The {elementary} principles of life ( {peruse} lif

a person no matter how smart, more competent, how good backdrop conditions, and whether people do not know how to do it, do something, then he is surely the final outcome of failure. Doing things is an art, it is a science. The reason why many people are commonplace life, it is for he lived a lifetime do not understand how something who is. -
Every person alive in the real world, all eager to succeed, and many people with lofty ideals to dream, to pay a lot, but get a little, This publish can not but rouse people's food for thought: you can not say they are not hard, not hard, you can bring an end to ... nobody why is the outcome of it? It is worth every one of us to seriously consider. -
The surface, it seems very easy way of doing things, who will not? Is not the case,PULSERA BLANCA CON BANDERA USA, for instance,Does no absence apt conquer the immune mahjong ( d, when you are a teacher, your wish is a good educator subjective, but in fact they are not students; you to do business, your subjective desire to make big money can be chosen to lose this. Despite these surface phenomena, to ascertain the crux of the problem, you will find a way of doing things is truly difficult to master science. -

So to speak, is a way of doing things in real life involves knowledge all aspects of a unattached start from anyone one aspect of the learn can not see the entire picture. To main this learning, grasp its pith, it must be cultivated on the real-life synopsis and paints some decree of prevalent significance, it can be rules to emulate it, prefer than flare then no threads. - Read a tactic, good ample for your life! -

First, social interaction tactics --- teach you make contributions -

(a) of the -

1, not arrogant -

2, elated not to carried away -

3, do not have the competence to boast of -

4, consult a does not select one -

(b) of snobbish Fenhua, it seems not too claiming, when the More bearish, some look on, life will suddenly penetrate the light, gusto the. -

As -

1, civil use -

2, Dankan life, friendly life -

3, indifferent Ming, Mo for the fame and luck block our sight -

4, rebate of heart lust to satisfy mind -

(c) of the

do not know how people quality. -

-

1, save the living from the start -

2, >
4, No Country For staining, economical and to keep Germany -

(d) br>
to do a personality, give yourself the trust! Break on their own path to success, a better future comes from self-reliance, do not bow to any authority, with efforts to find a portion of your self-esteem. -

Man labeled Li Shi, their closed! -

1, self-reliance, and success of some -

2, the vicissitudes of life alone product -

3, used to dare the legislature of the ego - br>
4, self-confidence - no matter how you wind truck -

(e)
born in ceremonies, to be a respectful human. Polite person would be a male, it was destiny, numerous friends. Polite person would do things, converge aboard picture, refined, not enemies, success in every way ashore the road. -

1, courteous -

2, courtesy, politeness -

3, pay consideration to ceremony clothes, giving a good impression -

(f) person, the subject of awe. To be a selfish person and do things Qi Xin, Yin disease hindrance capacity, and success missed. -
1, have conducted, do not impose on others -

2, envious person is the Founder of taboo -

3, not to tease their minds, their own is a joy -

II Image tactics --- teach you character and aesthetic -

(g) -

To create a volunteer of your life, tree target, tree idol, down to globe, sense of need to amplify a successful, first determined, and then with a date. -

1, degree of morality among their means, to jot the behaviour -

2, be determined, interested, there is hope -

3, successful culture awareness: determined to King -

4, establish the idol, to change their -

(h) -

everybody should treat time, has to be punctual. Shape their own image, the modern notion of time can not be separated. Reasonable preparations for their own time, telling use of their time, punctuality, unfortunately, do not delay. -

Remember: Time is money. -

1, a second amount than gold -

2, do not ignore his reproductive cycle -

3, pilfering other people time, equal to murder -

4, according to the importance of work, more effective use of time -

(i) tactic -

more effort, we more chance of success. Numerous truths have proved: the shortest way to success is hard go. Do not equitable disburse lips service, not indolent, floor Lured on my own, paid off! -

1, the shortest way to success: hard work -

2, more effort, more opportunities -

3, sedulous action, rather than ground said -

(j) . Any one of his hands in his pockets all who could not mount the ladder of success. Give the impression that a real image, to add a touch of his success arrange a solid basis of reality, to themselves. -

1, devoted, successful man of movement protection -

2, to every good work -

3, his hands in his pockets who could not climb the ladder of success -

(k) are designed only constant, I have perseverance. -

You live in an era of knowledge burst, if you are a talent, you do not become the unfortunate focus; If you extraordinary qualifications, please do not unhappy, at all times you are determined to make a life thing, you can succeed. Young people do not give the impression of a ramshackle image. -

1, put all your eggs into one basket -

2, versatile, nurturing trained Let drawback into avail -

(l) Human Jungle, workplace cause a lot of amuse, a lot of temptations. Aging and are not afraid of many,Humor funny pictures, finally find it, remember turn ah ! , everything should be more than think twice, afraid of ten thousand, afraid of the accident. Once the extend the erroneous hands, the erroneous, wrong, in glory, in business, in the image Jie You do not save the emergency. -

-

1, do not the wrong -

2, then you want a good >
Third, self-improvement tactics --- teach you to save the fate -

(xiii) self, not to point the If things are forced, and should be fearless enough to say time. -

1, rejection is an art -

2, the me, do not polite -

3, bristle of power -

4, thick-skinned man, scalp hard work -

n) children, when the aboriginal owner of a boot cache may be a shoeshine. Yuzuo huge, big money, we must first do small things, make a little money, loan a willing small profit. From shrewd to start with, the first sweep of a house, then sweep the world! -

1, a house does not scan, how can you sweep the world -

2, mini things do first, make a mini money -

3, a nail change a person life -

(o) in quest of food. Life is also the case, the face of ferocious championship, only to forge before, be a good forerunner, the next goal when the goal, to take risks, defiance to battles and hoping things, at last, are slender. -

1, does not encounter the existing accomplishments -

2, decisive to pursue and never back down -

3, and your spirit can not dart, the success is sooner alternatively later -

(xvi) courage and knowledge to exceed itself. What is beyond? Beyond is to dine crabs, is innovation. Innovation also means venture, danger and quest so-called rich. Like people think, and do not do to others, first in the world, is thinking of transition. -

1, first in the world -

2, breaking the rules of creativity -

3, relinquished as I can get miracles -

4, reverse the aggressive and defensive way of thinking -

(xvii) change, change to solution.识时务者为俊杰, general engine change by the hero. Not a route to success, why hang in a tree it? Seize the opener to success, the East West light does not shine, whether it is black or white, it is important is whether it can arrest -

1, cleverly transformation strain -

2, All roads guide to Rome -

3, success is communication, there is only won through -

(eighth), like the food as assistance to the peckish mendicant. Throughout the ages, I do not know how many people, with the silver tongue, changed their amazing fate. Speaking humor, detect a general language ... ... a -

1, psychographic find heading -

2, flattery is the best -

4, ; Fourth, interpersonal tactics --- teach you to win friends -

( xix) To excuse others is the best direction apt treat yourself - as your enemies and vexed, blaze your own. Doing things, no also narrow minded. Welcome apt Wikipedia, by a generous heart! -

1, forgive your enemies -

2, a man of tolerance, tolerance succeed -

3, happy to forget, forgive and forget -

(xx) , then learn how to get forward with others now! Big forest, what birds are, does not necessitate all the people you like, but not what the world's most cattle people. -

And as you do, we should leave each other treads, we can give face. -

1, for the behalf of others, for their hereafter professions -

2, you give people to reside face, someone else to do something -

3, husband and wife Road, also, and also mastermind -

(xxi) >
how many people confidence you, how many times you have a chance of success, The letter is a compel of individuality, friendship goes further money, is to understand, is to enjoy, is the overlying water, irreversible. So, true to its word, line have to be fruit, can assist the busy is to help, but not simple to agree! -

1, help is help, not an easy promise -

2, credible, and principled man -

3, do prior life, the first man to win the trust -

4, the credibility of the cornerstone of life and necrosis, friendship -

(twenty-two ) Interpersonal relationships, mutual benefit and reciprocity. To help others, that is, human honor card for their savings, especially in people impose on the cause of difficulty helping hand to save distressed hero in difficulty. Really advantageous, the rewards speak for themselves. -

1, to help others make a fortune, his submerging -

2, good wind power, by the stepladder can be almost impossible -

3, seizing the opportunity to drag people one to -

(xxiii) to the rind. Human subsistence in society, to play various characters, particularly in dealings with each additional, requires a definite dignity to assist, this is human disability. Knowing this, can understand the -

1, to Conceal for the boss inhibit -

2, in front of the losers speak about your proud -

3, respect each other's human well-being, inconstancy of human relationships, ordinarily via common friends. Make friends then friends, not immediate success, friendship and investment, should take the long, chilly temple adore, Yaki-Yaki chilly stove, at ordinary times, even a few words of welcoming, is also production friends. -

1, more leisure time to burn incense, when anxious people to help -

2, friendship investment, should take the long-term -

3, thanks to the cold temple, burning cold stove, make misadventure Heroes -

V. Rebate Due tactics - - educate you more relaxed and elated -

(xxv)
the face of setbacks and difficulties, bearing in mind Churchill's prominent quote: For the last victory, should persistence ambition, the humiliation creature faced and consistent pursuit, not stop until one reaches one's goal! -

1, profound knowledge, resistance to loneliness -

2, who smiles last, laughs best sweet -

3, pursuit, and not give up -

4, not stop until one approaches one's goal -

(xxvi) br> life are confused, things are difficult, in the face Problem-solving by the pate, brain produces thought, so think angry, in a wonder place easily solve the problem. -

1, the cleverest housewife can without straw -

2, from the power -

(xxvii) the plight of people and things, which inevitably requires people to be obsequious inevitably ask for help, but look to the future success, even now the same as the cockroaches should be at the consumption of living, feng shui, after all, times change. Lend a hand with the give way bent, elastic to kneel for the enhancement side to hero! -

1, the same as the cockroach life -

2, postures, in front of a road -

3, you adore my foot, I esteem you a husband -

4, low-level people, xviii) Calm within the plight of the determination is often the best solution, merely too a kind of calm and wisdom to wait for change, Luanzhongqusheng! -

1, sat in the back seat managers seat -

2, heart Ning Zhisheng, intellectual trouble into -

3, tranquilize heart from Yi - ;

4, lenient about parties for the outstanding personality -

(xxix) Le Life is short, with every pull bow, crossbow, as Remember, success is starting from the smiling, life things do not always eighty-nine, no melody, create their own fun, learn to easily solve the problem. -

1, a successful begin from the laugh -

2, learn to establish happiness -

3, relaxed and happy to study to solve problems -

4,The most embarrassing moment in the history of a rare star banned reserved,, There is no total pleasure and only pleasure would not mind -

(xxx) human resources -

1, let a friend be your patron -

2, out troubled by the villagers -

3, relatives of relatives, beyond and further pro - br>
4, Dream of Youth, the Kaokao one -

six unbeaten teach life tactic --- reputation of your life -

(xxxi) ;

learn owl, an eye, near one eye. You say I'm disturbed, in fact, I'm not silly! More than just changing things, business is difficult, ruining quickly, people say that water is explicit there are no fish, no police were to Christians. In fact, the self-preservation, of great minds are often Dayu, intelligent person and more capable to live -

1, stupid people smart I, -

2, do not think they smarter than others -

3, doing things not too seriously -

4, who is a hero? -

(Xxxii) Why shortness of expiration, start to finish, side to undefeated! Forbearance to maintain one, and forbearance Nengcheng Shi, tolerance is a great wisdom, Dayong, an even bigger blessing! Tolerance is a thick, black bear, bear villain, forbearance tyrannical, and forbearance of the globe finds it hard to do, do not do mild-mannered companion, for a stuff too hard for ordinary people. -

1, tolerance is a quick answer Tai Fook -

2, do not do mild-mannered fellow -

3, undefeated life, ninja invincible -

(xxxiii) stuck a Withdrawal is a strategy, retirement is a kind of exchange, but also a manner to survive. A good philosopher, said, calculate about every way -

2, refused to concession, is refusing to success -

3, untouchables, shirk them from -

; (xxxiv) Unpredictable people, forever best to clutch back, there are at leisure, you can look -

1, radius of a man, a complete work -

2, made her second baby, do not do the boss -

3, human sophistication that article, life capabilities Yuantong Shen Speech -

(xxxv) , the pleasures and malign know thatthe twice? Have at home, the workplace and so can not escape a -

1, long and short term first, close no risk -

2, Guo Ziyi Pingtui maid free scourge -

3, mountains and the countryside when peasants - Fan Li wealthy life -

(xxxvi) Whether you will play, to see you will not install. Easy to dictate a hero, play the languid laborious. As the saying goes, good deed goes unpunished, not terrified of thieves terrified of thieves misses, when you do not have the strength, amuse conceal your genius additional! -

1, accidentally refused to yield good -

2, use ;

Web2.0 Web1.0 is a relatively new term for a class of Internet applications. The main features of Web1.0 is the user access to information through the browser. Web2.0 is more focus on user interaction, the user is not only content browsing, and also a maker of Web content. The so-called creators of content on the Internet is that every Internet user is no longer just readers, but also become the author of the Internet; no longer just surfing the Internet, but also a wave maker; the pattern from a simple
directory
What are the main features related technology web2.0 Web 2.0 Web 2.0 features of the seven principles of the Internet as a platform to harness collective intelligence Data is the Next Intel Inside End of software release cycle, lightweight programming model of the software beyond a single device a rich user experience design Web 2.0 long tail model is the next Intel Inside data add value to the default user network effects to retain some power is always a test version of cooperation, rather than beyond a single device control software from Web 2.0 to Innovation 2.0 WEB2.0-existing language in the product network WEB2.0 What is Web1.0 web2.0 Web2.0 is a relatively new term for a class of Internet applications. The fall of 2001 the Internet Corporation (dot-com) bubble burst of the Internet marks a turning point. Many people concluded that the Internet is too much hype, in fact, from the Internet bubble and the stock market downturn have looked like a common feature of all technological revolutions. Typically marks the flourishing stock market recession, the technology has begun to occupy center stage. Counterfeiters were expelled, while the real success stories show their strength, and people began to understand what will be a story with another distinction. After the meeting in that year and a half years, However, to date about the meaning of Web 2.0 there are still great differences, some people will no doubt Web 2.0 relegated to speculation of a marketing slogan, while others will be understood as a new conventional wisdom. In our initial brainstorming, we have used some examples, formulated to express our understanding of Web 2.0:
Web 1.0Web 2.01DoubleClickGoogle AdSense 2OfotoFlickr3AkamaiBitTorrent4mp3.com Napster5 Encyclopedia Britannica Online (Britannica Online) Wikipedia ( Wikipedia) 6 personal website blog (blogging) 7eviteupcoming.org and EVDB 8 domain name speculation search engine optimization [1] [2] 9 screen capture (screen scraping) network services (web services) 10 issued in 11 of 12 directory wiki content management system (classification) labels (But in the end is what allows us to identify an application or a way for a so-called (This question is particularly urgent because the Web 2.0 concept
web2.0
has spread so widely that many companies are added to this word in their marketing hype, but it did not really understand its meaning . At the same time this problem is particularly difficult, because many start-ups hobby is obviously not the slogan of Web 2.0, and some we think Web 2.0 applications, such as Napster and BitTorrent, and even the network program is not really appropriate!) However, aside numerous caught up in Web 2.0 phenomenon, and then put it into development and social change perspective of view of large, Web 2.0 can be said to lead to the development of information technology brought about by the Internet revolution, future-oriented, people-centered innovation model in the Internet area of 2.0 A typical embodiment of weaving by professionals to all users in the innovation process of democratization weaving vivid comments. Features (1) users to participate in web content production. Individual web1.0 site with different modes of information dissemination, web2.0 site's content is often user released, allowing users to both visitors to the site content is also a maker of Web content, which means users web2.0 website provide more opportunities for participation, such as blog and wiki site is a typical guiding users to create content, and tag technologies (the User Settings tab) to the traditional classification of information the site directly to the user to complete (2) web2. 0 pay more attention to interactivity. Not only the process of publishing content users and the network server interaction to achieve, but also achieve the same site of interaction between different users, as well as the interaction of information between different sites. (3) comply with web standards website design. web standards are currently being promoted on the website of the international standard, commonly referred to as web site construction standards generally refers to the language based on XHTML web design language, in fact, web standards are not a standard, but a series of standards set . standard web application model is a typical access. More important point is that, in line with web standards and search engine site for more user friendly. (4) web2.0 web1.0 website there is no absolute boundaries. web2.0 technology tools can be a web1.0 site, some before the birth of the concept in web2.0 site itself also has a web2.0 features such as B2B e-commerce site for free information dissemination and networking community web site content type from the users. (5) web2.0 technology is the core guiding principle is not. There are some typical web2.0 technology, but technology is adopted in order to achieve the means to some end. web2.0 web2.0 web technology itself is not the core, it is important that the typical web2.0 web2.0 technology embodies the characteristics of the application of a model. Therefore, not so much technological innovation web2.0 is the Internet, as it is the guiding ideology of the revolutionary Internet applications. Web2.0 related technologies for the description of the concept, usually describes a typical case of eb2.0 site, together with related technologies on the part of the explanation eb2.0 these Web2.0 technologies include: blog (BLOG), RSS, encyclopedia ( Wiki), net pick, social networking (SNS), P2P, instant messaging (IM) and so on. The following is a brief introduction of relevant technologies Web2.0 Blog - blog / blog, Blog of the full name should be the Web log, later abbreviated to Blog. Blog is an easy to use website, where you can quickly publish ideas, communicate with others and engage in other activities. All of this is free.
web2.0
RSS, RSS is a site and other sites to share content between a simple way (also known as polymer content) of the technology. Originally from the browser, WIKI - Encyclopedia, Wiki - more than one kind of collaborative writing tool. Wiki sites can have many (or even any visitor) maintenance, everyone can express their views, or to extend or common themes discussed. Wiki refers to a hypertext system. The hypertext system to support collaborative writing for the community, but also includes a set of auxiliary tools to support this writing. Some people think that, Wiki system is a grid system of human knowledge, we can based on the Wiki Web text view, create, change, and create, modify, publish HTML text smaller than the cost; also Wiki system also supports community-oriented collaborative writing, collaborative writing is to provide the necessary assistance; Finally, Wiki to write the natural form of a community, Wiki system for the community to provide simple communication tool. Compared with other hypertext systems, Wiki has the characteristics of easy to use and open, so the Wiki system can help a community to share in a certain field of knowledge. Web 2.0 Features 1, people involved in Web1.0, the Internet content is a small editorial staff (or owners) customized, such as the portal; in Web2.0 where everyone is content contributors. 2, man is the soul of a new era of the Internet, the information contributed by each person out, and the individuals together constitute the Internet information source. Web2.0 is the soul of people. 3, read and write in the Web1.0 Internet, the Internet is Although everyone involved in information feeds, but in a wide range of watch and contribute to a small part of most of the people. 4, Web2.0 Web2.0 contains the elements we often use the services, such as blog, podcasts, wikis, P2P downloads, community, sharing services. Web2.0 in the blog is a very important element because it broke the monopoly of information portals in the future, the blog's status will be even more important. 5, the personal views of Web2.0 Web1.0 is actually a source of information for expansion, diversification, and personalization. First, the seven principles of Web 2.0 to explore some of our principles is through a number of Web 1.0 success stories, and some of the most interesting new applications to be embodied. Internet as a platform for as many important concepts, Web 2.0 is not a clear line, but a gravitational core. Web 2.0 might be regarded as a set of principles and practices, which to the near or far from the core of the site consisted of a network system similar to the solar system, these sites more or less embodies the principles of Web 2.0. Figure 1 is a Web 2.0 Basically, this figure is still in evolution, but has painted from the core concept of Web 2.0 in many of the concepts derived. For example, in October 2004 the first meeting of Web 2.0, 约翰巴特利 (John Battelle) and I are in our own opening statement listed a preliminary set of principles. The first of these principles is This also is a Web 1.0 darling Netscape (Netscape) rallying cry, and Netscape in the battle with Microsoft's fallen. In addition, our earlier model for Web 1.0 in two, DoubleClick and Akamai, as the platform for all is a pioneer in the network. People often do not think this is a network service, but in fact, ad serving was the first widely used Web services, but also the first to be widely used in the mixed treatment (mashup), if using another word to the recent popular say. Each banner ad (banner ad) are used in the seamless cooperation between the two sites, in addition to the reader on a computer to pass an integration of good page. Akamai will also be the network as platform, and in a deeper level, to build a transparent caching and content distribution network to reduce the broadband congestion. Nevertheless, these pioneers provided useful contrasts because later, when those who encounter the same problems, can be pioneers to further extend the solution to the understanding of the nature of the new platform and more strong. DoubleClick and Akamai were Web 2.0 pioneer, and we can also see, through the introduction of more Web 2.0 design patterns, to achieve more applications. Let us in these three cases, as some go into each one to explore the meantime some of the essential differences. Netscape Netscape on Google can be called Web 1.0 if the standard-bearer, Google almost certainly Web 2.0 in the standard-bearer, just look at their initial public offering (IPO) is how to reveal their own time to clear. So we locate these two companies and the difference between its start. Netscape software copies to the traditional outline of its so-called At the same time, their strategy was to use their dominance of the browser market to establish its expensive server products market. In theory, control the display in the browser the content and process standards, gives Netscape a market power, as Microsoft in the personal computer market on the enjoyment of the same. Much like the original purchased the Netscape server push information providers to the various small programs to promote the development of such a network desktop. Eventually, web browsers and web servers have become In contrast, Google Zeyi natural role of network applications available, it is never sold or packaged with its procedures, but rather a way to deliver services. Customers directly or indirectly, for the services they use to pay Google. Defects in the existing software industry lost. Not a regular software releases, just continuous improvement. Without the license or sale, only need to use. Without their equipment to allow users to run the software on the platform had to move, only to build grand, formed by the large number of personal computers, scalable network, and its open source operating systems running on its own research and applications and tools, and any others outside the company never exposed to these things. In the bottom, Google needs a capacity of Netscape never needed: database management. Google is much more than a collection of software tools, it is a specialized database. Without these data, the tools will have no useless; not the software, the data will be beyond control. Software licensing and application program interface (API) of the control - the magic of an era - have been irrelevant, because Google's software is not distributed from the need to perform, but also because if you do not have the collection and management the ability of the data, the software itself is nothing useful. In fact, the value of software to help manage its data with the size and activity directly proportional. Google's service is not a simple server, although the services are provided through large-scale collection of servers to deliver the Internet; the service is not a browser, although this service is by the user in the browser to experience. Google's flagship product - the search service, even hosting that allows users to search for content. Process much like a phone call, not only in the call ends, but in the middle of the network. Users and their online experience as a mediator, Google act on the browser, search engines and ultimately the space between the content server. Although Netscape and Google could be described as software companies, but obviously can be attributed to the Netscape Lotus, Microsoft, Oracle, SAP, and others originated in the eighties of last century the software revolution that formed the world of software companies. And Google's companions, it is like eBay, Amazon, Napster, DoubleClick and Akamai until such Internet companies. DoubleClick on Overture and AdSense with Google, DoubleClick is a true Internet age children. It is the software as a service, data management, with core competence and, as mentioned above, it is a network service as early as the name is not even had time to already start their services pioneer. However, DoubleClick was ultimately limited by its business model to live. It bought into the concept of the nineties the Internet. The idea about publishing, not participation; around the advertisers, not consumers, to call the shots; around the scale, that the internet was as MediaMetrix other web ad scoring companies scale dominated by the so-called top sites. A result, DoubleClick proudly cites on its website: The relative ratio is, Yahoo! Search Marketing (formerly Overture) and Google AdSense has been for hundreds of thousands of advertisers. Overture and Google's success comes from Chris Anderson (Chris Anderson) that the so-called DoubleClick's offerings require a formal sales contract, limiting their market to the few thousand largest websites. Overture and Google figured out how to enable ad placement on virtually any web page. Furthermore, they avoided the publishers and advertising agencies were the favorite form of advertising, such as banner ads and pop-up ads, and using the minimum of interference, context sensitive, user-friendly form of text ads. Web 2.0 experience: effective use of consumer self-service and algorithmic data management to be able to reach extends to the entire Internet, extending to the edges and not just the center, extending to the long tail and not just the head. Not surprisingly, other Web 2.0 success story also shows the same trajectory. eBay automatically plays a role of intermediary, so that a few dollars between single individuals, occasional transactions possible. Napster (though shut down for legal reasons) built its network to a centralized song database, but it allows each to download also became a server, and thus grew the network. Akamai similar to the BitTorrent with DoubleClick, Akamai's business focus with the head, not the tail; for the center, not edge. While it serves the individual who is in the interests of the network edge, the center of their access to high demand for paving the way for the site, but its revenue still comes from those located in the center's Web site. BitTorrent, P2P, like a wave, like other advocates, adopted a radical approach to reach the Internet to the center of the (internet decentralization) purposes. Each client is also a server; files are split into fragments that can be many places on the network, transparently harnessing the network of downloaders to provide for other download bandwidth and data. In fact, the faster the more popular the file, because there are more users providing bandwidth for this file and fragments. BitTorrent thus demonstrates a key Web 2.0 principle: the more service the better. Akamai server side must be increased to improve service, the other side is BitTorrent consumer brings his own resources to the party. Can be said that there is an implicit Participation in this system, the service acts primarily as an intelligent broker, all on the edge of the network link, taking full advantage of the user's own power. Using the collective wisdom born in the Web 1.0 era and survived, but also to continue to lead the Web 2.0 era of those behind the success of the giants, there is a core principle, that they have embraced the power of networks to harness collective intelligence: - Super link is the foundation. As users add new content and new site, will be limited to a particular network structure, this network structure is by other users discovering the content and links. As synapses in the brain, with associations becoming more and more by copying and strengthen strong, and all network users as a direct result of all the activities of the web of connections grows organically. - Yahoo!, The first great success story, was born in a catalog, or directory of links, one of thousands, then millions of web users a summary of the best work. Although later Yahoo! create many types of content into the business, but as a portal to the collection of Internet users have the role of collective work, is still the core of its value. - Google is a breakthrough in search, PageRank technology, which quickly became the undisputed search market leader. PageRank is a link to use the network structure, rather than just the document's properties, to achieve better search effectiveness. - Amazon with Barnesandnoble.com and other competitors selling the same product, obtain from the seller at the same time these companies are the same product descriptions, cover images and directories. The difference is, Amazon is already created out of a science of user engagement. Amazon has more than its competitors more than an order of magnitude higher than the user evaluation, and more inviting to users in varied ways on virtually every page on the participation and, more importantly, they use user activity to produce better search results. Barnesandnoble.com search results may point to the company's own products, or sponsored results, Amazon always leads with been around Amazon insiders call the product With an order of magnitude higher user participation, Amazon sales than its competitors is not surprising. Now, with this insight, and may extend it to those innovative companies, are making their mark on the Internet. Wikipedia (Wikipedia) is an online encyclopedia, and its implementation based on a seemingly impossible concept. The notion that an entry can be added by any web user, but can be edited by any other. No doubt, this is an extreme test of trust, will Eric Raymond (Eric Raymond) motto (from the context of open source software): is the superficial Wikipedia is already in the top the list of hundred sites, and many people think it will be in the top ten. This content creation is a far-reaching changes. Like del.icio.us (delicious bookmarks) and Flickr, the website, the company has recently received wide attention and has been as in a the concept of a pioneer. Tagging itself is used as the brain, the kind of multiple, overlapping associations, rather than rigid categories. A classic example cited in the Flickr website, photo of a puppy may be added Collaborative spam filtering products like Cloudmark, to gather e-mail users to The great Internet success stories do not advertise their products, which has almost become axiomatic. They use How a site or product relies on advertising to publicity, you can almost conclude that it is not Web 2.0. Even if much of the infrastructure itself, including in most web servers used in Linux, Apache, MySQL, and Perl, PHP or Python code, but also relies on open source peer production (peer-production) approach. Which contains a collective, the network gives wisdom. Listed on the SourceForge.net Web site at least 100,000 kinds of open source software projects. Anyone can add a project, anyone can download and use the project code. Meanwhile, as a result of users, the new project from the edge of the migration to the center. An acceptance of the organic process of the software is almost entirely on viral marketing. Meanwhile, as a result of user applications, new projects migrate from the edge to the center, which is an almost entirely on viral marketing, organic software adoption process. Experience: network effects from user contributions, is the rule in the Web 2.0 era of the critical market. Application platform will always beat the same opponents in the past the competition every time, Microsoft have successfully used the platform to play this card, defeated even the most dominant applications. Windows platform for Microsoft to replace the Excel Lotus 1-2-3, Word replaced by WordPerfect,, to replace the Netscape Internet Explorer browser. But this time, the conflict is not between the platform and applications, but between two platforms. Each platform Jieyou a very different business model: on the one hand, an independent software vendor with a broad user base and the application interface and tightly integrated operating system, programming model and thus be controlled; the other hand, is a no owner's system, by a set of protocols, open standards and consensus on co-operation to link together. Windows system represents the interface by the software program for proprietary control of the peak. Netscape has tried to deal with Microsoft had the means used by their opponents to be competing with Microsoft, but failed. However, the Apache open standards with the Internet but has flourished. This time put on the war situation, is no longer an unequal duel isolated software platform, but to become a platform for confrontation between platforms. The question is, which platform, or which system is more far-reaching, and which business models, the most able to adapt to future opportunities. Windows PC for the early era of the problem is a superior solution. It unifies the arena of application developers to solve the problem of many problems in this area. But this supply-side control by a single method across the board is no longer the appropriate solution, made to a problem. Communication system needs for interoperability, the Internet is certainly the case as a platform. Unless the supplier can control the interaction of the two terminals of each case, this program interface software to lock the user is unlikely. Any attempt to promote through the control platform provider of Web 2.0 applications, by definition, have lost the superiority of this platform. This does not mean the opportunity to lock and competitive advantage no longer exist, but rather that we believe that this opportunity is not through the control software program interfaces and protocols made. The new rules of the game is emerging. Those who can understand these new rules of the game, rather than attempt to return to the old era of PC software, the rules of the company, will it be possible in the Web 2.0 era of success. Web 2.0 blog wisdom of the times and the public one of the most sought after feature is the rise of the blog. Personal home early from the Internet has existed, and personal diary and daily opinion column published in more ancient origin, then in the end what makes a fuss of it? Owned by root, the blog is just a form of personal diary page. But as 里奇斯格仁塔 (Rich Skrenta) pointed out, the blog in chronological order to arrange the structure RSS is a computer guru since the early recognized the CGI (Common Gateway Interface) can be used to create database-based Web site has the basic structure of the Internet the most important progress. RSS makes it not just a link to a page and can subscribe to this page, which changes every time the page generated will be notified. Skrenta called it Others call it Of course, the so-called While the dynamic vitality of not only the web site and the link area. A pointer to a network link to the blog is actually pointing to a constantly updated Web pages, including any of an article pointing to the Thus, a bookmark or RSS is more than a single page of links pointing to much stronger. RSS also means that the web browser is no longer just limited to viewing a web page. Despite the like, such as bloglines RSS aggregator (RSS aggregators) is based on the network, but others are desktop clients, and still others can be used in portable devices to regularly updated content, such as online reading tool to Ya frog network, personal customized RSS itself, the scope of further strengthening network frog Ya. RSS is now used not only for push notification of new blog entries can also be used for other kinds of data updates, including stock quotes, weather, and pictures. Such use is actually a return to the origin RSS: RSS was born in 1997, is the confluence of the following two technologies: one is Dave Winer (Dave Winer) of the Syndication) technology, used to notify the blog updates; the other is provided by Netscape, Later, Netscape lost interest, and the technology, a blog by the Wenner Userland to undertake pioneering companies down. However, in the current crop of applications, I can see both parents. However, RSS is just so different from an ordinary web blog part of the reason. Tomko Waters (Tom Coates) commented that the importance of the fixed link: In many ways, RSS combination with the fixed link, as HTPP (Internet Protocol) added NNTP (Usenet news network protocol) many of the features. The so-called equivalent phenomenon. Not only can people subscribe to each site and easily link to individual comments on a page, and by a known trackbacks (trackbacks) mechanisms that anyone else can link to their pages, and can link with each other or Add a comment way to respond. If an essence of Web 2.0 is harnessing collective intelligence, turning the web into a kind of global brain, then the circle is the former head blog chatter nonsense, that we could hear the voice of the mind. It may not reflect the brain's deep structure is often unconscious, but is instead the equivalent of conscious thought. As a conscious thought and attention, reflecting, blog circle has begun to have a powerful effect. First, because search engines use link structure to help predict useful pages, as the most prolific and timely linkers, blog in shaping search engine results as a disproportionate role. Second, because the blog community is so highly self reference, focus on other blog's blog magnifies their visibility and power. In addition, critics decry the If only an amplifier, writing a blog would be uninteresting. But like Wikipedia, blog collective intelligence as a kind of filter. By James Suri Ao Weiqi (James Suriowecki) called the collective attention of ring filter out something of value. While mainstream media may see individual blog as competitors, but really unnerving is the same blog as a whole circle of competition. This is not just a competition between sites, but also a competition between business models. The world of Web 2.0 is what Dan Palmer (Dan Gillmor) of the so-called In this world, Data is the Next Intel Inside Every significant Internet applications by a specialized database: Google's web crawler, Yahoo! the directory (and web crawl), Amazon's product database, eBay's product database and vendors, MapQuest's map databases, Napster's distributed song database. As 哈尔瓦里安 (Hal Varian) in the last year talking about a private conversation, Database management is a Web 2.0 company's core competitiveness, so that we have sometimes referred to these applications as This fact leads to a key question: Who owns the data? In the Internet era, we may have seen a number of cases in which control over the database has led to market control and outsized financial returns. Originally by the U.S. government fiat to Network Solutions (Verisign company after the acquisition) the monopoly on domain name registration, once a cash cow on the Internet first. While we debate the API through the control software that business advantage in the Internet age will become much more difficult, but the control of key data sources are different, especially when those data sources to create very expensive, or via the network effect likely to increase return time. Note the MapQuest, maps.yahoo.com, maps.msn.com, or maps.google.com, each map site offers the following copyright notice, you'll see the line If you are using the new satellite imagery services, see the These companies have done a lot of their database investment. (Only NavTeq one to announce investment of 750 million U.S. dollars to build their street address and route database. Digital Globe will invest 500 million U.S. dollars to launch its own satellite image provided by the Government to improve.) NavTeq actually have done as to imitate Intel's familiar Intel Inside logo: for example, a car with a navigation system on with the In fact many of these programs the data is the Intel Inside, are the only source of information system components, most of these systems is an open source software system, but also commercial. The now hotly contested web mapping (web mapping) areas showing on the importance of core data with the software's negligence, will eventually undercut its competitive position. MapQuest map of 1995, the first to enter the field, followed by Yahoo!, and then later that Microsoft, Google recently decided to enter the market, they can easily by licensing the same data to provide a competitive program. However, as a contrast to the competitive position of Amazon.com. Like competitors such as Barnesandnoble.com, its original database came from ISBN registrar. R. Bowker. But with MapQuest, Amazon relentlessly enhanced the data, increasing data publishers, such as cover images, directory, index, and sample material. More importantly, they harnessed their users to annotate the data, that after ten years, Amazon, not Bowker, became a major source of bibliographic data on books,paul smith shoes, a scholar, librarians, and reference source for consumers. Amazon also introduced their own proprietary identifier, the ASIN, the presence of the identifier in the corresponding ISBN, and when the product is not with the ISBN, it creates an equivalent namespace. Amazon and thus effectively Imagine if MapQuest had done the same thing, harnessing their users to annotate maps and directions, adding new layers of value. So on the basis of data just by licensing to other competitors enter the market, will result in much more difficult. The recent introduction of Google Maps for application vendors and competition between its data providers to provide a living laboratory. Google, lightweight programming model has led to the emergence of numerous value-added services, these services the way the data mixed, will Google's Maps with other data sources accessible through the Internet combined. Paul Rowlatt Mach (Paul Rademacher) housingmaps.com, this is an excellent example of mixing, the site will be Google Maps with Craigslist apartment rental and home purchase data combined to create an interactive housing search tool. At present, these mashups are mostly implemented by hackers innovative experimental products. But the corporate action to follow. And already, at least one class from the developers found it. Google has the role of data source away from Navteq, where, and to position itself as a favored intermediary. In the next few years, we will see the data providers and application vendors in the struggle between, as both realize, and specific data types as building blocks for Web 2.0 program is very important. The race is on to own certain classes of core data: location, identity, calendaring of public events, product identifiers and namespaces. In many cases, significant cost to create the data that place, there may be an Intel Inside style play, with as a single source for the data as an opportunity. Other cases, the winner will be achieved via user aggregation, critical mass, and will aggregate data into a system service company. For example, in the area of identity, PayPal, Amazon one-click, and the millions of users of communications systems, are likely to build a network-wide identity database of legitimate competitors. (In this regard, Google recently used cell phone numbers as identification attempts Gmail account, may be telephone system towards embracing and extending a step.) Meanwhile, start-up companies such as Sxip are exploring the possibility of federated identity to seeking a In the Calendar area, EVDB is through the wiki style architecture of participation to build the world's largest shared calendar a try. While the jury still out on any particular startup or approach is successful, it is clear that the standards in these areas and solutions, effectively some of the data into the subsystems, will enable the next generation of applications. On the data, you must pay attention to a further aspect, that is, user concerns about data privacy and rights of their own. In many early web applications, copyright is only loosely enforced. For example, Amazon lays claim to any comments submitted to the site's ownership, but the lack of enforcement, people may repost the same review elsewhere. However, as companies begin to realize that control over data may become their primary source of competitive advantage, we will see more intense in such control attempts. As the rise of proprietary software led to the Free Software movement, in the next 10 years we will see the rise of proprietary databases will lead to free data movement. Such as Wikipedia in the open data project, Creative Commons (Creative Commons), as well as Greasemonkey (allow users to decide how to display data on their computer) so that software projects, we can see that the momentum against the precursor. Some systems are designed to encourage participation. In 丹布莱克林 (Dan Bricklin) of the paper The first has to be embodied by the Yahoo!, that is paid to people to achieve. The second, from the experience of the open source community inspired, is to allow volunteers to accomplish the same task. Open Directory Project (Open Directory Project), an open source Yahoo competitor, is a product of the method. Napster, however reflects a third way. Because Napster set its defaults to automatically have downloaded music for any service, any user is automatically the value of helping to build a shared database. The same approach has been all the other P2P file sharing service used. Web 2.0 era is a key experience: Users add value. But only a small fraction of users will wish to come to add value to your application without trouble. Thus, Web 2.0 companies have made such a default setting, which typically use as a by-product, to aggregate user data, and create value. As noted above, they build the more people that is the better system. Mitch Kapoor (Mitch Kapor) pointed out that the Participation is the essence of Napster, the fundamental part of the system. With the more frequently cited the so-called Internet, World Wide Web (World Wide Web), as well as Linux, Apache and Perl open source software projects such architecture are of such a design, the automatically generated as a by-product, pursue their own interests to create users the collective value. Any of these items have a small core, a well-designed extension mechanism, and a way for anyone to add any qualifying component of the way, the growing of being the founder of Perl, Larry * Walter (Larry Wall) known as the In other words, these technologies through their original design approach, which embodies the network effect. End of software release cycle in the above comparison of Google and Netscape discussed, the representation of the software features of the Internet age is that it should be delivered as a service. This fact led to the company's business model of such a lot of fundamental change. 1. Operations must become a core competency. Google or Yahoo! in product development expertise, with the daily operations must be matched by an expertise. From software as artifact to software as a service change is so fundamental, that the software will no longer be able to complete the task, unless a daily basis to maintain. Google must continuously crawl the Internet and update its indices, continuously filter out link spam and other things that affect their results, continuously and dynamically respond to hundreds of millions of asynchronous user queries, simultaneously to these queries with context-sensitive ads to match. So, Google's system management, networking, and load balancing techniques are perhaps even more than their search algorithms are closely guarded secrets is not surprising. Google in the success of automating these processes is its cost advantage over competitors is a key aspect. Also not surprising that, like Perl, Python, PHP, Ruby, and the current scripting languages such companies in the Web 2.0 play an important role. Sun's first webmaster, Hassan Schroeder (Hassan Schroeder) had a Perl was famously described: In fact, dynamic languages (often called scripting languages and software products, software engineers to belittle the times), is a system and network administrators, as well dynamic system can be regularly updated as application developers have their favorite tools. 2. Users must be treated as co-developers to this is from the open source development practices resulting in a reflection (even if the software is unlikely to be an open source license issue.) Open source dictum, In the open state in which the product development, new features on a monthly, weekly, even daily basis are in place. Gmail, Google Maps, Flickr, del.icio.us, and other similar services, may at some stage the name of the test version of the logo for many years. Therefore, real-time monitoring of user behavior to see what new features are used, and how they are used, thus becomes another required core competency. An online service at a major developer of network operators, commented: they like them, we take them to the entire site. Obviously, this is in stark contrast with the traditional development model. While not all web applications are like Flickr to develop such extreme ways, but almost all web applications have a PC or with any client - server time different development cycle. For this reason, ZDnet editorial concluded that Microsoft will not beat Google: themselves and explore new things. in-depth level, there are other companies significantly. Born Web 2.0 companies enjoy a natural advantage because they do not need to get rid of the old model (and its corresponding business models and revenue sources). Lightweight Programming Models Once the idea of web services popular, large companies with a complex web services stack into the fray. The web services stack is designed for distributed applications to build a more reliable programming environment. However, as the web succeeded precisely because it overthrew a lot of hypertext theory, RSS in order to perfect the design to replace the simple pragmatism, because of its simplicity and has become perhaps the most widely used network services, while the complex enterprise network service has not been able to achieve a wide range of applications. Similarly, Amazon.com Web services, there are two forms: one adhering to the SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol, Simple Object Access Protocol) web services stack formalism; the other is in the HTTP protocol in addition to simply providing XML data , in a lightweight approach sometimes referred to as REST (Representational State Transfer, Representational State Transfer). While high value of the B2B connection (such as those in the Amazon and a number of retail partners like ToysRUs between this connection) using the SOAP stack, but according to Amazon reports that 95% of the usage of the lightweight REST service. The same requirements of simplicity, from other Google's recent launch of Google Maps is an example. A simple Google Maps AJAX (Javascript and XML) interface was quickly decrypted by hackers, who then proceeded to remix the data into the new service. Map-related web services had been for some time, like for example like ESRI GIS (geographic information system), and from MapQuest and Microsoft MapPoint. But Google Maps because of its simplicity and let the world excited. While the former supported by the vendor web services required a formal agreement between the parties, but the way Google Maps was implemented so that data can be captured, and hackers soon found a creative reuse of these data. Here are some important lessons: 1. Support allows for loosely coupled systems lightweight programming model. Developed by the company's complex web services stack is designed to enable tight coupling. While this is necessary in many cases is that many of the most important applications can indeed remain loosely coupled, and even fragile. Web 2.0 mindset is very different from the traditional concept of IT. 2. Consider the aggregate (syndication) rather than coordination (coordination). Simple network services, such as RSS and REST-based web services, is used to aggregate data from outside, but does not control the connection to what happens when the other end. The idea is the basis of the Internet itself, a reflection of the principle of the so-called end to end. 3. Programmability and can be mixed design. Like the original web, RSS and AJAX such systems have this in common: very low barriers to reuse. Many useful software is actually open source, but even if it is not, nor did many things to protect their intellectual property. Internet browser's the success of web services, are services that have been easiest to think of the creator of a new direction. With the more general Lightweight business models are lightweight lightweight combination of programming and a natural product. Web 2.0 mindset is good at reuse. Housingmaps.com kind of like this new service is to crawl through the two existing services together to simply create together. Housingmaps.com business model has not (so far), but for many small-scale services, Google's AdSense (or Amazon's associates fees, or both) to provide a revenue model similar services. The Case for Web 2.0 Another key principle for the inspiration, which we call When commodity components are abundant, you can order new or effective way to assemble these components to create value. Much like the PC revolution, the assembly of commodity hardware, providing many opportunities for innovation, including companies such as Dell to create the science of this assembly, thereby defeating that business model required innovation in product development company, we believe that Web 2.0 provided for each company, through the use and integration of services provided by other people getting better, to win the chance to compete. Software beyond a single device is worth mentioning another Web 2.0 feature is the Web 2.0 is no longer limited to the PC platform, such a fact. In his parting advice to Microsoft's long-term Microsoft Developer 戴夫斯塔兹 (Dave Stutz) said: Of course, any web application can be seen beyond a single device software. After all, even the simplest web application involves at least two computers: one for the network server and the one the browser. And as we've discussed in the network as a platform for development, extends this idea to multiple computers by the services provided by the composition of the synthetic application. But like many areas of Web 2.0, as in where the argument gives us a platform for the new programs and services of the critical insight. So far, iTunes is the best example of this principle. This application seamlessly reaches from the handheld device to a massive web back, in which PC acting as a local cache and control station. There have been many before the contents of the Internet to the portable devices to try, but the iPod / iTunes combination is one of the first such applications designed from the ground up to span multiple devices. TiVo is another good example. iTunes and TiVo also reflects some of the other core Web 2.0 principles. They themselves are not web applications, but they leverage the power of the Internet platform, the network as its system a seamless, almost invisible part. Data management is clearly the value they provide the core. They are services, not packaged applications (although in iTunes, it can be used as a packaged application, managing only the user's local data.) Not only that, TiVo and iTunes show some budding use of collective intelligence. Although in each case, their experiments are deal with the network IP portal. iTunes, only a limited architecture of participation, although the recent addition of podcasting (podcasting) will be a lot of laws that rule. This is what we want to see great changes in the field of a Web 2.0, as more and more devices are connected to the new platform in the past. When our phones and cars are not consuming data but reporting it may be what kind of procedures? Real time traffic monitoring, flash bosozoku (flash mobs), and citizen journalism, the ability of the new platform is just few of the early warning. Venture capitalist Paul Luoke De Rawski (Paul Kedrosky) writes: Interestingly, we note that every aspect of Web 2.0 are related to differences with the consensus: everyone was stressed the importance of maintaining data privacy, and Flickr / Napster and so on, but make it public. This is not just to differences differences (such as the pursuit of pet food online), but something from which to create a place where differences. Flickr to create a community, Napster created a collection of breadth. Another way to look at this phenomenon is that successful companies are expensive but give up some important things to be considered in order to have free access to some valuable things too expensive. For example, Wikipedia's editorial focus to give up control to the speed and breadth as a reward. Napster to give up the Amazon gave up the idea for a physical store, but to serve the entire world. Google to give up the bulk of users (the beginning), it has been 80%, and its requirements are not met before the user. The following statement is very few Aikido (leveraging the power of) the spirit: news. - Neisentuoke British Dayton (Nat Torkington) rich user experience dates back to 1992, Wei Peiyuan (Pei-Yuan Wei) development of the Viola browser, the Internet was used in the web browser to send the (applet) and other activities. Java's introduction in 1995, around the delivery of such applets. DHTML JavaScript and later were introduced as lightweight ways to provide client side programmability and richer user experience. A few years ago, Macromedia to create a GUI (graphical user interface) style application experiences. However, the Internet's potential to pass on the entire application before Google introduced Gmail, has not become mainstream, quickly followed by Google Maps application, a number of Internet-based PC with a rich user interface and interactive program is equivalent to the application. Web design company Adaptive Path in the Yexi • James • Temple (Jesse James Garrett), a discussion paper, Google used to be named this group of technology AJAX. He wrote: Ajax is not a technology. It is really several technologies, each flourishing in its own, they are a powerful new ways together. Ajax covers: - the use of XHTML and CSS standards-based variety show. - Using the Document Object Model (Document Object Model) for dynamic display and interaction. - Using XML and XSLT for data exchange and manipulation. - Asynchronous data retrieval using XMLHttpRequest. - JavaScript to bind together all of these. Web 2.0 AJAX is a key component of the program, for example, now part of Yahoo! of Flickr, 37signals basecamp and procedures backpack, and other Google programs, such as Gmail and Orkut. We're entering an unprecedented period of user interface innovation, as web developers are finally able to create, as the local PC-based web applications as rich program. Interestingly, many of the functions now being explored has been in existence for many years. The late 90's, Microsoft and Netscape, are now finally being recognized some insight into those features, but they are for the standard to be used in battle, making cross-browser applications difficult. It was only when Microsoft definitively won the browser war, and there was really only need for a browser standard to write this kind of application possible. And while in the browser market, Firefox has reintroduced competition, but at least now we have not seen the destructive competition over web standards that set us back in the '90s. Web 2.0 design patterns in the He wrote: do not repeat from do the same thing. Therefore, the use of customer self service and algorithmic data management to extend to the entire Internet, not just reach the edge of the center, to reach the long tail and not just the head. Data is the Next Intel Inside Applications are increasingly data-driven. Therefore: For competitive advantage, should try to have a unique, hard to recreate data resources. Add value to the user program on the Internet for competitive advantage is the key to what extent will the user data you provide, add their own data. Thus, you do not keep Let your users implicit and explicit procedures for you to add value. The default network effects only a small percentage of users will go to the trouble to add value to your application. Therefore: the default settings to get the aggregate user data, a by-product of the user to use the program. Some power to retain intellectual property protection limits re also hindered the experiment. Thus, the benefits from the collective wisdom of the time constraints rather than private, should be confirmed by a lower threshold. Follow the existing guidelines, and few restrictions as possible to authorize. Design process so that with programmability and can be mixed. Beta forever and procedures when the device is connected to the Internet, the program is not the software works, and they are ongoing services. Therefore, do not be packaged into a variety of new features are master of the release version, but as an ordinary part of the user experience often add these features. To attract your users to act as real-time testers, and record these services in order to understand how people use these new features. Cooperation, not control Web 2.0, collaborative process is built on top of the data service network. Therefore: the interface to provide network services and content aggregation, and reuse other people's data services. Support allows for loosely coupled systems lightweight programming model. PC software beyond a single device the application is no longer the only Internet access device, and limited to the value of the program a single device connected to the program is less than that. So: from the beginning to design your application to integrate across handheld devices, PC, and the Internet server of the range of services. Innovation 2.0 from Web 2.0 to Web 2.0 aside and caught numerous phenomena, and then put it into development and social change in the large perspective view, Web 2.0 can be said to lead to the development of information technology brought about by the Internet revolution, the future, 2.0 people-centered innovation model in the Internet field typical embodiment of weaving by professionals to all users in the innovation process of democratization weaving vivid Notes [1]. Innovation 2.0 (Innovation 2.0) reference should be derived from WEB2.0 over. WEB2.0 is to enable everyone to participate, all the people weaving, and then use the software, the machine's power to make such information more easily find and view people in need. If WEB1.0 is the core data network, WEB2.0 is people starting point of the Internet. Therefore, innovative 2.0 is for all to participate in innovation, use of technical means to share and spread knowledge and innovation. If the innovative technology as the starting point is 1.0, Innovation 2.0 is the starting point for people-to people-centered innovation, application-based innovation, is open to innovation, co-innovation, innovative user-centric applications. Technology innovation is the main innovation, innovative interactive elements under the complex emergence of a complex phenomenon, is the technological advancement and application of innovative 2.0 involves major technological innovation and management issues, the complexity of technological innovation that is mentioned in the article of national and regional scientific and technological innovation system, is much larger than the concept of Web2.0. The Web 2.0 Innovation 2.0 on the Internet should be a special application forms. In the final analysis the user is the key, both audience and participants. Description of the concept of Web2.0 technology is usually introduced by a typical case of eb2.0 site, together with related technologies on the part of the explanation eb2.0 these Web2.0 technologies include: blog (BLOG), RSS, Encyclopedia (Wiki ), the net pick, social networking (SNS), P2P, instant messaging (IM) and so on. WEB2.0-existing products Baidu Encyclopedia, Wiki Wikipedia, Wallop, yahoo360, openbc, cyworld, 43things, flickr, del.icio.us, cragslist, glob, Kijiji, friendster, linkin, UU pass, excellent friends, the sky net, love meters network, linkist, Sina little pass, skype, million friends, cyworld, Sina blogger, Tudou, Pig Witkey net. Must have elements include: * Web site should be able to allow users to shift the data within and outside the site. * Users on the site have their own data within the system * based entirely on the Web, all features can be done through the browser. Internet language has come WEB2.0 WEB2.0 is service, is an emerging network of vocabulary. WEB2.0 WEB services relative to the earlier, the difference is more focused on the interaction WEB2.0, focusing on grass-roots contributions for Internet content. Atlas Atlas entry for more reference materials 1
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Web2.0 Web1.0 is a relatively new term for a class of Internet applications. The main features of Web1.0 is the user access to information through the browser. Web2.0 is more focus on user interaction, the user is not only content browsing, and also a maker of Web content. The so-called creators of content on the Internet is that every Internet user is no longer just readers, but also become the author of the Internet; no longer just surfing the Internet, but also a wave maker; the pattern from a simple
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What are the main features related technology web2.0 Web 2.0 Web 2.0 features of the seven principles of the Internet as a platform to harness collective intelligence Data is the Next Intel Inside End of software release cycle, lightweight programming model of the software beyond a single device a rich user experience design Web 2.0 long tail model is the next Intel Inside data add value to the default user network effects to retain some power is always a test version of cooperation, rather than beyond a single device control software from Web 2.0 to Innovation 2.0 WEB2.0-existing language in the product network WEB2.0 What is Web1.0 web2.0 Web2.0 is a relatively new term for a class of Internet applications. The fall of 2001 the Internet Corporation (dot-com) bubble burst of the Internet marks a turning point. Many people concluded that the Internet is too much hype, in fact, from the Internet bubble and the stock market downturn have looked like a common feature of all technological revolutions. Typically marks the flourishing stock market recession, the technology has begun to occupy center stage. Counterfeiters were expelled, while the real success stories show their strength, and people began to understand what will be a story with another distinction. After the meeting in that year and a half years, However, to date about the meaning of Web 2.0 there are still great differences, some people will no doubt Web 2.0 relegated to speculation of a marketing slogan, while others will be understood as a new conventional wisdom. In our initial brainstorming, we have used some examples, formulated to express our understanding of Web 2.0:
Web 1.0Web 2.01DoubleClickGoogle AdSense 2OfotoFlickr3AkamaiBitTorrent4mp3.com Napster5 Encyclopedia Britannica Online (Britannica Online) Wikipedia ( Wikipedia) 6 personal website blog (blogging) 7eviteupcoming.org and EVDB 8 domain name speculation search engine optimization [1] [2] 9 screen capture (screen scraping) network services (web services) 10 issued in 11 of 12 directory wiki content management system (classification) labels (But in the end is what allows us to identify an application or a way for a so-called (This question is particularly urgent because the Web 2.0 concept
web2.0
has spread so widely that many companies are added to this word in their marketing hype, but it did not really understand its meaning . At the same time this problem is particularly difficult, because many start-ups hobby is obviously not the slogan of Web 2.0, and some we think Web 2.0 applications, such as Napster and BitTorrent, and even the network program is not really appropriate!) However, aside numerous caught up in Web 2.0 phenomenon, and then put it into development and social change perspective of view of large, Web 2.0 can be said to lead to the development of information technology brought about by the Internet revolution, future-oriented, people-centered innovation model in the Internet area of 2.0 A typical embodiment of weaving by professionals to all users in the innovation process of democratization weaving vivid comments. Features (1) users to participate in web content production. Individual web1.0 site with different modes of information dissemination, web2.0 site's content is often user released, allowing users to both visitors to the site content is also a maker of Web content, which means users web2.0 website provide more opportunities for participation, such as blog and wiki site is a typical guiding users to create content, and tag technologies (the User Settings tab) to the traditional classification of information the site directly to the user to complete (2) web2. 0 pay more attention to interactivity. Not only the process of publishing content users and the network server interaction to achieve, but also achieve the same site of interaction between different users, as well as the interaction of information between different sites. (3) comply with web standards website design. web standards are currently being promoted on the website of the international standard, commonly referred to as web site construction standards generally refers to the language based on XHTML web design language, in fact, web standards are not a standard, but a series of standards set . standard web application model is a typical access. More important point is that, in line with web standards and search engine site for more user friendly. (4) web2.0 web1.0 website there is no absolute boundaries. web2.0 technology tools can be a web1.0 site, some before the birth of the concept in web2.0 site itself also has a web2.0 features such as B2B e-commerce site for free information dissemination and networking community web site content type from the users. (5) web2.0 technology is the core guiding principle is not. There are some typical web2.0 technology, but technology is adopted in order to achieve the means to some end. web2.0 web2.0 web technology itself is not the core, it is important that the typical web2.0 web2.0 technology embodies the characteristics of the application of a model. Therefore, not so much technological innovation web2.0 is the Internet, as it is the guiding ideology of the revolutionary Internet applications. Web2.0 related technologies for the description of the concept, usually describes a typical case of eb2.0 site, together with related technologies on the part of the explanation eb2.0 these Web2.0 technologies include: blog (BLOG), RSS, encyclopedia ( Wiki), net pick, social networking (SNS), P2P, instant messaging (IM) and so on. The following is a brief introduction of relevant technologies Web2.0 Blog - blog / blog, Blog of the full name should be the Web log, later abbreviated to Blog. Blog is an easy to use website, where you can quickly publish ideas, communicate with others and engage in other activities. All of this is free.
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RSS, RSS is a site and other sites to share content between a simple way (also known as polymer content) of the technology. Originally from the browser, WIKI - Encyclopedia, Wiki - more than one kind of collaborative writing tool. Wiki sites can have many (or even any visitor) maintenance, everyone can express their views, or to extend or common themes discussed. Wiki refers to a hypertext system. The hypertext system to support collaborative writing for the community, but also includes a set of auxiliary tools to support this writing. Some people think that, Wiki system is a grid system of human knowledge, we can based on the Wiki Web text view, create, change, and create, modify, publish HTML text smaller than the cost; also Wiki system also supports community-oriented collaborative writing, collaborative writing is to provide the necessary assistance; Finally, Wiki to write the natural form of a community, Wiki system for the community to provide simple communication tool. Compared with other hypertext systems, Wiki has the characteristics of easy to use and open, so the Wiki system can help a community to share in a certain field of knowledge. Web 2.0 Features 1, people involved in Web1.0, the Internet content is a small editorial staff (or owners) customized, such as the portal; in Web2.0 where everyone is content contributors. 2, man is the soul of a new era of the Internet, the information contributed by each person out, and the individuals together constitute the Internet information source. Web2.0 is the soul of people. 3, read and write in the Web1.0 Internet, the Internet is Although everyone involved in information feeds, but in a wide range of watch and contribute to a small part of most of the people. 4, Web2.0 Web2.0 contains the elements we often use the services, such as blog, podcasts, wikis, P2P downloads, community, sharing services. Web2.0 in the blog is a very important element because it broke the monopoly of information portals in the future, the blog's status will be even more important. 5, the personal views of Web2.0 Web1.0 is actually a source of information for expansion, diversification, and personalization. First, the seven principles of Web 2.0 to explore some of our principles is through a number of Web 1.0 success stories, and some of the most interesting new applications to be embodied. Internet as a platform for as many important concepts, Web 2.0 is not a clear line, but a gravitational core. Web 2.0 might be regarded as a set of principles and practices, which to the near or far from the core of the site consisted of a network system similar to the solar system, these sites more or less embodies the principles of Web 2.0. Figure 1 is a Web 2.0 Basically, this figure is still in evolution, but has painted from the core concept of Web 2.0 in many of the concepts derived. For example, in October 2004 the first meeting of Web 2.0, 约翰巴特利 (John Battelle) and I are in our own opening statement listed a preliminary set of principles. The first of these principles is This also is a Web 1.0 darling Netscape (Netscape) rallying cry, and Netscape in the battle with Microsoft's fallen. In addition, our earlier model for Web 1.0 in two, DoubleClick and Akamai, as the platform for all is a pioneer in the network. People often do not think this is a network service, but in fact, ad serving was the first widely used Web services, but also the first to be widely used in the mixed treatment (mashup), if using another word to the recent popular say. Each banner ad (banner ad) are used in the seamless cooperation between the two sites, in addition to the reader on a computer to pass an integration of good page. Akamai will also be the network as platform, and in a deeper level, to build a transparent caching and content distribution network to reduce the broadband congestion. Nevertheless, these pioneers provided useful contrasts because later, when those who encounter the same problems, can be pioneers to further extend the solution to the understanding of the nature of the new platform and more strong. DoubleClick and Akamai were Web 2.0 pioneer, and we can also see, through the introduction of more Web 2.0 design patterns, to achieve more applications. Let us in these three cases, as some go into each one to explore the meantime some of the essential differences. Netscape Netscape on Google can be called Web 1.0 if the standard-bearer, Google almost certainly Web 2.0 in the standard-bearer, just look at their initial public offering (IPO) is how to reveal their own time to clear. So we locate these two companies and the difference between its start. Netscape software copies to the traditional outline of its so-called At the same time, their strategy was to use their dominance of the browser market to establish its expensive server products market. In theory, control the display in the browser the content and process standards, gives Netscape a market power, as Microsoft in the personal computer market on the enjoyment of the same. Much like the original purchased the Netscape server push information providers to the various small programs to promote the development of such a network desktop. Eventually, web browsers and web servers have become In contrast, Google Zeyi natural role of network applications available, it is never sold or packaged with its procedures, but rather a way to deliver services. Customers directly or indirectly, for the services they use to pay Google. Defects in the existing software industry lost. Not a regular software releases, just continuous improvement. Without the license or sale, only need to use. Without their equipment to allow users to run the software on the platform had to move, only to build grand, formed by the large number of personal computers, scalable network, and its open source operating systems running on its own research and applications and tools, and any others outside the company never exposed to these things. In the bottom, Google needs a capacity of Netscape never needed: database management. Google is much more than a collection of software tools, it is a specialized database. Without these data, the tools will have no useless; not the software, the data will be beyond control. Software licensing and application program interface (API) of the control - the magic of an era - have been irrelevant, because Google's software is not distributed from the need to perform, but also because if you do not have the collection and management the ability of the data, the software itself is nothing useful. In fact, the value of software to help manage its data with the size and activity directly proportional. Google's service is not a simple server, although the services are provided through large-scale collection of servers to deliver the Internet; the service is not a browser, although this service is by the user in the browser to experience. Google's flagship product - the search service, even hosting that allows users to search for content. Process much like a phone call, not only in the call ends, but in the middle of the network. Users and their online experience as a mediator, Google act on the browser, search engines and ultimately the space between the content server. Although Netscape and Google could be described as software companies, but obviously can be attributed to the Netscape Lotus, Microsoft, Oracle, SAP, and others originated in the eighties of last century the software revolution that formed the world of software companies. And Google's companions, it is like eBay, Amazon, Napster, DoubleClick and Akamai until such Internet companies. DoubleClick on Overture and AdSense with Google, DoubleClick is a true Internet age children. It is the software as a service, data management, with core competence and, as mentioned above, it is a network service as early as the name is not even had time to already start their services pioneer. However, DoubleClick was ultimately limited by its business model to live. It bought into the concept of the nineties the Internet. The idea about publishing, not participation; around the advertisers, not consumers, to call the shots; around the scale, that the internet was as MediaMetrix other web ad scoring companies scale dominated by the so-called top sites. A result, DoubleClick proudly cites on its website: The relative ratio is, Yahoo! Search Marketing (formerly Overture) and Google AdSense has been for hundreds of thousands of advertisers. Overture and Google's success comes from Chris Anderson (Chris Anderson) that the so-called DoubleClick's offerings require a formal sales contract, limiting their market to the few thousand largest websites. Overture and Google figured out how to enable ad placement on virtually any web page. Furthermore, they avoided the publishers and advertising agencies were the favorite form of advertising, such as banner ads and pop-up ads, and using the minimum of interference, context sensitive, user-friendly form of text ads. Web 2.0 experience: effective use of consumer self-service and algorithmic data management to be able to reach extends to the entire Internet, extending to the edges and not just the center, extending to the long tail and not just the head. Not surprisingly, other Web 2.0 success story also shows the same trajectory. eBay automatically plays a role of intermediary, so that a few dollars between single individuals, occasional transactions possible. Napster (though shut down for legal reasons) built its network to a centralized song database, but it allows each to download also became a server, and thus grew the network. Akamai similar to the BitTorrent with DoubleClick, Akamai's business focus with the head, not the tail; for the center, not edge. While it serves the individual who is in the interests of the network edge, the center of their access to high demand for paving the way for the site, but its revenue still comes from those located in the center's Web site. BitTorrent, P2P, like a wave, like other advocates, adopted a radical approach to reach the Internet to the center of the (internet decentralization) purposes. Each client is also a server; files are split into fragments that can be many places on the network, transparently harnessing the network of downloaders to provide for other download bandwidth and data. In fact, the faster the more popular the file, because there are more users providing bandwidth for this file and fragments. BitTorrent thus demonstrates a key Web 2.0 principle: the more service the better. Akamai server side must be increased to improve service, the other side is BitTorrent consumer brings his own resources to the party. Can be said that there is an implicit Participation in this system, the service acts primarily as an intelligent broker, all on the edge of the network link, taking full advantage of the user's own power. Using the collective wisdom born in the Web 1.0 era and survived, but also to continue to lead the Web 2.0 era of those behind the success of the giants, there is a core principle, that they have embraced the power of networks to harness collective intelligence: - Super link is the foundation. As users add new content and new site, will be limited to a particular network structure, this network structure is by other users discovering the content and links. As synapses in the brain, with associations becoming more and more by copying and strengthen strong, and all network users as a direct result of all the activities of the web of connections grows organically. - Yahoo!, The first great success story, was born in a catalog, or directory of links, one of thousands, then millions of web users a summary of the best work. Although later Yahoo! create many types of content into the business, but as a portal to the collection of Internet users have the role of collective work, is still the core of its value. - Google is a breakthrough in search, PageRank technology, which quickly became the undisputed search market leader. PageRank is a link to use the network structure, rather than just the document's properties, to achieve better search effectiveness. - Amazon with Barnesandnoble.com and other competitors selling the same product, obtain from the seller at the same time these companies are the same product descriptions, cover images and directories. The difference is, Amazon is already created out of a science of user engagement. Amazon has more than its competitors more than an order of magnitude higher than the user evaluation, and more inviting to users in varied ways on virtually every page on the participation and, more importantly, they use user activity to produce better search results. Barnesandnoble.com search results may point to the company's own products, or sponsored results, Amazon always leads with been around Amazon insiders call the product With an order of magnitude higher user participation, Amazon sales than its competitors is not surprising. Now, with this insight, and may extend it to those innovative companies, are making their mark on the Internet. Wikipedia (Wikipedia) is an online encyclopedia, and its implementation based on a seemingly impossible concept. The notion that an entry can be added by any web user, but can be edited by any other. No doubt, this is an extreme test of trust, will Eric Raymond (Eric Raymond) motto (from the context of open source software): is the superficial Wikipedia is already in the top the list of hundred sites, and many people think it will be in the top ten. This content creation is a far-reaching changes. Like del.icio.us (delicious bookmarks) and Flickr, the website, the company has recently received wide attention and has been as in a the concept of a pioneer. Tagging itself is used as the brain, the kind of multiple, overlapping associations, rather than rigid categories. A classic example cited in the Flickr website, photo of a puppy may be added Collaborative spam filtering products like Cloudmark, to gather e-mail users to The great Internet success stories do not advertise their products, which has almost become axiomatic. They use How a site or product relies on advertising to publicity, you can almost conclude that it is not Web 2.0. Even if much of the infrastructure itself, including in most web servers used in Linux, Apache, MySQL, and Perl, PHP or Python code, but also relies on open source peer production (peer-production) approach. Which contains a collective, the network gives wisdom. Listed on the SourceForge.net Web site at least 100,000 kinds of open source software projects. Anyone can add a project, anyone can download and use the project code. Meanwhile, as a result of users, the new project from the edge of the migration to the center. An acceptance of the organic process of the software is almost entirely on viral marketing. Meanwhile, as a result of user applications, new projects migrate from the edge to the center, which is an almost entirely on viral marketing, organic software adoption process. Experience: network effects from user contributions, is the rule in the Web 2.0 era of the critical market. Application platform will always beat the same opponents in the past the competition every time, Microsoft have successfully used the platform to play this card, defeated even the most dominant applications. Windows platform for Microsoft to replace the Excel Lotus 1-2-3, Word replaced by WordPerfect,, to replace the Netscape Internet Explorer browser. But this time, the conflict is not between the platform and applications, but between two platforms. Each platform Jieyou a very different business model: on the one hand, an independent software vendor with a broad user base and the application interface and tightly integrated operating system, programming model and thus be controlled; the other hand, is a no owner's system, by a set of protocols, open standards and consensus on co-operation to link together. Windows system represents the interface by the software program for proprietary control of the peak. Netscape has tried to deal with Microsoft had the means used by their opponents to be competing with Microsoft, but failed. However, the Apache open standards with the Internet but has flourished. This time put on the war situation, is no longer an unequal duel isolated software platform, but to become a platform for confrontation between platforms. The question is, which platform, or which system is more far-reaching, and which business models, the most able to adapt to future opportunities. Windows PC for the early era of the problem is a superior solution. It unifies the arena of application developers to solve the problem of many problems in this area. But this supply-side control by a single method across the board is no longer the appropriate solution, made to a problem. Communication system needs for interoperability, the Internet is certainly the case as a platform. Unless the supplier can control the interaction of the two terminals of each case, this program interface software to lock the user is unlikely. Any attempt to promote through the control platform provider of Web 2.0 applications, by definition, have lost the superiority of this platform. This does not mean the opportunity to lock and competitive advantage no longer exist, but rather that we believe that this opportunity is not through the control software program interfaces and protocols made. The new rules of the game is emerging. Those who can understand these new rules of the game, rather than attempt to return to the old era of PC software, the rules of the company, will it be possible in the Web 2.0 era of success. Web 2.0 blog wisdom of the times and the public one of the most sought after feature is the rise of the blog. Personal home early from the Internet has existed, and personal diary and daily opinion column published in more ancient origin, then in the end what makes a fuss of it? Owned by root, the blog is just a form of personal diary page. But as 里奇斯格仁塔 (Rich Skrenta) pointed out, the blog in chronological order to arrange the structure RSS is a computer guru since the early recognized the CGI (Common Gateway Interface) can be used to create database-based Web site has the basic structure of the Internet the most important progress. RSS makes it not just a link to a page and can subscribe to this page, which changes every time the page generated will be notified. Skrenta called it Others call it Of course, the so-called While the dynamic vitality of not only the web site and the link area. A pointer to a network link to the blog is actually pointing to a constantly updated Web pages, including any of an article pointing to the Thus, a bookmark or RSS is more than a single page of links pointing to much stronger. RSS also means that the web browser is no longer just limited to viewing a web page. Despite the like, such as bloglines RSS aggregator (RSS aggregators) is based on the network, but others are desktop clients, and still others can be used in portable devices to regularly updated content, such as online reading tool to Ya frog network, personal customized RSS itself, the scope of further strengthening network frog Ya. RSS is now used not only for push notification of new blog entries can also be used for other kinds of data updates, including stock quotes, weather, and pictures. Such use is actually a return to the origin RSS: RSS was born in 1997, is the confluence of the following two technologies: one is Dave Winer (Dave Winer) of the Syndication) technology, used to notify the blog updates; the other is provided by Netscape, Later, Netscape lost interest, and the technology, a blog by the Wenner Userland to undertake pioneering companies down. However, in the current crop of applications, I can see both parents. However, RSS is just so different from an ordinary web blog part of the reason. Tomko Waters (Tom Coates) commented that the importance of the fixed link: In many ways, RSS combination with the fixed link, as HTPP (Internet Protocol) added NNTP (Usenet news network protocol) many of the features. The so-called equivalent phenomenon. Not only can people subscribe to each site and easily link to individual comments on a page, and by a known trackbacks (trackbacks) mechanisms that anyone else can link to their pages, and can link with each other or Add a comment way to respond. If an essence of Web 2.0 is harnessing collective intelligence, turning the web into a kind of global brain, then the circle is the former head blog chatter nonsense, that we could hear the voice of the mind. It may not reflect the brain's deep structure is often unconscious, but is instead the equivalent of conscious thought. As a conscious thought and attention, reflecting, blog circle has begun to have a powerful effect. First, because search engines use link structure to help predict useful pages, as the most prolific and timely linkers, blog in shaping search engine results as a disproportionate role. Second, because the blog community is so highly self reference, focus on other blog's blog magnifies their visibility and power. In addition, critics decry the If only an amplifier, writing a blog would be uninteresting. But like Wikipedia, blog collective intelligence as a kind of filter. By James Suri Ao Weiqi (James Suriowecki) called the collective attention of ring filter out something of value. While mainstream media may see individual blog as competitors, but really unnerving is the same blog as a whole circle of competition. This is not just a competition between sites, but also a competition between business models. The world of Web 2.0 is what Dan Palmer (Dan Gillmor) of the so-called In this world, Data is the Next Intel Inside Every significant Internet applications by a specialized database: Google's web crawler, Yahoo! the directory (and web crawl), Amazon's product database, eBay's product database and vendors, MapQuest's map databases, Napster's distributed song database. As 哈尔瓦里安 (Hal Varian) in the last year talking about a private conversation, Database management is a Web 2.0 company's core competitiveness, so that we have sometimes referred to these applications as This fact leads to a key question: Who owns the data? In the Internet era, we may have seen a number of cases in which control over the database has led to market control and outsized financial returns. Originally by the U.S. government fiat to Network Solutions (Verisign company after the acquisition) the monopoly on domain name registration, once a cash cow on the Internet first. While we debate the API through the control software that business advantage in the Internet age will become much more difficult, but the control of key data sources are different, especially when those data sources to create very expensive, or via the network effect likely to increase return time. Note the MapQuest, maps.yahoo.com, maps.msn.com, or maps.google.com, each map site offers the following copyright notice, you'll see the line If you are using the new satellite imagery services, see the These companies have done a lot of their database investment. (Only NavTeq one to announce investment of 750 million U.S. dollars to build their street address and route database. Digital Globe will invest 500 million U.S. dollars to launch its own satellite image provided by the Government to improve.) NavTeq actually have done as to imitate Intel's familiar Intel Inside logo: for example, a car with a navigation system on with the In fact many of these programs the data is the Intel Inside, are the only source of information system components, most of these systems is an open source software system, but also commercial. The now hotly contested web mapping (web mapping) areas showing on the importance of core data with the software's negligence, will eventually undercut its competitive position. MapQuest map of 1995, the first to enter the field, followed by Yahoo!, and then later that Microsoft, Google recently decided to enter the market, they can easily by licensing the same data to provide a competitive program. However, as a contrast to the competitive position of Amazon.com. Like competitors such as Barnesandnoble.com, its original database came from ISBN registrar. R. Bowker. But with MapQuest, Amazon relentlessly enhanced the data, increasing data publishers, such as cover images, directory, index, and sample material. More importantly, they harnessed their users to annotate the data, that after ten years, Amazon, not Bowker, became a major source of bibliographic data on books,paul smith shoes, a scholar, librarians, and reference source for consumers. Amazon also introduced their own proprietary identifier, the ASIN, the presence of the identifier in the corresponding ISBN, and when the product is not with the ISBN, it creates an equivalent namespace. Amazon and thus effectively Imagine if MapQuest had done the same thing, harnessing their users to annotate maps and directions, adding new layers of value. So on the basis of data just by licensing to other competitors enter the market, will result in much more difficult. The recent introduction of Google Maps for application vendors and competition between its data providers to provide a living laboratory. Google, lightweight programming model has led to the emergence of numerous value-added services, these services the way the data mixed, will Google's Maps with other data sources accessible through the Internet combined. Paul Rowlatt Mach (Paul Rademacher) housingmaps.com, this is an excellent example of mixing, the site will be Google Maps with Craigslist apartment rental and home purchase data combined to create an interactive housing search tool. At present, these mashups are mostly implemented by hackers innovative experimental products. But the corporate action to follow. And already, at least one class from the developers found it. Google has the role of data source away from Navteq, where, and to position itself as a favored intermediary. In the next few years, we will see the data providers and application vendors in the struggle between, as both realize, and specific data types as building blocks for Web 2.0 program is very important. The race is on to own certain classes of core data: location, identity, calendaring of public events, product identifiers and namespaces. In many cases, significant cost to create the data that place, there may be an Intel Inside style play, with as a single source for the data as an opportunity. Other cases, the winner will be achieved via user aggregation, critical mass, and will aggregate data into a system service company. For example, in the area of identity, PayPal, Amazon one-click, and the millions of users of communications systems, are likely to build a network-wide identity database of legitimate competitors. (In this regard, Google recently used cell phone numbers as identification attempts Gmail account, may be telephone system towards embracing and extending a step.) Meanwhile, start-up companies such as Sxip are exploring the possibility of federated identity to seeking a In the Calendar area, EVDB is through the wiki style architecture of participation to build the world's largest shared calendar a try. While the jury still out on any particular startup or approach is successful, it is clear that the standards in these areas and solutions, effectively some of the data into the subsystems, will enable the next generation of applications. On the data, you must pay attention to a further aspect, that is, user concerns about data privacy and rights of their own. In many early web applications, copyright is only loosely enforced. For example, Amazon lays claim to any comments submitted to the site's ownership, but the lack of enforcement, people may repost the same review elsewhere. However, as companies begin to realize that control over data may become their primary source of competitive advantage, we will see more intense in such control attempts. As the rise of proprietary software led to the Free Software movement, in the next 10 years we will see the rise of proprietary databases will lead to free data movement. Such as Wikipedia in the open data project, Creative Commons (Creative Commons), as well as Greasemonkey (allow users to decide how to display data on their computer) so that software projects, we can see that the momentum against the precursor. Some systems are designed to encourage participation. In 丹布莱克林 (Dan Bricklin) of the paper The first has to be embodied by the Yahoo!, that is paid to people to achieve. The second, from the experience of the open source community inspired, is to allow volunteers to accomplish the same task. Open Directory Project (Open Directory Project), an open source Yahoo competitor, is a product of the method. Napster, however reflects a third way. Because Napster set its defaults to automatically have downloaded music for any service, any user is automatically the value of helping to build a shared database. The same approach has been all the other P2P file sharing service used. Web 2.0 era is a key experience: Users add value. But only a small fraction of users will wish to come to add value to your application without trouble. Thus, Web 2.0 companies have made such a default setting, which typically use as a by-product, to aggregate user data, and create value. As noted above, they build the more people that is the better system. Mitch Kapoor (Mitch Kapor) pointed out that the Participation is the essence of Napster, the fundamental part of the system. With the more frequently cited the so-called Internet, World Wide Web (World Wide Web), as well as Linux, Apache and Perl open source software projects such architecture are of such a design, the automatically generated as a by-product, pursue their own interests to create users the collective value. Any of these items have a small core, a well-designed extension mechanism, and a way for anyone to add any qualifying component of the way, the growing of being the founder of Perl, Larry * Walter (Larry Wall) known as the In other words, these technologies through their original design approach, which embodies the network effect. End of software release cycle in the above comparison of Google and Netscape discussed, the representation of the software features of the Internet age is that it should be delivered as a service. This fact led to the company's business model of such a lot of fundamental change. 1. Operations must become a core competency. Google or Yahoo! in product development expertise, with the daily operations must be matched by an expertise. From software as artifact to software as a service change is so fundamental, that the software will no longer be able to complete the task, unless a daily basis to maintain. Google must continuously crawl the Internet and update its indices, continuously filter out link spam and other things that affect their results, continuously and dynamically respond to hundreds of millions of asynchronous user queries, simultaneously to these queries with context-sensitive ads to match. So, Google's system management, networking, and load balancing techniques are perhaps even more than their search algorithms are closely guarded secrets is not surprising. Google in the success of automating these processes is its cost advantage over competitors is a key aspect. Also not surprising that, like Perl, Python, PHP, Ruby, and the current scripting languages such companies in the Web 2.0 play an important role. Sun's first webmaster, Hassan Schroeder (Hassan Schroeder) had a Perl was famously described: In fact, dynamic languages (often called scripting languages and software products, software engineers to belittle the times), is a system and network administrators, as well dynamic system can be regularly updated as application developers have their favorite tools. 2. Users must be treated as co-developers to this is from the open source development practices resulting in a reflection (even if the software is unlikely to be an open source license issue.) Open source dictum, In the open state in which the product development, new features on a monthly, weekly, even daily basis are in place. Gmail, Google Maps, Flickr, del.icio.us, and other similar services, may at some stage the name of the test version of the logo for many years. Therefore, real-time monitoring of user behavior to see what new features are used, and how they are used, thus becomes another required core competency. An online service at a major developer of network operators, commented: they like them, we take them to the entire site. Obviously, this is in stark contrast with the traditional development model. While not all web applications are like Flickr to develop such extreme ways, but almost all web applications have a PC or with any client - server time different development cycle. For this reason, ZDnet editorial concluded that Microsoft will not beat Google: themselves and explore new things. in-depth level, there are other companies significantly. Born Web 2.0 companies enjoy a natural advantage because they do not need to get rid of the old model (and its corresponding business models and revenue sources). Lightweight Programming Models Once the idea of web services popular, large companies with a complex web services stack into the fray. The web services stack is designed for distributed applications to build a more reliable programming environment. However, as the web succeeded precisely because it overthrew a lot of hypertext theory, RSS in order to perfect the design to replace the simple pragmatism, because of its simplicity and has become perhaps the most widely used network services, while the complex enterprise network service has not been able to achieve a wide range of applications. Similarly, Amazon.com Web services, there are two forms: one adhering to the SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol, Simple Object Access Protocol) web services stack formalism; the other is in the HTTP protocol in addition to simply providing XML data , in a lightweight approach sometimes referred to as REST (Representational State Transfer, Representational State Transfer). While high value of the B2B connection (such as those in the Amazon and a number of retail partners like ToysRUs between this connection) using the SOAP stack, but according to Amazon reports that 95% of the usage of the lightweight REST service. The same requirements of simplicity, from other Google's recent launch of Google Maps is an example. A simple Google Maps AJAX (Javascript and XML) interface was quickly decrypted by hackers, who then proceeded to remix the data into the new service. Map-related web services had been for some time, like for example like ESRI GIS (geographic information system), and from MapQuest and Microsoft MapPoint. But Google Maps because of its simplicity and let the world excited. While the former supported by the vendor web services required a formal agreement between the parties, but the way Google Maps was implemented so that data can be captured, and hackers soon found a creative reuse of these data. Here are some important lessons: 1. Support allows for loosely coupled systems lightweight programming model. Developed by the company's complex web services stack is designed to enable tight coupling. While this is necessary in many cases is that many of the most important applications can indeed remain loosely coupled, and even fragile. Web 2.0 mindset is very different from the traditional concept of IT. 2. Consider the aggregate (syndication) rather than coordination (coordination). Simple network services, such as RSS and REST-based web services, is used to aggregate data from outside, but does not control the connection to what happens when the other end. The idea is the basis of the Internet itself, a reflection of the principle of the so-called end to end. 3. Programmability and can be mixed design. Like the original web, RSS and AJAX such systems have this in common: very low barriers to reuse. Many useful software is actually open source, but even if it is not, nor did many things to protect their intellectual property. Internet browser's the success of web services, are services that have been easiest to think of the creator of a new direction. With the more general Lightweight business models are lightweight lightweight combination of programming and a natural product. Web 2.0 mindset is good at reuse. Housingmaps.com kind of like this new service is to crawl through the two existing services together to simply create together. Housingmaps.com business model has not (so far), but for many small-scale services, Google's AdSense (or Amazon's associates fees, or both) to provide a revenue model similar services. The Case for Web 2.0 Another key principle for the inspiration, which we call When commodity components are abundant, you can order new or effective way to assemble these components to create value. Much like the PC revolution, the assembly of commodity hardware, providing many opportunities for innovation, including companies such as Dell to create the science of this assembly, thereby defeating that business model required innovation in product development company, we believe that Web 2.0 provided for each company, through the use and integration of services provided by other people getting better, to win the chance to compete. Software beyond a single device is worth mentioning another Web 2.0 feature is the Web 2.0 is no longer limited to the PC platform, such a fact. In his parting advice to Microsoft's long-term Microsoft Developer 戴夫斯塔兹 (Dave Stutz) said: Of course, any web application can be seen beyond a single device software. After all, even the simplest web application involves at least two computers: one for the network server and the one the browser. And as we've discussed in the network as a platform for development, extends this idea to multiple computers by the services provided by the composition of the synthetic application. But like many areas of Web 2.0, as in where the argument gives us a platform for the new programs and services of the critical insight. So far, iTunes is the best example of this principle. This application seamlessly reaches from the handheld device to a massive web back, in which PC acting as a local cache and control station. There have been many before the contents of the Internet to the portable devices to try, but the iPod / iTunes combination is one of the first such applications designed from the ground up to span multiple devices. TiVo is another good example. iTunes and TiVo also reflects some of the other core Web 2.0 principles. They themselves are not web applications, but they leverage the power of the Internet platform, the network as its system a seamless, almost invisible part. Data management is clearly the value they provide the core. They are services, not packaged applications (although in iTunes, it can be used as a packaged application, managing only the user's local data.) Not only that, TiVo and iTunes show some budding use of collective intelligence. Although in each case, their experiments are deal with the network IP portal. iTunes, only a limited architecture of participation, although the recent addition of podcasting (podcasting) will be a lot of laws that rule. This is what we want to see great changes in the field of a Web 2.0, as more and more devices are connected to the new platform in the past. When our phones and cars are not consuming data but reporting it may be what kind of procedures? Real time traffic monitoring, flash bosozoku (flash mobs), and citizen journalism, the ability of the new platform is just few of the early warning. Venture capitalist Paul Luoke De Rawski (Paul Kedrosky) writes: Interestingly, we note that every aspect of Web 2.0 are related to differences with the consensus: everyone was stressed the importance of maintaining data privacy, and Flickr / Napster and so on, but make it public. This is not just to differences differences (such as the pursuit of pet food online), but something from which to create a place where differences. Flickr to create a community, Napster created a collection of breadth. Another way to look at this phenomenon is that successful companies are expensive but give up some important things to be considered in order to have free access to some valuable things too expensive. For example, Wikipedia's editorial focus to give up control to the speed and breadth as a reward. Napster to give up the Amazon gave up the idea for a physical store, but to serve the entire world. Google to give up the bulk of users (the beginning), it has been 80%, and its requirements are not met before the user. The following statement is very few Aikido (leveraging the power of) the spirit: news. - Neisentuoke British Dayton (Nat Torkington) rich user experience dates back to 1992, Wei Peiyuan (Pei-Yuan Wei) development of the Viola browser, the Internet was used in the web browser to send the (applet) and other activities. Java's introduction in 1995, around the delivery of such applets. DHTML JavaScript and later were introduced as lightweight ways to provide client side programmability and richer user experience. A few years ago, Macromedia to create a GUI (graphical user interface) style application experiences. However, the Internet's potential to pass on the entire application before Google introduced Gmail, has not become mainstream, quickly followed by Google Maps application, a number of Internet-based PC with a rich user interface and interactive program is equivalent to the application. Web design company Adaptive Path in the Yexi • James • Temple (Jesse James Garrett), a discussion paper, Google used to be named this group of technology AJAX. He wrote: Ajax is not a technology. It is really several technologies, each flourishing in its own, they are a powerful new ways together. Ajax covers: - the use of XHTML and CSS standards-based variety show. - Using the Document Object Model (Document Object Model) for dynamic display and interaction. - Using XML and XSLT for data exchange and manipulation. - Asynchronous data retrieval using XMLHttpRequest. - JavaScript to bind together all of these. Web 2.0 AJAX is a key component of the program, for example, now part of Yahoo! of Flickr, 37signals basecamp and procedures backpack, and other Google programs, such as Gmail and Orkut. We're entering an unprecedented period of user interface innovation, as web developers are finally able to create, as the local PC-based web applications as rich program. Interestingly, many of the functions now being explored has been in existence for many years. The late 90's, Microsoft and Netscape, are now finally being recognized some insight into those features, but they are for the standard to be used in battle, making cross-browser applications difficult. It was only when Microsoft definitively won the browser war, and there was really only need for a browser standard to write this kind of application possible. And while in the browser market, Firefox has reintroduced competition, but at least now we have not seen the destructive competition over web standards that set us back in the '90s. Web 2.0 design patterns in the He wrote: do not repeat from do the same thing. Therefore, the use of customer self service and algorithmic data management to extend to the entire Internet, not just reach the edge of the center, to reach the long tail and not just the head. Data is the Next Intel Inside Applications are increasingly data-driven. Therefore: For competitive advantage, should try to have a unique, hard to recreate data resources. Add value to the user program on the Internet for competitive advantage is the key to what extent will the user data you provide, add their own data. Thus, you do not keep Let your users implicit and explicit procedures for you to add value. The default network effects only a small percentage of users will go to the trouble to add value to your application. Therefore: the default settings to get the aggregate user data, a by-product of the user to use the program. Some power to retain intellectual property protection limits re also hindered the experiment. Thus, the benefits from the collective wisdom of the time constraints rather than private, should be confirmed by a lower threshold. Follow the existing guidelines, and few restrictions as possible to authorize. Design process so that with programmability and can be mixed. Beta forever and procedures when the device is connected to the Internet, the program is not the software works, and they are ongoing services. Therefore, do not be packaged into a variety of new features are master of the release version, but as an ordinary part of the user experience often add these features. To attract your users to act as real-time testers, and record these services in order to understand how people use these new features. Cooperation, not control Web 2.0, collaborative process is built on top of the data service network. Therefore: the interface to provide network services and content aggregation, and reuse other people's data services. Support allows for loosely coupled systems lightweight programming model. PC software beyond a single device the application is no longer the only Internet access device, and limited to the value of the program a single device connected to the program is less than that. So: from the beginning to design your application to integrate across handheld devices, PC, and the Internet server of the range of services. Innovation 2.0 from Web 2.0 to Web 2.0 aside and caught numerous phenomena, and then put it into development and social change in the large perspective view, Web 2.0 can be said to lead to the development of information technology brought about by the Internet revolution, the future, 2.0 people-centered innovation model in the Internet field typical embodiment of weaving by professionals to all users in the innovation process of democratization weaving vivid Notes [1]. Innovation 2.0 (Innovation 2.0) reference should be derived from WEB2.0 over. WEB2.0 is to enable everyone to participate, all the people weaving, and then use the software, the machine's power to make such information more easily find and view people in need. If WEB1.0 is the core data network, WEB2.0 is people starting point of the Internet. Therefore, innovative 2.0 is for all to participate in innovation, use of technical means to share and spread knowledge and innovation. If the innovative technology as the starting point is 1.0, Innovation 2.0 is the starting point for people-to people-centered innovation, application-based innovation, is open to innovation, co-innovation, innovative user-centric applications. Technology innovation is the main innovation, innovative interactive elements under the complex emergence of a complex phenomenon, is the technological advancement and application of innovative 2.0 involves major technological innovation and management issues, the complexity of technological innovation that is mentioned in the article of national and regional scientific and technological innovation system, is much larger than the concept of Web2.0. The Web 2.0 Innovation 2.0 on the Internet should be a special application forms. In the final analysis the user is the key, both audience and participants. Description of the concept of Web2.0 technology is usually introduced by a typical case of eb2.0 site, together with related technologies on the part of the explanation eb2.0 these Web2.0 technologies include: blog (BLOG), RSS, Encyclopedia (Wiki ), the net pick, social networking (SNS), P2P, instant messaging (IM) and so on. WEB2.0-existing products Baidu Encyclopedia, Wiki Wikipedia, Wallop, yahoo360, openbc, cyworld, 43things, flickr, del.icio.us, cragslist, glob, Kijiji, friendster, linkin, UU pass, excellent friends, the sky net, love meters network, linkist, Sina little pass, skype, million friends, cyworld, Sina blogger, Tudou, Pig Witkey net. Must have elements include: * Web site should be able to allow users to shift the data within and outside the site. * Users on the site have their own data within the system * based entirely on the Web, all features can be done through the browser. Internet language has come WEB2.0 WEB2.0 is service, is an emerging network of vocabulary. WEB2.0 WEB services relative to the earlier, the difference is more focused on the interaction WEB2.0, focusing on grass-roots contributions for Internet content. Atlas Atlas entry for more reference materials 1
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