thousands of Europe, megohm.
3, conversion : 1MΩ = 1000KΩ 1 KΩ = 1000Ω
4, to understand some resistance: a small flashlight bulb, the filament resistance of a few dozen in Europe to Europe. Daily use of the incandescent filament resistance of a few hundred to several thousand Euro in Europe. Laboratory of copper wire, resistance is less than a few percent of Europe. Zero resistance ammeter as a few ohms. The internal resistance of voltage meter is about for thousands of Europe.
(c) factors:
Conclusion: resistance of the conductor is a conductor's own nature, its size depends on the conductor material, length and cross sectional area, but also with the temperature.
(d) classification
1, set the value of resistance: Circuit symbol:.
2, variable resistor (rheostat): circuit symbols.
⑴ sliding rheostat:
Construction: ceramic tube, coil, slide film, metal rods, terminal
structure diagram:
.
variable resistance principle: access to the circuit by changing the length of the resistance line to change the resistance.
functions: ① the resistance of the circuit by changing gradually change the current in the circuit and the voltage across some circuit protection circuit
⑵ ② resistance box.
Third, Ohm's law.
1, to explore current and voltage,办公技巧, resistance relationship.
Conclusion: The resistance of certain circumstances, the conductor of the current and the increase is proportional to the voltage across the conductor; in the case of constant voltage, the current conductor is inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor.
2, the content of Ohm's law: the current conductor, with the voltage across the conductor is proportional to the resistance is inversely proportional with the conductor.
3, mathematical expressions I = U / R
IV TESTING RESISTANCE
1, definition: a voltmeter and ammeter circuits were measured voltage across a conductor and through the current Ohm's law can be calculated according to the resistance of the conductor, this resistor with a voltage meter ammeter method is called voltammetry.
2, the principle: I = U / R
3, the schematic : (right)
five series circuit features:
1, current: Text: series circuit currents are equal around.
letter: I = I1 = I2 = I3 = ... ... In
2, Voltage: Text: series circuit the total voltage is equal to the sum of all parts of the circuit voltage.
letter: U = U1 + U2 + U3 + ... ... Un
3, Resistance: Text: The total resistance of series circuit is equal to the sum of all parts of the circuit resistance.
letters: R = R1 + R2 + R3 + ... ... Rn
six parallel circuit characteristics :
1, current: Text: parallel circuit the total current is equal to the sum of current in each branch.
letter: I = I1 + I2 + I3 + ... ... In
2 , Voltage: Text: parallel circuit the voltage across each branch are equal.
letter: U = U1 = U2 = U3 = ... ... Un
3, Resistance: Text: parallel circuit is equal to the reciprocal of total resistance of each branch resistance reciprocals.
letters: 1 / R = 1/R1 +1 / R2 +1 / R3 + ... ... 1/Rn
Chapter VIII of the, Magnetic: Magnets attract iron, cobalt, nickel and other material properties (absorption of iron)
2, magnet: Definition: a magnetic material
Category: permanent magnet is divided into natural and artificial magnets
3, the magnetic pole : Definition: the strongest part of the magnet is called magnetic poles. (The weakest among the strongest magnets at both ends)
Type: free rotation of the magnet level, the guide is called the Antarctic pole (S), refers to the north magnetic pole is called the Arctic (N)
role of law: the same name as mutually exclusive poles, Synonyms poles attract each other.
4, magnetization: ① Definition: to make objects that have not received magnetic magnetic process.
② magnetized steel and soft iron: soft iron is magnetized, the magnetic easy to disappear, known as soft magnetic materials. Steel is magnetized, the magnetic properties of long-term, referred to as hard magnetic materials.
Second, the magnetic field:
1, definition: the existence of the material surrounding the magnet, it is an invisible, intangible special material.
2, basic properties: the magnetic field into which the magnets have on the force. The interaction between magnetic poles by magnetic field occur.
3, the direction of states: a point in a magnetic field, a small needle under the direction of the North Pole rest (small needle in the direction of magnetic North Pole suffered) is the point of the magnetic field direction.
4, magnetic flux lines:
① Definition: some paintings in the magnetic field direction of the curve. Direction of the curve at any point on the point of needle related to the North Pole under the same direction.
② direction: a sense of magnet wire around the magnetic North Pole is from the magnets out,100 million songs sad songs Daquan ※ Tour Beauty ※ - Qzone log, back to the South Pole magnets.
5, magnetic force: a point in a magnetic field, the direction of magnetic North Pole suffered with the magnetic field at that point the same direction, the direction of the Antarctic suffered with the magnetic field points in opposite directions.
6, Category:
Ι, the geomagnetic field:
① Definition: there is space around the Earth's magnetic field, the needle guide to the North was due to magnetic field.
② poles: the North Pole to the magnetic field near the geographic South Pole, the geomagnetic field near the South Pole in the geographic North Pole.
③ magnetic declination: the first discovery by the Shen Kuo of the Song Dynasty.
Ⅱ, current magnetic field:
① Oersted experiment: there is the magnetic field around the power wires, known as the current magnetic effects. The phenomenon in 1820 Danish physicist Oersted was found. This phenomenon indicates that: there is the magnetic field around the power wires, and on the direction of the magnetic field and current.
② the magnetic field of Galvanized: Galvanized bar magnet magnetic field and magnetic field of the same. Polarity at both ends with the current direction is related to the current direction of the relationship between magnetic poles is set to judge by the amp.
③ Application: Solenoid
three electromagnetic induction:
1, History: British physicist Michael Faraday discovered.
2, the induced current:
induced current in the direction of the conductor with the direction of motion and magnetic field related.
4, Application - alternator
5, AC and DC:
Fourth, the role of magnetic fields on the current:
1, energized conductor in a magnetic field in the direction of the force, with the current direction and For the magnetic field direction.
2, Applications - DC motor
Chapter molecular composition of the
3, solid, liquid and gaseous micro-model:
4, atomic structure
5, nano science and technology
Second, the quality:
1, Definition: substances contained objects the number of call quality.
2, Unit: International System of Units: Main unit kg, commonly used units: tg mg
3, the quality of understanding: the quality of solid form with the objects, status, location, temperature change, so the quality is the object itself of a property.
4, measurement:
Second, density:
1, definition: a substance per unit volume is called the quality of the density of the substance.
2, formula: deformation

3, Unit: International System of Units: Main unit kg/m3, common units of g/cm3. Comparison of two units: g/cm3 units large. Unit conversion relationship: 1g/cm3 = 103kg/m3 1kg/m3 = 10-3g / cm3 the density of water 1.0 × 103kg/m3, read as 1.0 × 103 kg per cubic meter, which indicates the physical meaning is: 1 cubic meter Water quality is 1.0 × 103 kg.
4, measuring the volume - measuring cylinder (cup)
5, measuring the density of the solid



Chapter XI, material
1, define: To study the motion of an object assuming the object is called the fixed point of reference.
2, can be any object reference
3, choose a different object reference to observe the same conclusion may be different. The same motion or stationary object is dependent on the selected frame of reference, this is the relativity of movement and stillness.
Second, the mechanical movement
1, Definition: Physical changes in the location of the object is called the mechanical motion.
2, features: mechanical movement is the most common phenomenon in the universe.
3, comparing the speed of object motion method:
⑴ the same time, the movement away from long-distance fast
⑵ the same time, the movement quickly
⑶ short comparison unit time away.
Category: (based on movement routes) ⑴ curved linear motion
Ⅰ ⑵ uniform linear motion:
A, Definition: same speed along the straight line motion is called uniform motion.
Definition: uniform motion, speed equal to the moving object in the distance per unit time.
physical meaning: the movement of objects as fast as the speed of the physical quantities that
formula:
B, speed : International System of Units m / s transport unit km / h in the two units of m / s units big.
Conversion: 1m / s = 3.6km / h.
Ⅱ variable motion:
definition: the movement velocity of change is called variable motion.
average speed: total time = total distance
physical meaning: that the average speed of variable speed motion
five, force the effect
1, the concept of force: force is the role of objects on the object.
2 the nature of power: the role of forces between objects to each other (in any case the interaction force is equal and opposite effects on different objects.) Interaction between two objects when the object is also the force of a body, and vice versa, is also the force of a body object.
3, effect of force: force can change an object's motion state. Force can change the shape of the object.
4, a unit of force: The International System of Units in a unit of force is the Newton referred to as cows, with N said.
perceptual force: two eggs about the force used by 1N.
5, force measurement:
⑴ dynamometer: a tool for measuring the size of the force.
⑶ spring dynamometer:
6, the three elements of power: force size, direction, and function points.
7, force representation
six, inertia, and inertia:
1,青海玉树地震捐款排行榜，是中国人的就看，唤醒爱国热, Newton's First Law:
⑴ content of Newton's first law: all the objects in the absence of a force of the effects of The total remain at rest or of uniform linear motion state.
2, inertia:
⑴ definition: the object properties remain constant state of motion is called inertia.
⑵ Description: Inertia is a property of objects. In any case, all objects have inertia.
seven, two force balance:
1, definition: objects in the role by the two forces, if they can remain at rest or of uniform linear motion, said second state of equilibrium .
2, two equilibrium conditions: two forces acting on the same object, the size of the equal and opposite, the two forces in a straight line
3, the relationship between force and motion states:
force conditions of the object Motion of the state that force is not generated


(maintain) the reasons for movement
together by non-equilibrium force
0
force is not the object is to change the state of motion because

Chapter XII,
2, plastic: deformation occurs in the force, loss of power can not restore the original shape of the nature of the call plasticity.
3, elastic: the elastic deformation of the object by the force is called elastic, elastic deformation of the size of the size and flexibility
Second, gravity:
⑴ the concept of gravity: objects near the ground, as the Earth by the force of attraction which is called gravity. Force of gravity an object is: Earth.
⑵ formula for calculating the size of gravity G = mg where g = 9.8N/kg It said the quality suffered 1kg object gravity 9.8 N.
⑶ gravity direction: straight down the application is re-vertical, a level, if the wall were examined whether the level of vertical and surface.
⑷ point of gravity - the center of gravity:
three friction:
1, definition: two objects in contact with each other, when they want to or have occurred relative movement will be in contact with surface hinder the relative motion to generate a force called friction.
2, Category

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2080284 2010 年 11 月 05 日 19:45 Reading (loading. ..) Comments (0) Category: Personal Diary

The first chapter Stop the sound vibrations have stopped. Vibrating object call source.
2, voice transmission requires medium vacuum can not transfer sound.
3, the sound propagation velocity in the medium referred to the speed of sound. Sound in air at 15 ℃, the propagation velocity is 340m / s.
4, the echo is due to the propagation of sound is reflected back to encounter obstacles formed.
Second, how do we hear the sound
1, the sound in the ears of transmission: the outside world heard the voice of the tympanic membrane caused by vibration, the vibration by the ossicles and other organizations to pass the auditory nerve, auditory nerve to signal to the brain, people heard the sound.
2, deafness: is divided into nerve deafness and conduction deafness.
3, bone conduction: the transmission of sound can be used not only the ears, but also by skull, jaws spread to the auditory nerve, causing hearing. This is called bone conduction of sound conduction. Some loss of hearing people can hear the sound this way.
4, binaural effect: People have two ears, rather than one. Sound source to the general different from the two ears, the sound reached the ears of the time, strength and other characteristics is different. These differences are important to determine the basis of sound source direction. This is the binaural effect.
Three music and three features
1, music is the object doing the sound vibration of the rules.
2, pitch: high and low voices of people feel. Audible tone the body with the vibration frequency are related, the higher the frequency the higher the pitch; frequency the lower the bass tone. 1s the number of objects called the frequency of vibration, the higher the frequency the faster the object vibration.
3,air max 360 iii, loudness: the voice of people feel the size of the ear. Loudness and the amplitude of the body with the occurrence of distances from the sound on. Object vibration, the maximum distance from the original position is called amplitude. The greater the amplitude the greater the loudness.
4, sound: the decision by the object itself. People under the instrument or voice to identify the distinction between people.
IV, noise hazards and control
1, the four contemporary society pollution: noise pollution, water pollution, air pollution, solid waste pollution.
2, physics point of view, noise is the sound rules of the body do not sound chaotic vibration; environmental noise is the point of view impedes the normal rest, study and work, sound, and to listen to people interference from the sound of the voice.
3, people in decibels (dB) divided by the sound level.
4, reduced noise, the method: in the sound source at the weakened, weakened in the dissemination process, in the human ear at the weakening.
V.
can use sound to the dissemination of information and transmission of sound energy

Chapter: Definition: the ability to name objects emitting light.
2, rule: a homogeneous medium in the same light is spread along a straight line.
3, light a small beam of light from the abstract ideal physical model established, the establishment of an ideal physical model is to study the physics of the commonly used methods.
4, applications and phenomena:
① laser alignment.
② shadow formation.
③ eclipses formation.
④ pinhole imaging.
5, the speed of light: C = 3 × 108m / s = 3 × 105km / s.
Second, the light reflection
1, definition: a medium of light fired from the surface of another medium, part of the light is reflected back to the original media, the phenomenon is called the reflection of light.
2, law of reflection: reflected light and incident light, normal in the same plane, the reflected light and incident light separated the sides in the normal, the angle of reflection equals angle of incidence. A coherent state of light reflection road is reversible.
3, Category:
⑴ mirror reflection:
Definition: parallel light hitting the object plane is still parallel after reflection
conditions: smooth reflective surface.
⑵ diffuse reflection:
Definition: hitting the material surface after reflection of parallel light toward different directions, each light to comply with the law of reflection of light.
conditions: reflective surface uneven.
4, mirror :
⑴ plane mirror: Imaging Features: ① like, things like equal
②, physical distance is equal to the mirror.
③ like, physical connection with the mirror plane perpendicular to
④ object like a mirror in the virtual image into.
imaging principle: light reflection theorems
real image and virtual image: the real image: the actual convergence point of light into the image
virtual image: the light reflected back by the extension cord into the converging point of the image
III color and invisible light
1, the composition of white light: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet.
2, can not see the light: infrared, ultraviolet

Chapter phenomenon.
2, light refraction law:
⑴ refraction of light, light rays, and normal in the same plane.
⑵ refracted light and incident light separation and normal sides.
⑶ light slanting into the water from the air or other medium, the angle of refraction is less than the angle of incidence is nearly normal refraction.
light dipped from the water or other media into the air, the angle of refraction greater than the angle of incidence, are far from normal refraction.
vertical injection light from the air (or other media injection), angle of refraction = angle = 0 degrees.

Second, the lens
1, noun: thin lens: the lens is much smaller than the thickness of the sphere radius.
main axis: a straight line through the two spherical center of the sphere.
optical center: (O) is the center of a thin lens. Nature: the light through the optical center does not change the direction of propagation.
focus (F): with the main axis parallel to the lens makes the light converge at a point on the main axis, this point called the focus.
focal length (f): the focus of the distance to the lens optical center.
three
convex imaging lens imaging law rules table:
object distance image distance as the nature of the application
down, is placed, shrinking virtual, real
u> 2f narrow inverted real image f 2f slide
u u magnifying glass
four, eyes and glasses, myopia and
correction of hyperopia: myopia to wear concave, convex lens to wear hyperopia.
five, microscopes and telescopes
IV, the extent that the object of hot and cold temperatures.
2, Unit:
① international system of units used in the thermodynamic temperature.
② common units are degrees Celsius (℃) provides that: the standard atmospheric pressure in a mixture of ice water temperature of 0 degrees, the temperature of boiling water is 100 degrees, divided into 100 equal parts between them, each of equal parts of a 1 degree Celsius is called temperature of -3 ℃ to read as: minus 3 degrees Celsius, or minus 3 degrees Celsius
③ conversion between T = t + 273K
3, measure - the thermometer (usually liquid thermometer)
thermometer principle: the use of liquid work expansion and contraction.
classification and comparison:
classification experiment with a thermometer thermometer thermometer measured body temperature measuring purposes
measured at room temperature
range -20 ℃ ~ 110 ℃ -30 ℃ ~ 50 ℃ 35 ℃ ~ 42 ℃
dividing the value of 1 ℃ 1 ℃ 0.1 ℃
kerosene used in liquid mercury (red) and alcohol (red) special structure of the glass bulb mercury
top of necking
can not use the rejection method uses the measured objects can not be thrown away objects can be read to leave the body before use common thermometer readings
use:
before use: observation of its range,air max 95 激安, to determine the suitability of the temperature of the object under test; and recognize the thermometer scale value for accurate readings. Used: glass bulb thermometer immersed in all the tested liquid, do not touch the container or container end wall; thermometer bulb immersed in the liquid under test wait a while until the thermometer shows the number of stability after the reading; reading of the glass bulb to remain in the fluid to be measured, the line of sight with the thermometer in the liquid column of the upper surface of the phase level.
Second, the physical state change of state
fill the name and endothermic heat conditions:
1, melting and solidification of molten
①:
definition: an object is called from a solid into a liquid melting.
crystal material: Hyperion, ice, quartz crystal, amorphous material: resin,air max 95, glass,ナイキ　エアマックス, paraffin, asphalt, beeswax
salt, alum, Chennai, molten metal
Image :



② solidification:
definition: material from liquid to solid is called freezing.
solidification Image:



2, gasification and liquefaction:
① vaporization:
definition: material from liquid to gas is called vaporization.
Definition: liquid at any temperature can occur, and only the vaporization of the liquid surface of the phenomenon is called evaporation .
factors: ⑴ the temperature of the liquid; ⑵ ⑶ liquid surface of liquid surface area of ​​air flow.
effects: evaporation endothermic (absorbing heat from the outside world or their own), with the cooling.

Definition: at a certain temperature, the liquid surface of simultaneous internal and intense vaporization phenomenon.
Boiling point: the temperature of boiling liquid.
boiling conditions: ⑴ the boiling point. ⑵ endothermic
boiling point and pressure to the relationship: all of the liquid's boiling point is lower air pressure decreases, pressure increases, increased

② liquefaction: Definition: material from the gas into liquid is called liquefaction.
Methods: ⑴ lower the temperature; ⑵ compression volume.

3, sublimation and sublimation:
① sublimation definition: material from a solid directly into the process gas, heat, easy to sublimate the material are: iodine , ice, dry ice,ナイキ エアマックス95, camphor, tungsten.
② Ning Hua Dingyi: material from the process gas directly into a solid, heat
chapter a current
2, the provisions of direction: the direction of movement of positive charge the direction of the current provisions.
3, the conditions for sustained current:
circuit in the power circuit to access
4, the current three effects.
(1), heating effect of current. (2), current magnetic effects. (3), current chemistry.
5, unit: (1), the International Unit: A (2), commonly used units: mA, μA
(3) , conversion relationship: 1A = 1000mA 1mA = 1000μA
6, measuring: First, the electric power:
1, define: current work done by a certain circuit called the electric power.
2, in real terms: the current process of doing work, the actual energy is converted into other forms of energy (power consumption) process.
3, states: current work done by a certain circuit, this circuit is equal to the voltage across the current in the circuit and the power-time product.
4, the formula: W = UIt = Pt (applicable to all circuits)
For pure resistance circuit can be derived from: W = I2Rt = U2t / R
5 , unit: International unit is the joule (J) common unit: degree (kwh) 1 ° = 1 kWh = 1 kwh = 3.6 × 106J
6, measurement of electric power:
⑴ Meter: measuring the user to use electrical appliances made in the power of a period of time power (power consumption of a certain period of time) of the instrument.
⑵ power meter on the
⑶ reading: meter readings before and after the difference between the two is the degree of electricity during this period.
Second, the electric power:
1, Definition: current work done per unit time.
2, the physical meaning: that the current pace of physical work done depends on the brightness of the lamp bulb the size of the actual power.
3, electric power formula: P = UI = W / t (for all circuits)
For pure resistance circuit can be derived: P = I2R = U2 / R
4, Unit: IU Watt (W) common units: kilowatt (kw)
5, rated power and actual power:
⑴ Rated voltage: when working with electrical voltage.
Rated Power: The electrical power at rated voltage. P = U Amount Amount Amount = U2 amount of I / R
⑵
P = W / t can be used two sets of units: UI ② Circuit:
three electric
1, Experiment: Objective: To study the heat current through a conductor with those factors.
2, Joule's law: the heat generated by current through a conductor with the current proportional to the square is proportional with the resistance of the conductor, with the power proportional to the time.
3, the formula: Q = I2Rt (applicable to all circuits) for the pure resistance circuit can be derived: Q = UIt = U2t / R = W = Pt
4, Application - electric heater
four power consumption
(a), the family circuit:
1, the family circuit components: low-voltage power lines (FireWire zero line), power meter, knife switch, fuse, electrical appliances, sockets, lamp holders, switch.
2, the family connection to the circuit: in parallel with electrical access to a variety of circuits, receptacles and lampholders are connected in parallel to control the use of electrical switches and electrical work is in series.
3, the various parts of the circuit family:
⑴ low-voltage power lines:
⑵ Meter:
⑶ Knife (air switch):
⑷ fuse box:
⑸ outlet:
⑹ appliances (light),air max tn360, switch:
(b), family reasons for overcurrent circuit:
reasons: a short circuit, the total electrical power used is too large.
(c), safe use of electricity:
safe use of electricity: do not touch the body do not live near high-voltage low-voltage electrified body
Chapter VI, (a), the role of voltage
1, the formation of current in voltage: the voltage to the circuit directional movement in the formation of free charge current. Power is to provide a voltage device.
2, the circuit conditions for sustained current ① circuit in power supply (or circuit voltage at both ends) ② circuit is connected.
(b), the voltage of the unit
1, international units: V common unit: kV mV, μV
conversion relationship: 1Kv = 1000V 1V = 1000 mV 1 mV = 1000μV
2, remember Some voltage values: a battery 1.5V a battery voltage of 220V 2V family safe voltage is not higher than 36V
(c), voltage measurement :
1, instrument: voltage meter, symbol:
2, reading When the subject of the terminal to see the range, one big grid, each small grid voltage
3, using the rules: ① voltage meter to be parallel in the circuit.
② current from the voltage meter Otherwise, the pointer will reverse bias.
③ voltmeter measured the voltage should not exceed the maximum range.
Second, resistance
(a ) of the definition and symbols:
1, definition: resistance that hinder the role of conductor on the current size.
2, symbol: R.
(b) Unit:
1, international units : ohms. Provides that: If the voltage across the conductor is 1V, the current through the conductor is 1A, this conductor resistance is 1Ω.
2, commonly used units: thousands of Europe, megohm.
3, conversion : 1MΩ = 1000KΩ 1 KΩ = 1000Ω
4, to understand some resistance: a small flashlight bulb, the filament resistance of a few dozen in Europe to Europe. Daily use of the incandescent filament resistance of a few hundred to several thousand Euro in Europe. Laboratory of copper wire, resistance is less than a few percent of Europe. Zero resistance ammeter as a few ohms. The internal resistance of voltage meter is about for thousands of Europe.
(c) factors:
Conclusion: resistance of the conductor is a conductor's own nature, its size depends on the conductor material, length and cross sectional area, but also with the temperature.
(d) classification
1, set the value of resistance: Circuit symbol:.
2, variable resistor (rheostat): circuit symbols.
⑴ sliding rheostat:
Construction: ceramic tube, coil, slide film, metal rods, terminal
structure diagram:
.
variable resistance principle: access to the circuit by changing the length of the resistance line to change the resistance.
functions: ① the resistance of the circuit by changing gradually change the current in the circuit and the voltage across some circuit protection circuit
⑵ ② resistance box.
Third, Ohm's law.
1, to explore current and voltage,办公技巧, resistance relationship.
Conclusion: The resistance of certain circumstances, the conductor of the current and the increase is proportional to the voltage across the conductor; in the case of constant voltage, the current conductor is inversely proportional to the resistance of the conductor.
2, the content of Ohm's law: the current conductor, with the voltage across the conductor is proportional to the resistance is inversely proportional with the conductor.
3, mathematical expressions I = U / R
IV TESTING RESISTANCE
1, definition: a voltmeter and ammeter circuits were measured voltage across a conductor and through the current Ohm's law can be calculated according to the resistance of the conductor, this resistor with a voltage meter ammeter method is called voltammetry.
2, the principle: I = U / R
3, the schematic : (right)
five series circuit features:
1, current: Text: series circuit currents are equal around.
letter: I = I1 = I2 = I3 = ... ... In
2, Voltage: Text: series circuit the total voltage is equal to the sum of all parts of the circuit voltage.
letter: U = U1 + U2 + U3 + ... ... Un
3, Resistance: Text: The total resistance of series circuit is equal to the sum of all parts of the circuit resistance.
letters: R = R1 + R2 + R3 + ... ... Rn
six parallel circuit characteristics :
1, current: Text: parallel circuit the total current is equal to the sum of current in each branch.
letter: I = I1 + I2 + I3 + ... ... In
2 , Voltage: Text: parallel circuit the voltage across each branch are equal.
letter: U = U1 = U2 = U3 = ... ... Un
3, Resistance: Text: parallel circuit is equal to the reciprocal of total resistance of each branch resistance reciprocals.
letters: 1 / R = 1/R1 +1 / R2 +1 / R3 + ... ... 1/Rn
Chapter VIII of the, Magnetic: Magnets attract iron, cobalt, nickel and other material properties (absorption of iron)
2, magnet: Definition: a magnetic material
Category: permanent magnet is divided into natural and artificial magnets
3, the magnetic pole : Definition: the strongest part of the magnet is called magnetic poles. (The weakest among the strongest magnets at both ends)
Type: free rotation of the magnet level, the guide is called the Antarctic pole (S), refers to the north magnetic pole is called the Arctic (N)
role of law: the same name as mutually exclusive poles, Synonyms poles attract each other.
4, magnetization: ① Definition: to make objects that have not received magnetic magnetic process.
② magnetized steel and soft iron: soft iron is magnetized, the magnetic easy to disappear, known as soft magnetic materials. Steel is magnetized, the magnetic properties of long-term, referred to as hard magnetic materials.
Second, the magnetic field:
1, definition: the existence of the material surrounding the magnet, it is an invisible, intangible special material.
2, basic properties: the magnetic field into which the magnets have on the force. The interaction between magnetic poles by magnetic field occur.
3, the direction of states: a point in a magnetic field, a small needle under the direction of the North Pole rest (small needle in the direction of magnetic North Pole suffered) is the point of the magnetic field direction.
4, magnetic flux lines:
① Definition: some paintings in the magnetic field direction of the curve. Direction of the curve at any point on the point of needle related to the North Pole under the same direction.
② direction: a sense of magnet wire around the magnetic North Pole is from the magnets out,100 million songs sad songs Daquan ※ Tour Beauty ※ - Qzone log, back to the South Pole magnets.
5, magnetic force: a point in a magnetic field, the direction of magnetic North Pole suffered with the magnetic field at that point the same direction, the direction of the Antarctic suffered with the magnetic field points in opposite directions.
6, Category:
Ι, the geomagnetic field:
① Definition: there is space around the Earth's magnetic field, the needle guide to the North was due to magnetic field.
② poles: the North Pole to the magnetic field near the geographic South Pole, the geomagnetic field near the South Pole in the geographic North Pole.
③ magnetic declination: the first discovery by the Shen Kuo of the Song Dynasty.
Ⅱ, current magnetic field:
① Oersted experiment: there is the magnetic field around the power wires, known as the current magnetic effects. The phenomenon in 1820 Danish physicist Oersted was found. This phenomenon indicates that: there is the magnetic field around the power wires, and on the direction of the magnetic field and current.
② the magnetic field of Galvanized: Galvanized bar magnet magnetic field and magnetic field of the same. Polarity at both ends with the current direction is related to the current direction of the relationship between magnetic poles is set to judge by the amp.
③ Application: Solenoid
three electromagnetic induction:
1, History: British physicist Michael Faraday discovered.
2, the induced current:
induced current in the direction of the conductor with the direction of motion and magnetic field related.
4, Application - alternator
5, AC and DC:
Fourth, the role of magnetic fields on the current:
1, energized conductor in a magnetic field in the direction of the force, with the current direction and For the magnetic field direction.
2, Applications - DC motor
Chapter molecular composition of the
3, solid, liquid and gaseous micro-model:
4, atomic structure
5, nano science and technology
Second, the quality:
1, Definition: substances contained objects the number of call quality.
2, Unit: International System of Units: Main unit kg, commonly used units: tg mg
3, the quality of understanding: the quality of solid form with the objects, status, location, temperature change, so the quality is the object itself of a property.
4, measurement:
Second, density:
1, definition: a substance per unit volume is called the quality of the density of the substance.
2, formula: deformation

3, Unit: International System of Units: Main unit kg/m3, common units of g/cm3. Comparison of two units: g/cm3 units large. Unit conversion relationship: 1g/cm3 = 103kg/m3 1kg/m3 = 10-3g / cm3 the density of water 1.0 × 103kg/m3, read as 1.0 × 103 kg per cubic meter, which indicates the physical meaning is: 1 cubic meter Water quality is 1.0 × 103 kg.
4, measuring the volume - measuring cylinder (cup)
5, measuring the density of the solid



Chapter XI, material
1, define: To study the motion of an object assuming the object is called the fixed point of reference.
2, can be any object reference
3, choose a different object reference to observe the same conclusion may be different. The same motion or stationary object is dependent on the selected frame of reference, this is the relativity of movement and stillness.
Second, the mechanical movement
1, Definition: Physical changes in the location of the object is called the mechanical motion.
2, features: mechanical movement is the most common phenomenon in the universe.
3, comparing the speed of object motion method:
⑴ the same time, the movement away from long-distance fast
⑵ the same time, the movement quickly
⑶ short comparison unit time away.
Category: (based on movement routes) ⑴ curved linear motion
Ⅰ ⑵ uniform linear motion:
A, Definition: same speed along the straight line motion is called uniform motion.
Definition: uniform motion, speed equal to the moving object in the distance per unit time.
physical meaning: the movement of objects as fast as the speed of the physical quantities that
formula:
B, speed : International System of Units m / s transport unit km / h in the two units of m / s units big.
Conversion: 1m / s = 3.6km / h.
Ⅱ variable motion:
definition: the movement velocity of change is called variable motion.
average speed: total time = total distance
physical meaning: that the average speed of variable speed motion
five, force the effect
1, the concept of force: force is the role of objects on the object.
2 the nature of power: the role of forces between objects to each other (in any case the interaction force is equal and opposite effects on different objects.) Interaction between two objects when the object is also the force of a body, and vice versa, is also the force of a body object.
3, effect of force: force can change an object's motion state. Force can change the shape of the object.
4, a unit of force: The International System of Units in a unit of force is the Newton referred to as cows, with N said.
perceptual force: two eggs about the force used by 1N.
5, force measurement:
⑴ dynamometer: a tool for measuring the size of the force.
⑶ spring dynamometer:
6, the three elements of power: force size, direction, and function points.
7, force representation
six, inertia, and inertia:
1,青海玉树地震捐款排行榜，是中国人的就看，唤醒爱国热, Newton's First Law:
⑴ content of Newton's first law: all the objects in the absence of a force of the effects of The total remain at rest or of uniform linear motion state.
2, inertia:
⑴ definition: the object properties remain constant state of motion is called inertia.
⑵ Description: Inertia is a property of objects. In any case, all objects have inertia.
seven, two force balance:
1, definition: objects in the role by the two forces, if they can remain at rest or of uniform linear motion, said second state of equilibrium .
2, two equilibrium conditions: two forces acting on the same object, the size of the equal and opposite, the two forces in a straight line
3, the relationship between force and motion states:
force conditions of the object Motion of the state that force is not generated


(maintain) the reasons for movement
together by non-equilibrium force
0
force is not the object is to change the state of motion because

Chapter XII,
2, plastic: deformation occurs in the force, loss of power can not restore the original shape of the nature of the call plasticity.
3, elastic: the elastic deformation of the object by the force is called elastic, elastic deformation of the size of the size and flexibility
Second, gravity:
⑴ the concept of gravity: objects near the ground, as the Earth by the force of attraction which is called gravity. Force of gravity an object is: Earth.
⑵ formula for calculating the size of gravity G = mg where g = 9.8N/kg It said the quality suffered 1kg object gravity 9.8 N.
⑶ gravity direction: straight down the application is re-vertical, a level, if the wall were examined whether the level of vertical and surface.
⑷ point of gravity - the center of gravity:
three friction:
1, definition: two objects in contact with each other, when they want to or have occurred relative movement will be in contact with surface hinder the relative motion to generate a force called friction.
2, Category

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