acetone (acetone), also known as dimethyl ketone, saturated fat, the simplest ketone ketone series. Melting point of -95 degrees, the boiling point of 56 degrees, colorless liquid with special odor, can dissolve the cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate.
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basic physical and chemical parameters of the molecular structure of information production methods use toxic personal protective fire safety first aid storage and transport safety and handling spill contingency Handling and storage Exposure controls / personal protection chemical properties of acetone aliphatic ketones are representative of compounds with ketones, a typical reaction. For example: with the sodium bisulfite adduct formation of colorless crystals. Hydrogen cyanide reacts with acetone cyanohydrin. The role of the reducing agent generate different acetone and pinacol. Acetone oxidant stable. At room temperature will not be nitric acid oxidation. Alkaline potassium permanganate or potassium chromate with strong oxidizing agents such as oxidant, the generation of acetic acid, formic acid, carbon dioxide and water. Occur in the presence of base bimolecular condensation to produce diacetone alcohol. 2mol acetone in a variety of acid catalyst (hydrochloric acid, zinc chloride or sulfuric acid) generated the presence of sub-isopropyl acetone, acetone with the addition of 1mol generate Isophorone (b sub-isopropyl acetone). 3mol under the action of concentrated sulfuric acid and acetone, removing the water generated 3mol 1,3,5 - trimethylbenzene. In the lime. Sodium or amino alcohol in the presence of sodium, Condensation isophorone (3,5,5 - trimethyl -2-- cyclohexene -1-- ketone). In the presence of acid or base, and aldehyde or ketone condensation reaction to produce ketone alcohols, unsaturated ketone and resin-like substance. And phenol in acidic conditions, the reduced synthesis of bisphenol-A. Acetone α-hydrogen atoms replaced by halogen easy to produce α-halogenated acetone. And sub-halogen or halogen alkaline solution of sodium reacts haloform. Grignard reagents with the addition of acetone, the role of tertiary alcohol adduct hydrolysis. Acetone and ammonia and its derivatives such as hydroxyl ammonia, hydrazine, phenylhydrazine reactions such as condensation can also occur. In addition, the acetone in the 500 ~ 1000 ℃ cracking occurs, the resulting ketene. At 170 ~ 260 ℃ through the silicon - aluminum catalyst to produce isobutylene and acetaldehyde; 300 ~ 350 ℃ isobutylene and acetic acid is generated when.
basic information in English Chemical name: Di-methyl keton. acetone. CAS :67-64-1 acetone on the human body has no special toxicity, inhalation can cause headaches, bronchitis and other symptoms. If a large number of inhaled, and may lose consciousness. Mainly used for degreasing in daily life, dehydrated, fixed and so on. In the blood and urine testing for important objects. Some cancer patients will be abnormally high urine levels of acetone. Low-carbohydrate regimen to lose weight in blood, urine in abnormally high concentrations of acetone. Acetone in the free state exists in nature, in plants mainly in oil, such as tea oil, turpentine oil, citrus oil, etc.; human urine and blood and animal urine, marine animal tissues and body fluids contain a small amount of acetone. Acetone in the urine of diabetic patients the content of abnormally increased. Soluble in water, ethanol, ether and other organic solvents. Vapor mixed with air can form explosive mixtures, the explosion limit of 2.55% ~ 12.8% (volume). Carbonyl of acetone with a variety of nucleophile addition reaction, such as isopropyl alcohol catalytic hydrogenation, reduction generated pinacol; and ammonia derivatives, hydrogen cyanide, acetylene compounds, organic metal compound reactions. Acetone and hydrogen reaction of α can, for example, with halogen substitution reaction itself or with other similar compounds, aldol reactions. Density of physical and chemical parameters: specific gravity 0.788 at 25 ℃ Melting point: -94 ℃ Boiling point: 56.48 ℃ saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 53.32 (39.5 ℃) Refractive index 1.3588 Flash point: -17.78 ℃ (closed cup) is a colorless, transparent liquid with a pungent odor of a special soluble in water and methanol, ethanol, ether, chloroform, pyridine and other organic solvents limits parameters: ignition point: 465 ℃ explosive limit: 2.6% to 12.8% maximum explosion pressure: 87.3 cattle / cm
most easily ignited concentration: the concentration of 4.5 produces the maximum explosion pressure: 6.3% minimum ignition energy: 1.15 mJ (when the 4.97% concentration) combustion heat value: 1792 kJ / mol (liquid, 25 ℃) vapor pressure: 53.33 kPa (39.5 ℃) flammable, volatile, chemically active than the acetone molecule in the molecular structure of carbonyl C atoms bonding sp2 hybrid orbitals, methyl C atoms are sp3 hybrid orbital key [1]. Molecular formula: C3H6O structure simplified: CH3COCH3, molecular weight: 58.08 production methods
There are isopropyl alcohol method, cumene method, fermentation, acetylene and propylene hydration oxidation. Acetone, the world's industrial production to cumene based. Two-thirds of the world is the preparation of phenol by-product of acetone is a product of cumene oxidation. The patented technology is a major manufacturer of a Kellogg Brown & Root company, Mitsui Chemical Corporation and UOP Company. Solutia has developed a product with benzene, phenol oxidation of nitrogen oxide technology, but the company canceled last year, plans to plant using the technology, because the use of the technology gross margin is too low. Japanese researchers recently developed a use of Eu - titanium catalyst with benzene as raw materials for one-step production of phenol and acetone production process. Preparation: Acetone production methods more. The old method is to use lime and destructive distillation of wood from the wood vinegar, made from calcium acetate, and then obtained by thermal decomposition of acetone. Industrial synthesis of acetone studied methods are: (1) received calcium acetate from acetic acid, then heated to 160 ° C acetone and calcium carbonate decomposition; (2) acetylene zinc oxide catalyst in the reaction of acetone and water vapor; (3 ) ethanol vapor in the zinc chromate catalyst, high temperature reaction of acetone; (4) oxidation of liquefied natural gas or naphtha, acetone (oxidation products include formaldehyde, acetic acid, butanol, etc.); (5) isopropanol oxidation dehydrogenation to acetone; (6) Hydrogen peroxide acetone isopropanol; (7) Synthesis of isopropyl alcohol and acetone, acrolein; (8) legal cumene acetone, propylene and benzene co-production of phenol as raw material, hydrocarbon of cumene obtained, then the air oxidation of cumene hydrogen peroxide, and sulfuric acid or resin decomposition, and by acetone and phenol; (9) direct oxidation of propylene and ethylene acetone process route direct oxidation of acetaldehyde method similar; (10) of methyl isopropyl benzene hydrogen peroxide production of p-cresol, by-product acetone; (11) Second, the production of hydroquinone cumene, by-product acetone. However, the actual method used in industry, not many. At present, China's production of acetone by the fermentation of food still accounts for a large proportion. Synthesis of cumene in the main. Agricultural products containing starch from the fermentation, obtained acetone, butanol and ethanol mixture. The ratio of the three acetone: butanol = 32:56:12 to 25:70:3 (by weight). 1t acetone to produce about consumption 11t 60-66t of waste starch or molasses. Cumene acetone production line is the most economical way, but be phenol. The ratio between the phenol: acetone = 1:0.6 (weight). To phenol, 10 million t per ton of phenol consumption level devices propylene (90%) 590kg. The main purpose industrial solvent used primarily as explosives, plastic, rubber, fiber, leather, oil, paint and other industries, but also as a synthesis of ketene, acetic anhydride, iodoform, polyisoprene rubber, methyl propylene acid, methyl chloroform, an important raw material of epoxy resin and other substances. Brass manufacturing industry in precision, acetone is often used to clean the copper above the black ink. Acetone is a good organic solvent, or experiment in the industrial extraction of some organic compounds have wide applications, such as fruits and vegetables, food, feed, tea and other pesticide residues of pesticides used to extract the organic components inside, while a constant and used in conjunction with other organic solvents, such as the class with n-hexane, to improve the extraction effect. Security toxicity of acetone is mainly on the central nervous system depression, anesthetic effects, exposure to high concentrations may occur in individual liver, kidney and pancreas damage. Because of its low toxicity, metabolic detoxification fast, production conditions of acute poisoning are rare. Acute poisoning can occur when the vomiting, shortness of breath, convulsions and even coma. After oral administration, lips, throat burning, the hours can occur after an incubation period of dry mouth, vomiting, lethargy, moderate acid and ketosis, and even a temporary disturbance of consciousness. Acetone on the body's long-term damage, manifested as symptoms such as eye stimulus tears, photophobia, and corneal epithelial infiltration, but also showed dizziness, burning sensation, throat irritation,
nike air force 1, cough. 1, inhalation: no effect on the concentration of 500ppm these, 500 ~ 1000ppm between the irritate the nose, throat, 1000ppm may cause dizziness, headaches and have appeared. 2000 ~ 10000 ppm can produce dizziness, drunk feeling, drowsiness, nausea and vomiting, high concentrations lead to loss of consciousness, coma and death. 2, eye contact; concentration of 500ppm will cause irritation, 1000ppm will be mild, temporary irritation. Liquid will produce toxic stimulation. 3, skin irritation: the liquid will be mild irritation, skin absorption through intact the danger is very small. Oral; on the throat and stomach stimulation, services and inhaled a large amount will have the same symptoms. 4, skin contact can cause dryness, redness and chapped, 3 hours per day of vapor inhalation concentration of 1000ppm in 7 to 15 years will stimulate workers in the nasal cavity, so that dizziness, fatigue. High concentrations of vapor can affect kidney and liver functions. Personal Protection 1, Inhalation: If vapor concentration exceeds exposure limit is unknown or when the appropriate respirator should be worn. 2, Skin: If necessary, use gloves, overalls and work shoes, the right material is butyl rubber. Direct the work of the available places should be equipped with safety showers and eye wash apparatus. 3, Eyes: Wear chemical splash-proof glasses, wear face masks when necessary. Fire Extinguishing Media: dry chemical, alcohol foam, carbon dioxide may be encountered when special fire hazards: acetone diluted with water may also be burning. Special fire fighting procedures: 1. Water fire was invalid, but can use the spray to cool containers. 2. If no leakage of material not on fire, use water spray to disperse vapors. 3. Leakage area can be washed and water leakage into non-flammable mixture dilution. 4. Vapors may spread to distant, if the source of exposure could burn with the fire back. The special fire safety equipment: fire fighting should wear NIOSH-certified by the self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing worn body wrapping. First Aid 1, inhalation: acetone produced from the source or the patients were moved to fresh air, If breathing has stopped artificial respiration should be carried out. 2, the eye contact: open eyelids, use lukewarm water slowly rinse eyes with about 10 minutes. 3, skin contact: use lukewarm water slowly rinse the affected area for at least 10 minutes. 4, oral: mouth full of water, do not induce vomiting, drinking water to patients about 250ml. 5, all patients should seek medical attention. Storage and transportation will be acetone stored in sealed containers in a cool dry and well ventilated place excellent, away from heat, ignition sources and taboo material. All containers should be placed on the ground. Packing 160 kg / drum or tank car safety and handling equipment to provide good ventilation, protective clothing and breathing apparatus. Remove heat and ignition sources. Should stop or reduce leakage. With sand or other absorbent to absorb the liquid. Waste solvents can be approved or burning furnace burned the place designated for the deep processing, compliance with environmental regulations. Spill emergency response: the elimination of all sources of ignition. Liquid flow and vapor diffusion under the influence zoning warning area, independent of personnel from the side of the wind, the wind evacuated to a safe area. Recommended emergency personnel wearing positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus, wear anti-static clothing. Operating all equipment used should be grounded. Prohibit access to or across the spill. Cut off the source of leakage as possible. Prevent leakage into the water, sewers, basements or confined spaces. A small leak: sand or other noncombustible material absorption. Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. Large leak: to build a causeway or trenching asylum. With fly ash or lime powder absorb large amounts of liquid. Covered with anti-foam to reduce evaporation. Water fog can reduce evaporation, but can not reduce leakage in the restricted space of flammability. Ex pump used to transfer tankers or exclusive collector. Water spray to disperse vapors and dilute the liquid leakage. HANDLING AND STORAGE Handling Precautions: closed operation, full ventilation. The operator must go through specialized training, strict compliance with operating procedures. Proposed operators to wear filter respirators (half-mask), wearing safety glasses, wearing anti-static overalls, wearing rubber oil resistant gloves. Away from fire, heat, non-smoking workplace. Use explosion proof ventilation systems and equipment. To prevent vapor leakage into the workplace air. Avoid oxidizing agents, reducing agents, alkali contact. Filling should control the flow rate, and a grounding device to prevent accumulation of static electricity. Handling of light when light unloading, packaging and containers to prevent damage. Equipped with the appropriate variety and quantity of fire equipment and emergency equipment leakage. Empty containers may remain hazardous materials. Storage: Store in a cool, well ventilated private coffers, away from fire and heat. Storage temperature should not exceed 29 ℃, Keep container closed. Should oxidants, reducing agents, bases stored separately and avoid mixing reservoir. Use of explosion-proof lighting, ventilation facilities. Prohibit the use of easy to produce sparks of mechanical equipment and tools. Storage areas should be equipped with emergency spill handling equipment and suitable host material. Exposure controls / personal protection Exposure Limits: MAC (mg/m3): - PC-TWA (mg/m3): 300 PC-STEL (mg/m3): 450 TLV-C (mg/m3): - TLV-TWA (mg/m3): 500ppm TLV-STEL (mg/m3): 750ppm monitoring methods: solvent desorption - gas chromatography; thermal desorption - gas chromatography. Project control: production process sealed, fully ventilated. Respiratory protection: concentration in air overweight, wearing a gas mask filter type (half mask). Eye protection: general does not require special protection, exposure to high concentrations may wear safety glasses. Physical protection: wear anti-static clothing. Hand Protection: Wear rubber oil resistant gloves. Other protection: no smoking scene work. Pay attention to personal hygiene. Avoid long-term repeated exposure. Atlas Atlas entry for more reference materials 1
acetone
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